Correlations between heavy metals and organic carbon extracted by dry oxidation procedure in urban roadside soils

The organic fraction in soils has a significant influence on heavy metal transport. In this study, the organic carbon content was measured by dry oxidation procedure from 21 Xuzhou urban roadside soils to assess the relationships between the concentrations of heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cr) and the amount of organic carbon. The anthropogenic heavy metals (e.g. Pb, Cu, Zn) were strongly correlated with organic carbon (denoted by C_org−c) extracted by dry oxidation while natural heavy metal (e.g. Cr) showed no correlation to the C_org−c. The anthropogenic heavy metals were also strongly correlated with the amount of the total carbon. These results show that the anthropogenic heavy metals are mainly enriched in the organic matter in the Xuzhou urban roadside soils.     

玉米素和水杨酸对雨生红球藻(Haematococcus pluvialis)生长及虾青素积累的影响

虾青素是一种具有强抗氧化活性的类胡萝卜素,而雨生红球藻是天然虾青素的主要来源。本文以雨生红球藻(Haematococcus pluvialis)为材料,研究了植物激素玉米素和水杨酸对雨生红球藻的生长、虾青素含量及相关基因表达的影响。分别添加5种浓度的玉米素或水杨酸,结果发现0.05mg/L玉米素或25mg/L水杨酸处理5d后雨生红球藻虾青素积累最多。该浓度玉米素或水杨酸可显著提高光胁迫下藻细胞密度,最高分别达到3.4×10~5cell/mL和3.0×10~5cell/mL;同时玉米素与水杨酸组中虾青素含量显著上升,分别为1.7%和1.6%,比对照组分别增加29.2%和25.6%。玉米素缓解了高光逆境条件下光合作用基因——Rubisco大亚基(rbcL)及其活化酶(rca)、碳酸酐酶(ca)的下调表达,但对虾青素合成途径β-胡萝卜素酮化酶基因(bkt)的表达量没有显著影响;而水杨酸则相反,在胁迫后期不能缓解光合作用相关基因的下调表达,但可使bkt基因显著上调,最高可达对照组的2.5倍。本研究首次比较了玉米素和水杨酸对雨生红球藻生长和虾青素积累的影响,发现玉米素比水杨酸具有更好的促进雨生红球藻中虾青素积累的效果。     

Enzymatic hydrolysis of defatted mackerel protein with low bitter taste

Ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction was confirmed as a novel,effective method for separating lipid from mackerel pro-tein,resulting in a degreasing rate (DR) of 95% and a nitrogen recovery (NR) of 88.6%.To obtain protein hydrolysates with high ni-trogen recovery and low bitter taste,enzymatic hydrolysis was performed using eight commercially available proteases.It turned out that the optimum enzyme was the ‘Mixed enzymes for animal proteolysis’.An enzyme dosage of 4%,a temperature of 50℃,and a hydrolysis time of 300 min were found to be the optimum conditions to obtain high NR (84.28%) and degree of hydrolysis (DH,16.18%) by orthogonal experiments.Glutamic acid was the most abundant amino acid of MDP (defatted mackerel protein) and MDPH (defatted mackerel protein hydrolysates).Compared with the FAO/WHO reference protein,the essential amino acid chemical scores (CS) were greater than 1.0 (1.0 1.7) in MDPH,which is reflective of high nutritional value.This,coupled with the light color and slight fishy odor,indicates that MDPH would potentially have a wide range of applications such as nutritional additives,functional ingredients,and so on.     

日照茶树种植区表层土壤营养元素地球化学特征分析

对土壤中的营养元素进行分析,对于茶树种植及宜种性评价意义深远。该研究主要是利用1 km×1 km表层土壤采样数据,借助地统计学和GIS技术对日照茶树种植区表层土壤中主要营养元素的地球化学特征进行分析。结果表明,研究区N,P,K2O,S含量相对较丰富,而其他营养元素相对较贫乏;营养元素富集区大致以西湖、秦楼、岚山头3个镇为顶点呈三角分布。     

Underwater image enhancement based on the dark channel prior and attenuation compensation

Aimed at the two problems of underwater imaging, fog effect and color cast, an Improved Segmentation Dark Channel Prior (ISDCP) defogging method is proposed to solve the fog effects caused by physical properties of water. Due to mass refraction of light in the process of underwater imaging, fog effects would lead to image blurring. And color cast is closely related to different degree of attenuation while light with different wavelengths is traveling in water. The proposed method here integrates the ISDCP and quantitative histogram stretching techniques into the image enhancement procedure. Firstly, the threshold value is set during the refinement process of the transmission maps to identify the original mismatching, and to conduct the differentiated defogging process further. Secondly, a method of judging the propagating distance of light is adopted to get the attenuation degree of energy during the propagation underwater. Finally, the image histogram is stretched quantitatively in Red-Green-Blue channel respectively according to the degree of attenuation in each color channel. The proposed method ISDCP can reduce the computational complexity and improve the efficiency in terms of defogging effect to meet the real-time requirements. Qualitative and quantitative comparison for several different underwater scenes reveals that the proposed method can significantly improve the visibility compared with previous methods.     

近百年全球气温变化及其趋势预测

利用墨西哥帽小波函数分析了近百年来全球气温的变化特征,并用气温距平序列的5a滑动平均计算了信噪比(S/N),验证了气候突变点的位置,同时,利用人工神经网络对全球气温变化趋势进行了的预测.结果表明,在不同的时间尺度上气温变化具有不同的特点及突变点;目前全球气温处于偏高阶段,且有持续偏高的趋势.     

斜方蓝辉铜矿在我国的发现及其微结构

作者在我国福建省上杭紫金山铜矿中发现了一种具有页片构造的Ｃｕ－Ｓ矿物。其基质相的化学式可表示为Ｃｕ１．７５６Ｓ,与１９６９年在日本发现的斜方蓝辉铜矿的化学式一致,这是该矿物在我国的首次发现;该矿物页片相的化学式可表示为Ｃｕ１．６８４Ｓ,是笔者未曾描述过的一种新的Ｃｕ－Ｓ矿物相,该矿物基质相和页片相混合的Ｘ射线衍射图谱上的绝大多数峰与合成斜方蓝辉铜矿的衍射峰可对应。由此,笔者认为上述成分略有差异的连     

江苏固城湖流域1951-2000年农业非点源氮、磷输移的数值模拟研究

选择位于长江下游的固城湖流域作为研究区域,基于分布式流域水文模型SWAT,采用数值模拟的手段,反演了1951～2000年流域农业非点源氮、磷的输移规律。模拟结果与实测值的一致性反映了模型的良好模拟能力。比较两个时段的模拟结果发现,1981～2000年,流域农业非点源氮、磷年平均浓度和输移量分别为:总氮0.82mg/L和411.88×103kg/a,总磷0.084mg/L和43.04×103kg/a;远高于1951～1960年的氮、磷年平均浓度和输移量分别为:总氮0.22mg/L和49.55×103kg/a,总磷0.036mg/L和7.67×103kg/a。模拟主要反映了流域下垫面条件和农作物耕作模式对农业非点源氮、磷浓度及输移量的影响。     

加权最小范数平差的伪观测解法

首先证明了加权最小范数平差一般解的一个重要性质，由此提出了利用附加的观测值来求解加权最小范数平差问题的方法，并证明了该法与利用一般解法等价性的充要条件。