Geophysical Well-Log Evaluation in the Era of Unconventional Hydrocarbon Resources: A Review on Current Status and Prospects

Surveys in Geophysics - Geophysical well-log evaluation in the era of unconventional hydrocarbon resources (mainly tight oil and gas, shale oil and gas) is complicated and challenging. This review...     

工业开采诱发地震的应力降研究现状和主要科学议题

诱发地震及其灾害风险已成为非常规油气资源开发和废水回注等新型工业活动顺利实施的重要威胁。应力降是反映地震破裂前后断层上平均应力差的物理量,对诱发地震中应力降的系统研究有助于揭示诱发地震的震源特征、高频地震动特征、构造背景和地震危险性。本文系统地总结了近20年来工业开采诱发地震中应力降的相关研究进展,分别从计算所用理论方法、获得的平均应力降数值、影响应力降数值的主客观因素、围绕应力降的重要科学讨论等方面做了归纳分析。介绍了直接进行谱拟合、经验格林函数(EGF)、谱叠加和广义反演3种适用性的计算方法,通过案例考察了工业开采诱发地震的应力降平均值,分析影响应力降测定数值的主客观因素,并总结应力降空间分布依赖性、与震源机制类型相依性、自相似性、深度依赖性等4个主要科学问题。同时,阐述了诱发地震应力降的测定可靠性仍未突破、主要科学问题存在广泛争议、在新型工业开采活动中具有重要应用潜力等现状。本文的总结分析可为从事新型能源开发、地震安全监管和科学研究领域的企业、管理人员和科学研究人员提供参考。     

A review of near-surface QS estimation methods using active and passive sources

Journal of Seismology - Seismic attenuation and the associated quality factor (Q) have long been studied in various sub-disciplines of seismology, ranging from observational and engineering...     

Retarding effect of concentration of cementation solution on biocementation of soil

Concentration of cementation solution (CCS) is one of the key factors influencing the cementation effect on soil improvement through the microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) process. To precipitate more calcium carbonate per treatment, a higher CCS is needed. However, the MICP process may be retarded or even terminated with an increase in CCS. This retarding effect can be a major limitation for the MICP-based soil treatment and thus needs to be understood properly. This paper presents a systematic study on the conditions causing retarding and its effect on biocementation. The test results of this study have identified that there is retarding effect of CCS on the MICP process, showing that the calcium conversion efficiency, which represents the amount of calcium that has been converted into calcium carbonate in each treatment, reduces with the increase in CCS, and the concentration of calcium is the control factor. The retarding effect will dominate increasingly when CCS is higher than 1.0 M and the amount of calcium carbonate precipitation will reduce for the given amount and type of bacteria used in this study and become zero with CCS of 2.5 M. For the same calcium carbonate content, the unconfined compressive strength is greater for sand treated using a lower CCS as the contribution to the bonding strength by the calcium carbonate generated under a lower CCS is greater than that under a higher CCS.

     

龙滩库区2017年4月20-21日降水过程人工增雨条件分析

利用Micaps常规资料、欧洲再分析资料及地面自动气象观测站数据,分析2017年4月20～21日河池市天峨县龙滩库区降水过程的人工增雨作业实施条件。结果表明:春季,当有南支槽、切变线及地面冷空气等系统配合时,能够为降雨提供充足的水汽及较好的动力抬升条件;作业点上空大气层结不稳定,中低层水汽含量丰富,利于对流云团发展和维持;云系垂直累积液态水含量在0.1mm以上,云顶温度在-45℃～-25℃之间,具备冷云增雨条件,实施增雨作业是合理的。     

“Source to Sink”: A Review of Tectonics-Erosion-Sedimentation Interactions in the Analogue Experiments of Accretionary WedgeEI北大核心CSCD

