中亚造山带岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床深部找矿：以红旗岭铜镍矿床为例

为了对中亚造山成矿带东段南缘红旗岭岩浆型铜镍硫化物矿床深部（500～1 000 m）隐伏矿体进行成矿预测,采用高精度重力和2.5维人机交互式反演方法,对含矿性较好的镁铁质—超镁铁质岩体（如#1、#3及新#3岩体）进行底部含矿性研究。结果表明：高精度重力异常开展不同高度上延并结合垂向一阶导数等数据处理,可有效地厘定深部隐伏岩体空间展布;2.5维人机交互式反演方法可以识别深部微弱的矿致异常,推测研究区#3岩体埋深700～1 100 m存在5个脉状盲矿体。经钻探验证,成功发现32 259 t]镍矿（矿石平均品位达0.36%）,其中②号矿体为最厚矿体,见矿深度为700～1 100 m,镍矿平均品位为0.39%,储量达27 433 t。     

天山东段地区二叠系芦草沟组沉积特征与古环境对比

天山东段地区二叠系芦草沟组的沉积时代、沉积环境和构造背景存在争议。根据芦草沟组中发现的标准化石桃树园吐鲁番鳕、托姆介介形虫和孢粉化石组合,结合沉积地层中大量碎屑锆石最年轻峰值年龄261 Ma,认为芦草沟组的沉积时代为瓜德鲁普世(中二叠世)而非乌拉尔世(早二叠世)。近年来,在芦草沟组中发现典型海相指示矿物海绿石、海相或海陆交互相托姆介介形虫,加之超高盐度咸化湖盆的证实,认为芦草沟组主体为湖相沉积,但部分沉积时段受到海侵(泛)事件影响。天山东段地区准噶尔盆地、三塘湖盆地、吐哈盆地二叠系芦草沟组具有相似的岩石组合、动物群面貌和构造特征,但不同盆地古盐度、古气候、古氧化还原条件、古水深、初级生产力及热液输入强度等具有差异,分析认为芦草沟组形成于相似的伸展裂谷构造背景,但不同盆地之间沉积特征具有差异、不具备统一的沉积中心,为一系列弥散性裂谷盆地群。     

Imag(in)ing the continental lithosphere

This paper is primarily concerned with seismically imaging details in the mantle at an intermediate scale length between the large scales of regional and global tomography and the small scales of reflection profiles and outcrops. This range is roughly 0.1–1 km < a < 10–10² km, where a is the scale. We consider the implications of several models for mantle evolution in a convecting mantle, and possible scales present in the non-convecting tectosphere. Reflection seismic evidence shows that the structures preserved from continental accretion within and at the margins of the Archean cratons are subduction related, and we use subduction as an analog for scales left by past events. In modern orogenic belts we expect to find subduction structures, small scale upper mantle convection structures, and basalt extraction structures. We examine some of the scales that are likely formed by orogenic processes.We also examine the seismic velocity and density contrasts expected between various upper mantle constituents, including fertile upper mantle, depleted upper mantle, normal and eclogitized oceanic crust, and fertile mantle with and without partial melt. This leads directly to predicting the size of seismic signals that can be produced by specular conversion, and scattering from layers and objects with these contrasts.We introduce an imaging scheme that makes use of scattered waves in teleseismic receiver functions to make a depth migrated image of a pseudo-scattering coefficient. Image resolution is theoretically at least an order of magnitude better than traveltime tomography. We apply the imaging scheme to three data sets from 1) the Kaapvaal craton, 2) the Cheyenne Belt, a Paleoproterozoic suture between a protocontinent and an island arc, and 3) the Jemez Lineament, a series of aligned modern volcanic structures at the site of a Proterozoic suture zone. The Kaapvaal image, although not defining a unique base of the tectosphere, shows complicated “layered” events in the region defined as the base of the tectosphere in tomography images. The image of the transition zone discontinuities beneath the Kaapvaal craton is remarkable for clarity. The migrated receiver function image of the upper mantle beneath the Cheyenne belt is complicated, more so than the tomography image, and may indicate limitations in the receiver function imaging system. In contrast the Jemez Lineament image shows large-amplitude negative-polarity layered events beneath the Moho to depths of 120 km, that we interpret as melt-containing sills in the upper mantle. These sills presumably feed the Quaternary–Neogene regional basaltic volcanic field.     

Optical properties of a vertically inhomogeneous mid-latitude mid-level mixed-phase altocumulus in the infrared region

A vertically inhomogeneous mid-latitude mixed-phase altocumulus cloud was observed around 17:26 UTC on Oct. 14, 2001 during the 9th Cloud Layer Experiment (CLEX9). In this study the microphysical and optical properties of this cloud are investigated on the basis of in-situ observed vertical profiles of particle size and habit distributions. Two cloud models, assuming that the cloud properties were vertically homogeneous and inhomogeneous, are adopted to derive the bulk optical and radiative properties of this cloud. The observed microphysical properties are combined with the theoretical solutions to the scattering and absorption properties of individual cloud particles to determine the bulk optical properties at various heights within the cloud layer. The single-scattering properties of spherical liquid water droplets and nonspherical ice crystals are obtained from the Lorenz–Mie theory and an existing database, respectively. The bulk microphysical and optical properties associated with the inhomogeneous model depend strongly on the height above the cloud-base whereas the dependence is smoothed out in the case of the homogeneous model. Furthermore, the transfer of infrared radiation is simulated in conjunction with the two cloud models. It is shown that the brightness temperatures at the top of the atmosphere in the case of the homogeneous model can be 1.5% (3.8 K) higher than their counterpart associated with the inhomogeneous cloud model. This result demonstrates that the effect of the vertical inhomogeneity of a mixed-phase cloud on its radiative properties is not negligible.     

