塔河油田奥陶系生物扰动碳酸盐岩储集层微观孔隙结构的数字化表征与连通性分析*

塔河油田奥陶系鹰山组和一间房组发育大规模生物扰动碳酸盐岩储集层。在岩心观测和详细描述的基础上,通过岩石薄片的偏光显微镜、阴极发光显微镜观测和柱塞样品的X射线显微镜扫描与分析,实现了塔河油田奥陶系生物扰动碳酸盐岩储集层孔隙结构的数字化表征与连通性分析。结果表明: (1)由于生物扰动区潜穴充填物和围岩基质的岩石组构差异大,使这类储集层呈现极强的非均质性。(2)生物潜穴充填物主要由白云石晶体组成,白云石晶体以自形、半自形晶体为主;白云石晶间孔隙发育,孔隙体积集中于10~100μm³,喉道半径一般小于10μm,喉道长度一般小于40μm,白云石晶间孔为这类储集层的主要储集空间,围岩基质孔隙不发育。(3)生物潜穴充填物孔隙度介于7%~10%,孤立孔隙虽然数量多,但连通孔隙体积占比大,且连通孔隙拓扑结构复杂,孔隙连通性很好;通过表征单元体的尺度粗化升级分析发现,这类储集层的孔隙局部连通较好,而整体连通性相对较差。该研究真实、直观、准确刻画了生物扰动碳酸盐岩储集层微观孔隙结构特征,可为后续这类生物扰动碳酸盐岩储集层的微观渗流模拟研究提供所需的特征参数;未来将这类生物扰动碳酸盐岩储集层微观尺度上的孔隙结构数字化表征和渗流模拟结果与宏观分布规律相结合并应用到实际储集层评价中,可为这类储集层的油气资源量估算、开发方案优选、产能预测和提高采收率提供指导。     

应力应变电测技术在水下耐压壳体中的应用

对复杂壳体结构件进行批产前的首件应力检测、状态评估,尽早摸清壳体水压试验中关键部位的应力应变情况,对试验数据进行相关处理后,得到该产品相应工作状态下的关键部位应力值,进而达到对结构件的强度分析和设计仿真数据积累的目的。根据设计要求对壳体 15 个位置进行应力应变测试,通过计算找到应力值最大的位置点。通过本次测试研究发现,测试结果均小于相应材料的屈服强度,壳体结构设计满足水下耐压条件。     

黔中隆起的形成时间及形成机制探讨

黔中隆起经历了水下和陆上两个发育阶段;都匀运动是这一发育转变的成因。问题的焦点是水下隆起的开始时间和都匀运动发生的具体时间。根据沉积相研究,受郁南运动控制,黔中隆起在下奥陶统桐梓组沉积期间已具雏形。对贵阳乌当发现的珊瑚化石Plasmoporella、Heliolites、Amsassia等重新厘定后认为黔中隆起大规模露出水面的时间为晚奥陶世五峰组沉积期结束之时,这也是都匀运动发生的时间。都匀运动本身,受到自南而北方向的滇桂—北越地块的挤压和南东—北西方向的加里东造山运动的挤压,因此在黔中及周缘地区形成了以黔中背斜、乌当—二比向斜为代表的东西向构造和以麻江背斜为代表的南北向构造并存的地质现象。     

川藏公路海竹段地质灾害的遥感分析

本文重点是利用遥感地学分析原理研究了川藏公路海竹段的滑坡、崩塌和泥石流的地质灾害。同时 ,在遥感分析的基础上 ,对本区的工程地质进行了分区 ,为川藏公路改线及病害整治提供了基础资料.     

中国遗迹学研究十年进展

近十年来,中国遗迹学的研究取得许多新进展和新认识,重要成果概述如下:(1)在显生宙海相和过渡相沉积中新识别出84个遗迹属和211个遗迹种,新建28种遗迹组合及26种遗迹组构;在中生代和新生代陆相冲积扇、河流与湖泊沉积中识别出44个遗迹属和107个遗迹种,新建22种遗迹组合及10种遗迹组构;(2)论述了寒武纪底质革命对早...     

