三工河径流系列重建及未来趋势预测

新疆三工河流域位于天山北麓中段东部 ,发源于博格达峰西北侧 ,著名的高山湖泊、国家级风景区—天池位于该河中游 ,下游是阜康市。对三工河径流量的研究 ,对于保持天池足够的蓄水量及当地环境和资源的开发利用都是非常重要的。但该河仅有短期不连续的径流实测资料 ,且测站断面迁移频繁 ,因而有多种径流估算值。应用Linest函数 ,对影响径流的因子进行筛选 ,重建了三工河 196 1年至 1999年径流系列 ,据此计算三工河多年平均径流量为 0 .6 16× 10 8m3 ,Cv值 0 .10 3。用方差分析法对径流的未来变化趋势作了初步预测 ,为正确评估当地水资源承载能力 ,保持水资源的可持续利用 ,尤其是目前有争议的地下水资源的评估和合理开发提供了定量依据。     

皖南地区加里东运动构造特征

前人认为皖南地区加里东运动仅表现为抬升造陆运动.文中从构造运动不整合接触关系证据、盖层构造、劈理及变形变质程度,以及古构造应力场特征等方面开展研究.于皖南地区多处发现了上泥盆统与下伏志留系呈角度不整合接触,表明了区内发育加里东褶皱.通过区域地质调查和构造解剖,揭示了区内复式褶皱为加里东和印支两期褶皱叠加的产物.其中,加里东期构造样式主要为区域性开阔褶皱,规模巨大,其轴迹呈北东东向或近东西向延伸,然而,印支期构造样式为线性中常褶皱,规模较小,其轴迹主要呈北东向展布.应用赤平极射投影法对研究区内的褶皱轴面产状、劈理产状要素进行统计分析,结果显示发育加里东期、印支期等多期变形构造;并利用该法求得褶皱两翼优势产状,应用数学计算法计算出区内3期构造应力场特征值,显示华南地块自南而北向扬子地块俯冲挤压的陆内造山动力学过程.早古生代盖层造山属性为陆内造山.区内加里东期褶皱构造属性的厘定和深入研究,对区域构造格架的建立具有重要意义.     

辽河坳陷清水洼陷沙三段页岩气富集条件

受构造作用控制,辽河西部凹陷清水洼陷沙三段页岩沉降-沉积中心发生由北西向南东方向的明显迁移,表现为欠补偿沉积的半深湖-深湖相同步迁移。从湖盆中心向陆方向,清水洼陷沙三段沉积时期主要发育了深湖-半深湖-浅湖-扇三角洲等沉积类型,对应形成了从Ⅰ、Ⅱ到Ⅲ型的干酪根分布。与此对应,页岩中的石英、长石等脆性矿物含量递次增多,而黏土矿物含量逐渐减少,反映为沉积相对页岩有机地球化学条件和矿物成分的控制作用。在深大断裂控制下,页岩沉积剖面表现为向西减薄的楔形,TOC从中心处的最大值向外逐渐降低,成熟度R_o介于0.5%~2.0%,为页岩油气的形成提供了有利的富集条件。在现今埋深状态下,洼陷区页岩一般处于热成熟生油阶段,埋深较大的局部地区可达高成熟阶段,进入页岩气为主状态,形成“下气上油”的生烃格局。沙三段页岩主要处于中成岩阶段B期,出现了大量定向排列的片状伊利石。在4 000 m以深的页岩中,伊蒙混层比小于15%,发育了多种孔隙类型,伴生黄铁矿和伊利石等黏土矿物,孔隙度一般为0.7%~3.5%,8~35 nm的页岩孔隙直径所占体积最大。高精度含气量解析结果表明,双兴1井沙三段页岩含气量为1.6~5.44 m³/t,随着页岩储层成岩裂缝增加,页岩含气量不断增加。总含气量、吸附含气量与TOC具有很好的相关性,但总含气量增加速度较吸附气增量速度更大,这与有机质生油气产物关系密切,与溶解态天然气的存在也不无关系。有机质类型多样、油气共生、含气量较大且下气上油,形成了辽河清水洼陷特色的页岩气富集模式。     

Early Cretaceous Adakitic Rocks in the Northern Great Xing’an Range, NE China: Implications for the Final Closure of Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean and Regional Extensional Setting

