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31.
众所周知,ENSO(El Nino/ Southern Oscillation)是发生在热带太平洋的年际时间尺度上最强的气候信号,与 El Nino (La Nina)相应的正(负)海温距平(SSTA)主要分布于赤道中东太平洋地区(Rasmusson et al.,1982)。相对于热带太平洋的年际ENSO现象,人们注意到北太平洋海平面气压(SLP)存在更长周期的年代际变化(Trenberth et al.,1994),有人认为这与北太平洋的表层温度(SST)变化有关(Latif et al.,1994),也有人认为与热带SST的异常关系更为密切(Jacobs et al.,1994)。20世纪80年代后的ENSO事件和20世纪60,70年代有明显的差别(Wang,1995),20世纪90年后El Nino发生频数增加,并且在1997和1998年出现了20世纪最强的一次Nino事件(McPhaden,1999)。
因此,不论是作为大气年代际变化可能的一个驱动因子,还是作为年际ENSO的背景场,从整体上了解太平洋SST的年代际时间尺度上的时、空变化特征都是十分重要的。 相似文献
32.
Quantity, timing, duration, and fluctuation of freshwater inflow are important factors affecting the development and health of aquatic and adjacent wetland ecosystems in coastal estuaries. This study assessed six decades of freshwater inflow from the Amite River, Tickfaw River, and Tangipahoa River watersheds to Lake Pontchartrain, a large oligohaline estuary in the Northern Gulf of Mexico, whose flood waters caused recent damage to the city of New Orleans in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. By utilizing the long-term (1940–2002) river discharge and climatic data from the three major tributary watersheds, monthly and annual freshwater inflows have been quantified and their spatial and temporal variations have been analyzed. On average, the three rivers discharged (±standard error) 0.27 ± 0.04 km3 freshwater monthly and 3.29 ± 0.15 km3 freshwater annually into the lake estuarine system, with the highest inflow from the Amite River (0.16 ± 0.03 m3 mon−1, and 1.91 ± 0.09 km3 yr−1) and the lowest inflow from the Tickfaw River (0.03 ± 0.00 km3 mon−1, and 0.34 ± 0.02 km3 yr−1). A distinct seasonality was evident with over 69% of the total annual inflow occurring during December and May (wet months) and with a low flow period from August to November (dry months). The monthly inflow during the wet months was positively correlated with the monthly precipitation (r2 = 0.64), while the monthly inflow during the dry months was subject to evapotranspiration. Furthermore, the study found a 20-year low flow period from 1954–1973 (2.76 ± 0.24 km3 yr−1) and a 24-year high flow period from 1975–1998 (3.84 ± 0.24 km3 yr−1), coinciding with both the climate variation and population growth in the watersheds. 相似文献
33.
以松辽盆地地质资料为基础,介绍了应力场和张裂缝预测的计算方法。通过了各种岩性的张破裂概率隶属函数,预测松辽盆地酉部张裂缝区的分布。据此,为今后的油气勘探提出了几点认识和建议。 相似文献
34.
对类比路段进行连续模拟试验,进行现场调查,给出汽车尾气主要污染物的排污强度,预测了汽车尾气中CO、C_nH_m和NO_x的扩散范围。 相似文献
35.
Discussion on Coastal Erosion Near Xizhuang, Penglai, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Wu Guiqiu Li Wei Professor First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao Associate Researcher 《中国海洋工程》1994,(2)
-In this work, on the basis of the characteristics of coastal erosion near Xizhuang (Penglai, Shandong, China) and the in-situ measured data and theoretical calculation, the causes of coastal erosion there are obtained: (1) natural erosion, (2) beach sand borrowing, and (3) sand borrowing at the Dengzhou shoal near Xizhuang, which results in the loss of the function of the wave force resistance of the shoal. Since the wave energy is increased, the longshore sediment transport rate is increased. Coastal erosions are more and more serious. A scientific basis to reduced the calamity of coastal erosion in local area is presented. Some experiences are accumulated for studying coastal erosion. 相似文献
36.
37.
In this paper, the morphogenesis, stratigraphic sequences and dates of the coral reefs in the middle and north parts of the South China Sea are discussed, the position of the distributary regions of Cenozoic coral reefs in plate tectonics, the relationships of coral-reef evolutionary characteristics and dates with sea-basin spreading. Neogene sea-water transgression and Quaternary global climate-eustatic fluctuation are expounded and proved, and the latitudinal variation of the distribution of coral reefs in various geologic times are summed up. 相似文献
38.
西沙群岛及其附近海域多毛类动物地理学的研究 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
西沙群岛及其附近海域蕴藏着极其丰富的水产资源,是我国的良好渔场之一,自古以来就是我国渔民的渔捞基地.解放以来,在党的领导下,对我国神圣领土西沙群岛进行了大规模的开发和建设.中国科学院海洋研究所和中国科学院南海海洋研究所等单位,进行了多次海洋生物资源调查,我们曾报告过113种浮游和底栖多毛类.根据1975-1976年补充调查的标本,又发现了过去未报告过的多毛类70种,截至目前西沙群岛及其附近海域的多毛类共有183种.本文根据现在掌握的资料对我国西沙群岛及其附近海域多毛类动物地理学做一初步分析. 相似文献
39.
本文报道了1990年在平湖对虾养殖场用几种药物治疗聚缩虫病所做的试验。结果表明,高锰酸钾和新洁尔灭的疗效较为显著。 相似文献
40.
A new three-dimensional, non-hydrostatic free surface flow model is presented. For simulating water wave motions over uneven bottoms, the model employs an explicit project method on a Cartesian the staggered gird system to solve the complete three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations. A bi-conjugated gradient method with a pre-conditioning procedure is used to solve the resulting matrix system. The model is capable of resolving non-hydrostatic pressure by incorporating the integral method of the top-layer pressure treatment, and predicting wave propagation and interaction over irregular bottom by including a partial bottom-cell treatment. Four examples of surface wave propagation are used to demonstrate the capability of the model. Using a small of vertical layers (e.g. 2–3 layers), it is shown that the model could effectively and accurately resolve wave shoaling, non-linearity, dispersion, fission, refraction, and diffraction phenomena. 相似文献