Helium and argon isotopic compositions of the Longquanzhan gold deposit in the Yishu fault zone and their geological implications

The Longquanzhan gold deposit hosted in granitic cataclasites with mylontization of the foot wall of the main Yishui-Tangtou fault. 3He/4He ratios in fluid inclusions range from 0. 14 to 0. 24 R/Ra,close to those of the crust-source helium. 40Ar/36Ar ratios were measured to be 289-1811, slightly higher than those of atmospheric argon. The results of analysis of helium and argon isotopes suggested that ore-forming fluids were derived chiefly from the crust. The δ18O values of fluid inclusions from vein quartz range from -1.78‰ to 4.07‰, and the δD values of the fluid inclusions vary between -74‰ and -77‰. The hydrogen and oxygen isotope data indicated that the ore-forming fluid for the Longquanzhan gold deposit had mixed with meteoric water in the process of mineralization. This is consistent with the conclusion from the helium and argon isotope data.     

长江源各拉丹冬地区上三叠统巴贡组双壳类组合与环境初探

研究区属北羌塘盆地，上三叠统巴贡组呈NW向带状分布于长江源各拉丹冬地区南北两侧（以往南部称土门格拉组），夹于金沙江缝合带南侧和中央隆起带之间，南部土门格拉一带产Cardium(Tulongocardium)martini-Trigonia(Kumatrigonia)huhxilensis组合，北部雀莫错一带产Halobia superbescens-Halobia　disperseinsecta组合和Amonotis togtonheensis-Cardium(Tulongocardium)xizangensis组合，反映的地质时代为诺利期，但南北部双壳类组合优势种明显不同。本文从物源区、沉积岩石类型及其组合、高频旋回沉积和古盐度、古水深、古气候及岩石地球化学和古生物特征角度，探讨南北巴贡组沉积古地理格局和双壳类组合的古生态，提出南部双壳类组合生活在盐度较低、氧化、干热、弱碱性浅水环境并繁盛于海泛晚期-海退期层位中，陆源物质供应充分而物种分异度不高；北部双壳类生活在盐度稍高、弱还原、温暖潮湿的较深水环境并繁盛于海侵-高水位期层位中，生物群面貌上的差异是同一地质时期南北不同的沉积环境造成的。     

关于建立区域坐标系的再讨论

继文献 [1]后就建立区域坐标系问题 ,阐明了基本概念、原则和特点 ,并对工程测量与坐标系的关系以及长度变形等问题进行了分析 ,提供了一个地区区域的划分、组建和长度变形示例。     

Studying air pollution with kitt peak solar flux atlas — analysis method and results of observation

For the measurement of atmospheric NO2 vertical column density (VCD), Kitt Peak Solar Flux Atlas can be substituted as an extraterrestrial solar radiation. Compared with differential analysis method, the Taylor expansion of integrated transfer equation underestimates the VCD. This underestimation is as large as 35% when the amount of NO2 is 1 × 1017 cm－2 and observation is conducted with an air mass factor of 10. Even when the VCD is 2 × 1016 cm－2 and the air mass factor is 4, the relative error of the retrieved VCD is still no less than 3%. If the observation is restricted under the small air mass factor condition (≤4), with Kitt Peak Solar spectrum as an extraterrestrial solar radiation, only an atmospheric layer of 2 km thick from ground can be studied, which will make the absorption too weak to be detected by normal instruments.The VCD in winter Tokyo area was observed and analyzed by differential method, which shows a good precision even when the absorption is as low as 3%. The largest average VCD was about 1.3 × 1017 cm－2, and the lowest was about 1.3 × 1016 cm－2. The trend of its variation was almost the same as the ground level observation by Saltzman reagent method.     

Studying Air Pollution with Kitt Peak Solar Flux Atlas—Analysis Method and Results of Observation

l.Introducti0nTwoflightsoftheSAGEIIIinstrumentwereplanedbeinglaunchedinJune2O00byRussianMeteor-3Mandin2002byInternationalSpaceStation(ISS).Itisexpectedthattheywouldofferinformationofalmostglobalcoverage.Theseinstrumentswillutilizetheselfcal-ibratingsolaroccultationtechniquetomeasureprofilesofaerosoIextinctionfrom0to4Okm,ozonefrom6to85km,nitrogendioxidefroml0to5Okm,andwatervaporfrom0to5Okm,andutilizelunaroccultationobservati0nstomonitorthekeynighttimesPecies,nitrogentrioxidefrom22to55k…