全天空云图获取的一种方式及算法实现

针对目前气象观测中云的人工观测的主观性以及没有客观的历史实况记录可对照查询的情况,本文提出一种以观测员角度的全天空云图获取方式,将相机绕观测点旋转实现对全天空的拍摄,通过相应的拼图算法得到全天空图像.与当前国内外研究工作普遍使用的广角鱼眼镜头相比较,这种方式可以避免鱼眼镜头造成的畸变.因此,用这种全天空图像获取方式进行云的自动观测是可行的.     

中国风蚀起沙研究进展

风蚀起沙是开展沙尘气溶胶和沙尘天气研究的基本问题.从风蚀起沙的机制、粒子运动形态、起沙条件、沙尘通量等几个方面,回顾了我国在风蚀起沙方面的主要研究结果,对开展这方面研究的难点问题开展讨论.介绍了计算临界摩擦速度的不同方法,并对不同研究者在不同地点观测到的临界摩擦速度进行比较.针对提高观测精度和观测研究结果的可比较性问题,提出了三点建议:一是要建立比较详细的地理、地貌和土壤信息系统;二是要利用卫星观测的优势,建立地面对比观测系统,标校卫星遥感结果;三是要规范观测方法和流程,充分利用业务化的观测资料,提高观测的可对比性.     

《新一代天气雷达灾害性天气警报和临近预报系统》应用

主要介绍河南省气象台2007年引进中国气象科学研究院研制的<新一代天气雷达灾害性天气警报和临近预报系统>的结构和产品,本地化参数设置和资料传输处理,以及在2007年汛期的业务使用情况.该系统充分利用新一代天气雷达基数据,除了可以显示常用产品外,还生成"逆风区识别"、"中气旋识别"、"暴雨回波识别"、"飑线识别"、"风暴识别"、"强冰雹识别"以及1到3小时"降水临近预报"、"回波外推预报"和"雷达雨量计联合估测降水"、"定量估测降水集成"等一系列业务应用产品,在强对流天气监测与预警中具有明显的指导和预警作用,是实际业务工作中不可缺少的工具之一.     

两次大暴雨的新一代雷达产品和闪电特征分析

应用新一代雷达产品、闪电监测定位资料等对2007年河南省郑州、信阳两次突发大暴雨过程进行了对比分析。结果表明:高空冷涡后部的冷空气和副热带高压西北侧的暖湿气流在信阳地区交绥是信阳暴雨产生的主要原因,锋前暖区暖平流使地面出现热低压产生辐合,从而激发局地强对流是郑州暴雨产生的主要原因;地面冷锋是两次突发暴雨的触发机制,信阳、郑州均处于中尺度辐合线上强辐合上升运动处。从闪电参数看,信阳暴雨过程全部为负闪,郑州暴雨过程正闪比例为39%,且闪电总频次明显高于信阳。郑州暴雨是由快速发展的块状单体回波造成,信阳暴雨是由混合降水回波持续造成。新一代雷达平均径向速度特征对突发暴雨有很好的指示意义,分析径向速度图对提前发布暴雨预警信号有一定的参考价值。     

焦作市旅游景区最低气温预报方法

利用2007年10月-2008年9月ECMWF资料和设立在4个景区(修武县的云台山、青龙峡,博爱县的青天河,沁阳市的神农山)的四要素气象站采集的气温数据,以及焦作市、修武县、博爱县、沁阳市4个观测站的气温数据,应用温度方程理论,建立焦作市、修武县、博爱县和沁阳市的站点最低气温预报方程,再根据景区内最低气温与所在县(市)局观测站的逐月气温距平,利用二次迭代法修正最低气温预报方程,从而得出4个景区的最低气温预报方法.方程的预报结果与实际值误差绝对值都在3.0 ℃以内,平均误差为0.9 ℃.     

一次豫北春季强对流暴雨过程的螺旋度分析

利用中尺度有限区域WRF模式输出的细网格资料和多普勒雷达观测资料,根据螺旋度理论,结合稳定度条件以及水汽和能量等物理量,对2009年3月20日夜至21日凌晨发生在豫北的一次强对流及暴雨过程的局地螺旋度演变进行诊断分析。结果表明,这次春季强对流和暴雨与西南急流和高温高湿不稳定能量密切相关,正螺旋度大值中心出现的高度与对流发展的强弱有关;500 hPa螺旋度正值区中心与强对流降水区域对应;暴雨易产生在850 hPa螺旋度中心附近,螺旋度的强度变化对强对流系统的移动、发展及暴雨的发生有一定的指示意义。