Total and subcellular distribution of trace elements in the liver of a mother-fetus pair of Dall's porpoises (Phocoenoides dalli)

Total and subcellular hepatic Zn, Cu, Se, Mn, V, Hg, Cd, and Ag were determined in a mother-fetus pair of Dall's porpoises (Phocoenoides dalli). Except for higher fetal Cu concentration, all maternal elements were higher. Elements existed mostly in the cytosol of both animals except in the case of maternal Ag in the microsome and fetal Cu and Ag in the nuclei and mitochondria. In the maternal cytosol, Zn, Mn, Hg, and Ag were present in the high-molecular-weight substances (HMW); Se and V were present in the low-molecular-weight substances (LMW); Cu and Cd were mostly sequestered by metallothionein (MT). In the fetal cytosol, Zn, Se, Mn, Hg, Cd, and Ag were present in the HMW and V in the LMW, while Cu and Ag were mostly associated with MT. MT isoforms were characterized using the HPLC/ICP-MS. Two and four obvious peaks appeared in the maternal and fetal MT fractions, respectively. The highest elemental ion intensities were at a retention time of 7.8 min for the mother, and for the fetus the peak elemental ion intensities occurred at a retention time of 4.3 min, suggesting that different MT isoforms may be involved in elemental accumulation in maternal and fetal hepatocytosols.     

Nutrient enrichment caused by in situ fish farms at Eilat, Red Sea is detrimental to coral reproduction

Recent studies report conflicting results concerning the effects of eutrophication on coral reproduction. The present study examines reproductive effort in the brooding coral Stylophora pistillata exposed to chronic eutrophication caused by in situ fish cages (FC) in the northern Gulf of Eilat (Aqaba). Histological studies of 20 S. pistillata colonies transplanted to each of two study sites, one close to the nutrient enriched FC site and the other at a reference site (IUI), 8 km southwest of the FC site, show that, overall, corals from the FC site have a significantly higher percentage of polyps containing oocytes and testes than corals from the IUI site. However, average oocyte size and the percentage of oocytes reaching the size at which fertilization occurs (i.e., >200 microm) were both significantly greater in colonies at the IUI site compared to the FC site. As the reproductive season progressed, colonies at the IUI site exhibited a decrease in the percentage of polyps containing oocytes, concomitant with an increase in the number of polyps containing planulae, indicating successful development of oocytes into planulae. In contrast, in colonies at the FC site oocyte numbers were greatest at the end of the reproductive season, and overall, numbers of planulae were significantly lower compared with the IUI colonies, suggesting relative failure of oocyte maturation, fertilization and ensuing larval development. The significantly higher lipid content found during the reproduction season in IUI colonies compared with FC colonies corroborates this assertion. This data strongly suggest that nutrients released from the fish farms have adverse effects on successful production of larvae of S. pistillata. In view of the recent severe deterioration of the coral reefs of Eilat and their present critical state of health, the only chance for their renewal is the use of immediate, prudent and rational protection measures against all man-made perturbations.     

CSAO和VS NIIFTRI等高仪国际合作观测精度的初步分析

初步分析了PHAI在伊尔库茨克近14个月中观测的832组星的精度。PHAI创造了它历史上最多的观测星组数和最高的观测精度，1996年在俄罗斯地球自转参数服务系统中获取15％的权重，约为该系统平均仪器权重的3倍多。     

粒玄岩岩脉的磁异常和古地磁学研究

前言很多人相信在印度安得拉邦卡林钠加尔县有大量含铁石英岩.为了证实这里及附近外围到底有无这类岩石,在此县200平方英里范围内进行了地质调查和地球物理探测.结果只是在三个村庄(基斯塔拉奥巴里、马克达姆普尔和曼贾姆巴里)发现了规模不大的含铁石英岩囊状体,并排除了它们在地下有延伸的可能性.根据磁异常走向,认为地下有粒玄岩岩脉,错误地把粒玄岩当作了含     

鱼类习性、捕鱼条件与围网设计、制造的关系

在日本围网主要用来捕捉鲱、沙丁鱼、鲐、竹筴鱼、鳀、大眼鲱和金枪鱼。由于这些鱼类游速很快,所以作业时网具必须尽可能快速包围和收拢。作业成功与否主要根据起、放网的速度,其次是网具的沉降速度。网片材料选择围网的网片材料是十分重要的。材料最好具有快速沉降的性能。对于已加工过的材料的性能来说,较重和较硬的连续纤维网线是较好的。长纤维紧捻的网线比短纤维     

东南亚主要成矿带—各种地质力学条件相互影响的结果

东南亚大多数矿床构成五个成矿带.这些矿带中的矿床、矿种类型可用各种地质力学条件的反复出现及其相互影响来解释.从晚三迭世以来,东南亚地区被认为是和亚洲板块相连的一个不可分的大陆块,其三面与倾伏于这个地块之下的贝尼奥夫带毗邻.含有大量矿床及陆缘钙碱性岩浆岩带的岛弧产于贝尼奥夫带之上.斑岩铜、夕卡岩铜、铁和铅、火山岩型和热液型铅、锌、银、金、锡、钨和钼矿床与这些岩浆岩带有关.裂谷是地块中部占优势的走向断层作用造成的.一些锡矿床与同时形成的次碱性的非造山期花岗岩伴生.在古生代和三迭纪,东南亚地区至少属于三个不同的大陆块.这些地块为活动的大洋型盆地所分开.在贝尼奥夫带之上的地块边缘形成了铁、铜、铅、锑和锡矿床.以后这些矿床由于地块碰撞而占据大陆的最内部.一些岩浆铜镍硫化物及钛磁铁矿矿床与晚古生代大陆裂谷构造有关.这些古陆块的位置及成矿带形成的顺序可通过横向相分析及古地磁资料的研究来复原.东南亚显生宙的演变表明,这个地区的成矿性首先取决于地壳的类型.     

