应用P—S曲线分析非线弹性地基上的欧拉——伯努利梁

在较大外荷载下,搁置在地基上的Bernoulli—Euler梁下部的土体会发生塑性变形。在使用有限差分法离散了文克勒地基梁（Winkler）的控制方程后,形成了线性代数方程组,然后调用计算机Fortran程序进行了求解。利用p-s曲线,通过迭代,使用有限差分法求解了考虑土体塑性的变基床系数的Winkler地基梁的位移。计算结果表明：通过p-s曲线和变基床系数的Winkler地基梁模型,可近似分析出地基在外荷载作用下是进入弹性阶段还是弹塑性阶段,并给出较为合适的地基沉降值。最后,讨论了算法的应用范围。     

基于反相C8色谱柱的海洋浮游藻色素高效液相色谱分析方法有效性验证

对一种海洋浮游藻色素高效液相色谱分析方法进行了有效性验证。该方法使用反相C8色谱柱,以甲醇、乙腈和丙酮为流动相,并在流动相中添加吡啶/醋酸溶液作为修饰剂改善色素峰的分离效果。结果表明,4种色素标准在一定的浓度范围内线性关系良好,叶绿素a的线性范围为189.6~18 960μg/L,叶绿素b为89.2~8 920μg/L,β,β-胡萝卜素为7.77~777.2μg/L,叶黄素为15.28~1 528μg/L。除β,β-胡萝卜素外各色素标准的回收率在不同浓度下均在90%以上,相对标准偏差也普遍低于5%。在4个参考藻种和123个胶州湾现场样品中共检测出37种色素,一些关键的特征色素均获得了良好的分离效果。该方法操作简便,具有分离度好、灵敏度高、重复性好、回收率高等优点,适用于培养的藻种和现场样品中的海洋浮游藻色素分析。     

张八岭地区中生代岩体中黑云母的40Ar-39Ar年龄及其地质意义

张八岭地区顺郯庐断裂带由北向南出露了管店、瓦屋刘和瓦屋薛3个岩体,岩性分别为花岗闪长岩、石英二长岩和花岗岩。对其中两个侵入岩体中黑云母进行了⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar定年研究。张八岭隆起北段瓦屋刘石英二长岩和瓦屋薛花岗岩中黑云母的⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar坪年龄分别为127.84±0.77Ma和119.97±0.64Ma,表明岩浆活动主要发生在早白垩世中期。结合最近断裂带内走滑糜棱岩中角闪石143.3±1.3Ma的⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar年龄,暗示了早白垩世中期断裂带内出现岩浆活动时,郯庐断裂带已转变成正断层活动,而不是以往认为由断裂带走滑诱发的岩浆活动,与华北地块东部岩石圈减薄的峰期时间基本一致。     

历史时期承德、围场一带的农业开发与植被变迁

承德是清朝热河行宫的所在地,木兰围场是清皇室的狩猎区。这一地区农业开发较迟,清朝中叶承德一带始大规模农垦,而围场直至清末才放垦,但是由于不合理的农业开垦,森林植被遭到严重破坏,引起生态环境的恶化。水土流失、沙化等自然灾害十分严重。本文对这一地区的原始植被进行了复原,并探讨其农业开发与植被变迁的历史过程以及对生态环境的影响。     

2021年青海玛多MS7.4地震同震应力场与形变台站同震阶变分布关系探讨

利用基于升、降轨InSAR形变场及余震精定位结果反演得到的同震滑动模型,通过PSGRN/PSCMP程序获得同震水平形变场及应力场分布特征,结合玛多M_S7.4地震周边形变同震阶变台站分布特征,探讨同震应力场变化与同震阶变台站分布间的关系。模拟得到的水平形变场结果显示,此次玛多地震为左旋走滑运动特征,水平形变量主要集中在巴颜喀拉块体内,其次是北部的柴达木块体;羌塘块体以及祁连块体同震水平位移量较小;昆仑山口-江错断裂作为一条NE倾向的走滑型断裂,断层上盘区域滑动量明显大于下盘,模拟得到的最大水平形变量达1380mm;形变同震阶变的台站主要集中分布在祁连山断裂带中东段以及西秦岭等地区,祁连山断裂带中东段位于此次玛多地震同震正应力变化正值区域,而西秦岭等地区则处于玛多地震同震剪切应力变化的正值区域,即出现同震阶变的台站与同震应力场变化的正值区域具有较好的一致性。     

2022年1月8日青海门源MS6.9地震震前变形特征分析

2022年1月8日1时45分27秒青海海北藏族自治州门源县发生 M_S6.9地震,基于大地测量资料详细分析震源区的构造运动、应变演化以及深部变形特征,对于发震机理及震后危险性分析具有重要的意义。本文利用1991—2016、2017—2020期中国大陆地区GNSS速度场,分析了青藏高原东北缘各断裂带的运动学特征、门源地震震中和周边区域的地壳应变及其动态演化特征;结合剖面投影和非线性拟合算法,定量计算了托莱山、冷龙岭断裂的滑动速率和闭锁深度,得到以下认识:①青藏高原东北缘不同断裂带的运动学特征差异较大,整体以地壳缩短运动为主,局部区域伴随旋转运动; ②震中位于面膨胀率和最大剪应变率高值区的边缘,与前人关于强震地点的认识基本一致; ③区域应变参数的时空演化过程显示,震中附近应变特征整体变化不大,表明断层可能处在孕震晚期阶段; ④托莱山断裂带具有较高的滑动速率和闭锁深度,结合库仑应力的研究结果认为,该断裂未来一段时间的地震危险性仍值得关注。     

甘肃平凉地电比测台站建设及地电阻率数据分析

简要介绍了平凉地电比测台站的场地环境,阐述了比测装置系统和观测室的建设过程,并对其性能进行了测试和分析。结果表明,建成的装置系统运行稳定,产出数据真实可靠;观测室的改建充分利用了现有基础设施,注重功能划分、防雷接地、综合布线等设计,可以满足地电比测的需求。最后,以ZD8M型地电阻率仪为例,对定型比测结果进行了分析,结果进一步说明甘肃平凉地电比测台站的各项指标均符合相关技术规范。     

Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of the Triassic rhyolites in the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt,northern Tibetan Plateau

The East Kunlun Orogenic Belt(EKOB),which is in the northern part of the Greater Tibetan Plateau,contains voluminous Late Triassic intermediate-felsic volcanic rocks.In the east end of the EKOB,we identified highly differentiated peralkaline-like Xiangride rhyolites(～209 Ma)that differ from the wide-spread andesitic-rhyolitic Elashan volcanics(～232-225 Ma)in terms of their field occurrences and min-eral assemblages.The older,more common calc-alkaline felsic Elashan volcanics may have originated from partial melting of the underthrust Paleo-Tethys oceanic crust under amphibolite facies conditions associated with continental collision.The felsic Elashan volcanics and syn-collisional granitoids of the EKOB are different products of the same magmatic event related to continental collision.The Xiangride rhyolites are characterized by elevated abundances of high field strength elements,especially the very high Nb and Ta contents,the very low Ba,Sr,Eu,P,and Ti contents;and the variably high 87Sr/86Sr ratios(up to 0.96),exhibiting remarkable similarities to the characteristic peralkaline rhyolites.The primitive magmas parental to the Xiangride rhyolites were most likely alkali basaltic magmas that underwent pro-tracted fractional crystallization with continental crust contamination.The rock associations from the early granitoids and calc-alkaline volcanic rocks to the late alkaline basaltic dikes and peralkaline-like rhyolites in the Triassic provide important information about the tectonic evolution of the EKOB from syn-collisional to post-collisional.We infer that the transition from collisional compression to post-collisional extension occurred at about 220 Ma.     

Study of the geometrical size effect of a fractured rock mass based on the modified blockiness evaluation method

The determination of representative elementary volume (REV) is critical for mechanical model establishment and the determination of rock mass mechanical properties. Therefore, in this study, the REV range, existence, determinate parameter, and category were discussed. The blockiness level of the rock mass (B_z) was defined as the new index to determine the geometrical rock mass REV. Then, a great variety of multiscale three-dimensional fractured network models with different discontinuity persistences and spacings were developed. Finally, the B_z values of all models were measured, and the geometrical REVs were determined, the correlation between the geometrical REVs and rock mass discontinuity properties were assessed, and size validations of geometrical REVs were performed. In this study, it is shown that the REV is approximately 20–50 times that of the discontinuity spacing when the discontinuity spacing is classified as having extremely close to close spacing and is between approximately 0.3 and 4.0 times the discontinuity diameter when discontinuity spacing is in the range from moderate to extremely wide spacing. Further, there is a fourth-order nonlinear correlation between the geometrical REV and the ratio of the discontinuity diameter to discontinuity spacing. Meanwhile, the validation results confirm that the geometrical REV is slightly less than the sizes at which the elastic moduli tend to plateau, and the rationality of the geometrical REV of a rock mass based on B_z is thus supported from another perspective.     

Well-balanced central WENO schemes for the sediment transport model in shallow water

Sediment transport model in shallow water admits steady-state solutions in which the non-zero flux gradient is exactly balanced by the source term. In this paper, we develop high-order well-balanced central weighted essentially non-oscillatory schemes for the sediment transport model. In order to maintain the well-balanced property, we first reformulate the governing equations by an equivalent form and propose a novel reconstruction procedure for the Runge-Kutta flux. Rigorous theoretical analysis as well as extensive numerical examples all suggest that the present schemes preserve the well-balanced property. Moreover, the resulting schemes keep genuine high-order accuracy for general solutions.