It is believed that the tectonics-erosion-sedimentation interaction in the analogue experiments was essentially improved by the theory of “from source to sink”. In particular, the widespread uplift and exhumation in the western China occurred in Cenozoic can be considered to be a typical natural laboratory in the world. Here we review our current understanding from tectonic sandbox models of tectonics-erosion-sedimentation and their interactions, as well as from natural laboratory. As we known, there are widespread erosion occurred predominantly at hinterland of the accretionary wedge, in contrast to the sedimentation occurred widely at foreland of the wedge. Therefore, fold-and-thrust belts with low syntectonic sedimentation and erosion would evolve in a self-similar fashion to produce a narrow accretionary wedge, while high syntectonic sedimentation and erosion would produce accretionary wedge with very active hinterland thrusts, and a large width. Furthermore, the critically tapered wedge model suggests that the crust-scale thrust-and-fold belts under a horizontal compressive force would come into a self-similar growth of a forward-tapering wedge when it reaches a critical taper angle of the combined angles of the base dip and the wedge slope. Such a process has important influence on the tectonics-erosion- sedimentation and their interactions both in accretionary wedges and their analogue experiments. Although there is a significant similarity between the analogue experiments and natural accretionary wedges in the surface processes of tectonics- erosion-sedimentation and their interactions, it is difficult to get more universal parameters between them. It should be noted that sandbox models of the accretionary wedges in the natural laboratory would improve significantly our understanding of the theory of the tectonics-erosion-sedimentation interactions and “from source to sink”. © 2018, Science Press. All right reserved.     

单机倾斜摄影方式的无人机航线设计

针对传统的无人机航线设计大都只考虑垂直摄影的情形,没有考虑倾斜摄影的问题,该文结合滑坡地区的具体地形,对倾斜摄影的倾角以及主光轴方位角等相关参数进行了讨论与设定,并对倾斜摄影方式下的图像重叠率进行分析与对比,从而在确定重叠率后对无人机航线设计规划进行了研究,最终通过对比同一摄区垂直摄影与倾斜摄影的拍摄结果并分析。实验结果表明,对于单位摄区面积内,垂直摄影的密度为237.15张/km2,倾斜摄影的密度为206.69张/km2,同时可以明显发现单相机倾斜摄影的方式更有利于滑坡监测。     

Groundwater Potential Mapping Using GIS-Based Hybrid Artificial Intelligence Methods

Groundwater is one of the major valuable water resources for the use of communities, agriculture, and industries. In the present study, we have developed three novel hybrid artificial intelligence (AI) models which is a combination of modified RealAdaBoost (MRAB), bagging (BA), and rotation forest (RF) ensembles with functional tree (FT) base classifier for the groundwater potential mapping (GPM) in the basaltic terrain at DakLak province, Highland Centre, Vietnam. Based on the literature survey, these proposed hybrid AI models are new and have not been used in the GPM of an area. Geospatial techniques were used and geo-hydrological data of 130 groundwater wells and 12 topographical and geo-environmental factors were used in the model studies. One-R Attribute Evaluation feature selection method was used for the selection of relevant input parameters for the development of AI models. The performance of these models was evaluated using various statistical measures including area under the receiver operation curve (AUC). Results indicated that though all the hybrid models developed in this study enhanced the goodness-of-fit and prediction accuracy, but MRAB-FT (AUC = 0.742) model outperformed RF-FT (AUC = 0.736), BA-FT (AUC = 0.714), and single FT (AUC = 0.674) models. Therefore, the MRAB-FT model can be considered as a promising AI hybrid technique for the accurate GPM. Accurate mapping of the groundwater potential zones will help in adequately recharging the aquifer for optimum use of groundwater resources by maintaining the balance between consumption and exploitation.     

Moisture–temperature changes and freeze–thaw hazards on a canal in seasonally frozen regions

Freeze–thaw action is a complex moisture–heat-mechanics interaction process, which has caused prevailing and severe damages to canals in seasonally frozen regions. Up to now, the detailed frost damage mechanism has not been well disclosed. To explore the freeze–thaw damage mechanism of the canal in cold regions, a numerical moisture–heat-mechanics model is established and corresponding computer program is written. Then, a representative canal in the northeast of China is taken as an example to simulate the freeze–thaw damage process. