Application of EDA technology and μClinux operating system in the earthquake precursor instruments

Using Altera's Quartus Ⅱ, Nios Ⅱ IDE and Sopc Builder development tools, the proton precession magnetometer principle host hardware platform is designed in a cyclone Ⅱ series FPGA chip (EP2C35). The proton precession magnetometer principle host core circuit's single-chip system-logic design is achieved by building and configuring the Nios Ⅱ soft-core processor, developing the IO interface and sensor control circuits, programming some hardware units' VHDL code, for example the equal precision cymometer and the DPLL. Through researching the embedded operating system configuration technology and building the NIOS Ⅱ soft-core processor's μClinux cross-compile environment, the μClinux system is transplanted to the NIOS Ⅱ environment. Another important task is writing the device drivers' and user programs' code. Through these work, the design realize the host function and achieve the expected target.

     

山地等价雨量

提出山地等价雨量概念和计算方法,以达到滑坡泥石流预警指标借用国家暴雨预警标准的目的.在对国家与中国西部山地的暴雨标准进行对比后得到国家标准刚好是山地标准的2倍;由大多数滑坡泥石流灾害发生在海拔高度1300m地带的事实,让高斯分布描述二者关系成为可行的选择;气象与国土部门流行的潜势雨量对滑坡泥石流潜势作用计算式,促成了山地等价雨量计算式的最终形成.通过对平原、山地、高原等不同环境的模拟评测试验和实况抽样检验,山地等价雨量公式能够达到预想设计效果.现在山地等价雨量公式已经用于滑坡泥石流预警分析图网站自动化发布,其运行效果尚需进一步在实践中加以验证.     

河北省沙尘暴时空分布特征及其防治对策研究

该文分析河北省沙尘暴的气候特征 ,并探讨其成因 ,研究结果表明 ,坝上地区是河北省沙尘暴的多发区 ,干旱多大风的春季是发生沙尘暴天气最多的季节。最后提出了以植树种草为核心内容的综合防治对策。     

像元与对象特征融合的高分辨率遥感影像道路中心线提取

提出了一种融合像元-多尺度对象级特征的高分辨率遥感影像道路中心线提取方法。首先在像素级上提取影像的纹理和形状结构特征,在构建的多尺度分割集影像上提取对象的区域光谱特征。然后,将像元级特征与多尺度对象特征进行决策级融合,完成道路网的粗提取。最后,结合本文所提出的非道路区域自动去除算法和张量投票算法,实现道路中心线的精提取。不同场景、不同分辨率数据下开展的试验结果表明,该方法可有效改善传统道路提取方法易产生的"盐噪声"和非道路地物粘连现象。     

基于人口学特征的犯罪者行为时空倾向——以长春市南关区为例

聚焦犯罪者视角,基于2010—2016年长春市南关区扒窃犯罪案件数据,运用logit模型揭示犯罪者人口学特征与其行为倾向的关系。实证研究表明：① 相近人口学特征犯罪者具有在相同特定的时间和城市区域实施犯罪行为的倾向和趋势。性别、年龄、教育程度、是否存在前科劣迹和户籍地依次对犯罪者的行为的时间与空间倾向带来了某些特定的影响;② 长春市南关区扒窃犯罪中,男性犯罪者具有在城市道路犯罪的地点倾向和夏季、秋季犯罪的时间倾向,女性犯罪者具有在人口热力值高犯罪的地点倾向和在10~21时犯罪的时间倾向,年长犯罪者呈现在商业、公服设施、道路犯罪的地点倾向和休息日、4~15时犯罪的时间倾向;③ 本地户籍犯罪者具有在商业、公服设施、道路犯罪的地点偏好,有前科的犯罪者有在人口热力高、10~21时犯罪的偏好。     

阿尼玛卿山地区超基性岩带铜矿成矿特征和找矿预测

阿尼玛卿山地区是我省铜矿重要成矿带之一。本文阐述了区内超基性岩带与铜矿成矿特征及找矿标志,对矿床成因进行了探讨;认为本区位于古特提斯海北缘俯冲带中的蛇绿混杂岩带内,代表了古板块的缝合线,超镁铁质岩、具堆晶特征的辉长岩、玄武岩等具有蛇绿岩的特征,是构造冷侵位产物;确定了两个含矿层序,划分了两种成矿类型:一种产在蛇绿岩组合下部的超基性岩中,如德尔尼铜钴矿床,另一种产在蛇绿岩组合上部层序的火山岩及火山碎屑岩中,如牧羊山铜矿;介绍了成矿预测区地质、矿(化)体及物探异常主要特征,指出了测区中最佳找矿地段,明确了在该地区普查找矿的方向。     

Intercomparison and analyses of the climatology of the West African Monsoon in the West African Monsoon Modeling and Evaluation project (WAMME) first model intercomparison experiment