台湾省地震速报和地震早期警报系统的进展

报告了台湾省实时地震监测的最新进展,特别是中央气象局(CWB)开发的地震速报(RRS)和地震早期警报系统(EWS)的最新进展。该系统利用的是自由场强地面运动仪遥测传输的信号。为地震速报之目的,中央气象局从1995年起在大地震(M> 4级)发生后一分钟之内提供地震烈度图、震中和震级参数,并以电子信息文件形式提供给政府机构和科学家,其可靠性近乎完美,特别是对破坏性大地震而言。利用1999 年集集地震期间收集到的大量数据,得出了一组经验关系式,以此中央气象局能够在大地震发生后的几分钟之内,通过速报系统发布计算出的PGA、PGV和可能的破坏分布情况。这种近实时的破坏评估对震灾快速应急响应和救助行动的展开具有重要作用。快速确定震级是根据自动生成的有效子台网的前10 s记录来实现的。以此为基础,得出一个监测软件,据此我们能够做出30 s之内的地震速报。这是向更实际的地震早期警报迈出的重要一步。从2002年起,该地震早期警报系统已经在中央气象局运行。综合的地震报告大部分能在地震发生之后30 s内发布,平均时间为22 s。当地震发生在距城市不足66 km时由于典型地壳剪切波速为3 km／s,现时的操作系统是无效的,而对于离震源的距离大于100 km的城市来说,前导时间会增加到10 s 以上。在后一种情况下,几秒钟的前导时间将足以使预编程序的应急响应在破坏性强震到达之前启动。     

A Late Quaternary Climate Record Based on Multi-Proxies Analysis from the Jiaochang Loess Section in the Eastern Tibetan Plateau, China

We compared the stable carbon isotopic records from a loess transect of the Jiaochang in the eastern Tibetan Plateau, spanning the last ~21,000 years, with multiproxy data for pedogenesis, including magnetic susceptibility, clay fraction, Fed/Fet ratio, carbonate and total organic carbon content, in order to probe the mechanisms of δ13C values of organic matter and Late Quaternary climate variations in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Our results indicate that there is no simple relationship between δ13C of organic matter and summer monsoon variations. The change in δ13C values of organic matter (in accordance with the ratios of C3 to C4 plants) results from the interaction among temperature, aridity and atmospheric pCO2 level. Drier climate and lower atmospheric pCO2 level contribute to positive carbon isotopic excursion, while negative carbon isotopic excursion is the result of lower temperature and increased atmospheric pCO2 level. Additionally, our results imply that the Tibetan monsoon may play an important role in climate system in the eastern Tibet Plateau, which specifically reflects frequently changing climate in that area. The results provide new insights into the forcing mechanisms on both the δ13C values of organic matter and the local climate system.     

Evolution of mine-pool chemistry at the Sydney Coalfield, Nova Scotia, Canada, and its implications for mine decommissioning

The Sydney Coalfield is the largest in Atlantic Canada in which about 100 coal mines with varied lifespan have been opened since 1720. In the Glace Bay sub-basin, coal seams subcrop close to the Atlantic coast and dip seaward. Coal has been mined at 〉1200 m depth and 11 km from the coastline. Deposited possibly under a marine influence, the coals are enriched in pyrite. During mining abundant acidic sulfates such as melanterite, rozenite, copiapite and halotrichite have accumulated in the underground workings due to pyrite oxidation. The dissolution of these efflorescent salts upon mine flooding at closure gives rise to acidic mine pools wherever insufficient acid-neutralizing materials are present. A major challenge of mine decommissioning in the area is to prevent the discharge of this acidic water into the open ocean. Water monitoring in the 1B Hydraulic System, which consists of ten mines connected at various depths by natural or man-made conduits, shows that the mine pool chemistry varies with the mining practice employed. Although coal has invariably been mined by the room and pillar method, the extent of pillar removal varies from mine to mine. In mines with minimal pillar removal, coal extraction could be as low as 45%, leaving much pyrite for oxidation prior to eventual flooding and an acidic mine pool occurs. In contrast, in mines with extensive pillar removal, coal extraction could amount to 85%, leaving much less pyrite for oxidation. Moreover, the extensive pillar removal caused the collapse of the overlying strata which in some areas include limestone. The infilling of mine workings with carbonate-rich material offsets the effects of acidic effiorescent salts and a mine pool with near-neutral pH results. Geochemical modeling has affirmed the control of local water chemistry by the prevalent mineral assemblage.