A large amount of igneous rocks in NE China formed in an extensional setting during Late Mesozoic. However, there is still controversy about how the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean and the Paleo-Pacific Ocean effected the lithosphere in NE China. In this paper, we carried out a comprehensive study for andesites from the Keyihe area using LA-ICP-MS zircon UPb dating and geochemical and Hf isotopic analysis to investigate the petrogenesis and tectonic setting of these andesites. The U-Pb dating yields an Early Cretaceous crystallization age of 128.3±0.4 Ma. Geochemically, the andesites contain high Sr(686–930 ppm) and HREE contents, low Y(11.9–19.8 ppm) and Yb(1.08–1.52 ppm) contents, and they therefore have high Sr/Y(42–63) and La/Yb(24–36) ratios, showing the characteristics of adakitic rocks. Moreover, they exhibit high K_2O/Na_2O ratios(0.57–0.81), low Mg O contents(0.77–3.06 wt%), low Mg# value(17–49) and negative εHf(t) values(-1.7 to-8.5) with no negative Eu anomalies, indicating that they are not related to the oceanic plate subduction. Based on the geochemical and isotopic data provided in this paper and regional geological data, it can be concluded that the Keyihe adakitic rocks were affected by the Mongol-Okhotsk tectonic regime, forming in a transition setting from crustal thickening to regional extension thinning. They were derived from the partial melting of the thickened lower crust. The closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean may finish in early Early Cretaceous, followed by the collisional orogenic process. The southern part region of its suture belt was in a post-orogenic extensional setting in the late Early Cretaceous.     

Structural Evolution of Chepaizi Uplift and its Control on Stratigraphic Deposition in the Western Junggar Basin,China

Geological mapping, interpreted cross sections, structural analyses and residual thickness maps were used to characterize the evolution of stress setting, structure and stratigraphic distribution of the Chepaizi Uplift, which is a NW-SE trending structure located in the Western Junggar Basin. The NS-trending faults show an important transpressional phase during the Late Permian, as demonstrated by tectonic stress field and stratigraphic thickness variations. A major compressional thrusting and strike-slip phase during the Late Jurassic created a series of NW-SE faults that originated by the large-scale uplift event in the Northern Tianshan. Faults were reactivated as thrust and dextral strike-slip faults. In addition, the angular unconformity observed between Jurassic and Cretaceous provide evidence of this tectonic event. Lots of normal faults indicate that the area records southward tilting and regional derived extensional stress that took place during the Neogene. Before that, thick Early Cenozoic strata are widely deposited. The balanced cross-section highlights the evolution of stress setting and stratigraphic distribution of the Chepaizi Uplift.     

中国钾盐矿产预测评价模型和资源潜力分析

为摸清全国钾盐矿资源家底,制定科学合理的经济产业政策,依据全国矿产资源潜力评价数据和成果,系统地开展了中国钾盐矿成矿特征研究和资源潜力评价。研究和评价结果显示,中国钾盐矿已发现的矿产资源以第四纪盐湖型钾盐矿为主,成矿时代以第四纪为主。钾盐矿主要分布在西部大型新生代陆相成盐盆地,在空间上可划分为12个Ⅲ级成矿区带。在典型矿床、区域成矿要素和预测要素研究的基础上,归纳总结了第四纪盐湖型、深藏地下卤水型、碎屑岩型、碳酸盐岩型4类钾盐矿的预测评价模型特征。以成矿系列理论为指导,采用矿床模型综合地质信息预测方法,共圈定钾盐矿最小预测区320个,归并圈定了42个3级预测区,并对各预测区进行了定量预测评价,6000m以浅钾盐矿预测资源量计32.63×10~8t(KCl),其中500m以浅钾盐矿预测资源量计15.10×10~8t。分析结果显示,全国以柴达木盆地及北缘钾盐成矿带和塔里木盆地钾盐矿成矿带预测资源量较大,预测资源量主要为第四纪盐湖型和深藏地下卤水型。潜力预测工作较全面地反映了当前的钾盐矿床地质和勘查信息资料水平,对指导钾盐矿地质找矿工作具有重要意义。     