This paper briefly presents the West African Monsoon (WAM) Modeling and Evaluation Project (WAMME) and evaluates WAMME general circulation models’ (GCM) performances in simulating variability of WAM precipitation, surface temperature, and major circulation features at seasonal and intraseasonal scales in the first WAMME experiment. The analyses indicate that models with specified sea surface temperature generally have reasonable simulations of the pattern of spatial distribution of WAM seasonal mean precipitation and surface temperature as well as the averaged zonal wind in latitude-height cross-section and low level circulation. But there are large differences among models in simulating spatial correlation, intensity, and variance of precipitation compared with observations. Furthermore, the majority of models fail to produce proper intensities of the African Easterly Jet (AEJ) and the tropical easterly jet. AMMA Land Surface Model Intercomparison Project (ALMIP) data are used to analyze the association between simulated surface processes and the WAM and to investigate the WAM mechanism. It has been identified that the spatial distributions of surface sensible heat flux, surface temperature, and moisture convergence are closely associated with the simulated spatial distribution of precipitation; while surface latent heat flux is closely associated with the AEJ and contributes to divergence in AEJ simulation. Common empirical orthogonal functions (CEOF) analysis is applied to characterize the WAM precipitation evolution and has identified a major WAM precipitation mode and two temperature modes (Sahara mode and Sahel mode). Results indicate that the WAMME models produce reasonable temporal evolutions of major CEOF modes but have deficiencies/uncertainties in producing variances explained by major modes. Furthermore, the CEOF analysis shows that WAM precipitation evolution is closely related to the enhanced Sahara mode and the weakened Sahel mode, supporting the evidence revealed in the analysis using ALMIP data. An analysis of variability of CEOF modes suggests that the Sahara mode leads the WAM evolution, and divergence in simulating this mode contributes to discrepancies in the precipitation simulation.     

面向预报员的精细化数值预报产品应用培训需求研究

伴随高分辨率数值预报、集合预报和人工智能等关键技术的发展,现代气象预报业务已进入精细化、无缝隙、数字化的智能网格预报时代。为提升广大预报员对数值预报的应用水平,提高预报服务综合效果,从精细化网格预报业务发展对预报员能力素养的新要求和预报员能力现状两方面开展数值预报应用的培训需求研究。结果显示,预报员在综合运用多源资料提升精细化数值预报应用水平方面具有迫切培训需求,在培训数值预报技术进展、产品特点、应用方法的基础上,培训需求呈现出向研究型业务和针对性服务发展的趋势。从数值预报应用培训的内容来看,最大培训需求集中在数值预报新技术原理、产品精细化评估和订正、多源资料综合应用策略三个方面。对预报员分层次进行分析,显示新预报员需求较广泛,相对侧重数值预报基础应用,骨干预报员侧重预报产品评估和订正方法等实用技术,首席预报员相对侧重研究性。最后对开发面向预报员的分层分类数值预报应用培训课程提出了建议,为教学策划和课程设计提供参考。     

新疆东天山康古尔塔格金矿带研究

通过矿床地质和Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ法，Ｕ－Ｐｂ法，＾４０Ａｒ－＾３９Ａｒ法，Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ法生代学及氢，氧，硫，碳，锶，铅等稳定同位素与流体包裹体研究，查明东天康古尔塔格金矿带中浅成低温热液型金矿，韧性剪切带蚀变岩型金矿及花岗岩有关的石英脉型金矿三者大地构造背景相同，成矿时代一致。成矿物质来源相似，流体包裹体成分类同，属同一成矿系列，三者之间主要是成矿地质环境不尽相同，成矿元素组合有差异，控矿构造不同，反映成矿     

Effects of rising temperature on growth and energy budget of juvenile Eogammarus possjeticus(Amphipoda:Anisogammaridae)

Growth and energy budget of marine amphipod juvenile Eogammarus possjeticus at different temperatures(20°C,24°C, 26°C, 28°C, 30°C, 32°C and 34°C) were investigated in this study. The results showed that the cumulative mortality rate increased significantly with rising temperature(p0.01), and exceeded 50% after 24 h when temperature was above 30°C. With the temperature increasing from 20°C to 26°C, the ingestion rate and absorption rate increased, but decreased significantly above 28°C(p0.01), indicating a decline in feeding ability at high temperatures. The specific growth rate increased with rising temperature, but decreased significantly(p0.01) after reaching the maximum value at 24°C. Similarly, the oxygen consumption and ammonia emission rates also showed a trend of first increase and then decrease. However, the O:N ratio decreased first and then increased with rising temperature, indicating that the energy demand of E. possjeticus juvenile transferred from metabolism of carbohydrate and lipid to protein. In the energy distribution of amphipods, the proportion of each energy is different. With rising temperature, the ratio of the energy deposited for growth accounted for ingested gross energy showing a trend of decrease, while the energy lost to respiration, ammonia excretion, and feces accounted for ingested gross energy being showed a trend of increase. It seemed that rising temperature increased the metabolism and energy consumption of the amphipods and, meanwhile, decreased the energy used for growth, which may be an important reason for the slow growth and small body size of the amphipods during the summer high-temperature period.