物化探综合信息找矿方法在萤石矿找矿中的应用

福建光泽地区是闽北地区重要的萤石矿成矿远景区,具有寻找隐伏—半隐伏萤石矿的潜力,但是目前该区隐伏—半隐伏萤石矿找矿成果较少。通过对福建光泽地区I号萤石矿预测区开展物化探综合信息找矿方法应用,探讨物化探综合信息找矿方法在隐伏—半隐伏萤石矿找矿中的应用效果。结果表明: 区域水系沉积物测量和大比例尺化探剖面测量圈出的F、Ca等综合异常信息可协助筛选、确定萤石矿找矿目标区; 将高精度磁法测量与视电阻率联合剖面测量相结合,可进一步判断萤石矿控矿构造的位置和规模; 高密度电阻率法测量可协助确定控矿构造的深部延伸情况。地表检查和深部钻探验证表明: 区域化探、高精度磁法测量、视电阻率联合剖面测量和高密度电阻率法测量等物化探综合信息找矿方法组合,可指导隐伏—半隐伏萤石矿的找矿工作。     

诗歌中物候记录的基本特征及用于历史气候重建的处理方法

历史物候记录对过去气候变化研究弥足珍贵。诗歌作为历史文献的重要体裁之一,其中的历史物候记录已得到了一定程度的整编和利用。但对诗歌物候记录的特征和处理方法仍缺乏系统的梳理和探讨。本文首先介绍了诗歌中物候记录的内容、特征及其在季节指示和反映农时中的应用,发现诗歌中的物候记录主要包括动物物候、植物物候和周期性气象、水文现象等3种,并呈现出距今越近,经济、社会越发达,记录越多的时空特点。然后,从物候记录筛选、物种鉴别、物候事件发生时间识别、物候期确定等方面总结了历史气候研究中诗歌物候记录的处理方法：①从诗歌的创作背景、文学成分、地理环境分异规律和人为影响等几个方面进行筛选,以保证其中物候记录的有效性;②区分古今动、植物名差异,并将物种鉴定到种;③针对年、月、日缺记的不同情况,依据物候规律和背景资料确定物候事件的发生时间;④根据现代物候观测标准,对诗歌中的文字描述进行归类定级,确定所包含的物候期。以期为诗歌物候记录的提取及其在历史气候研究中的应用提供理论和方法上的借鉴。     

鲁中隆起区稀土矿成矿地质特征及找矿前景分析

鲁中隆起区位于沂沭断裂带西侧,区内与稀土成矿有关的岩浆岩和断裂构造发育,圈定多处放射性异常,La、Y等地球化学异常和独居石、钍石等重砂异常,具有较好的稀土矿成矿地质条件。区内已发现稀土矿床（点）6处,矿化点10处,显示了较大的找矿潜力。区内稀土矿成矿类型主要为岩浆热液型,典型稀土矿为郗山稀土矿;有些矿化点成矿类型为伟晶岩型和冲洪积型。成矿期主要为中生代白垩纪,有些矿化点成矿期为新太古代、中奥陶纪和第四纪。区内内生稀土矿主要控矿因素为与稀土矿成因相关的岩浆岩和构造。与稀土矿成因相关的岩浆岩主要为中生代的郗山、沙沟、关帝庙、鹿野、腰关、崔家沟、东马山单元和古生代常马庄单元。本文总结了区内稀土矿成矿规律,划分成矿远景区3个;划分找矿靶区11个,分析了今后区内找矿方向和工作方法,以期实现稀土矿成矿新突破。     

Chronostratigraphic Subdivision and Correlation of the Permian in China

Since the principle of multiple stratigraphic classification has been widely accepted by Chinese stratigraphers, various new Permian chronostratigraphic units have been proposed in China, and they need to be redefined. The establishment of a new global chronostratigraphic scheme of the Permian, compilation of Permian lithostratigraphic units and updating of Permian biostratigraphic sequences of China makes it possible to present a revised regional chronostratigraphic succession for the Permian System in China. This succession consists of three series and eight stages. The Chuanshanian Series includes two stages, the Zisongian and the Longlinian; the Yanghsinian (Yangxinian) Series is subdivided into the Chihsian (Qixiaan) and the Maokouan Subseries, of which the former comprises the Luodianian and the Xiangboan Stage, and the latter the Kufengian (Gufengian) and the Lengwuan Stage; the Lopingian (Lepingian) Series includes the Wuchiapingian (Wujiapingian) and the Changhsingian (Changxingian) Stage.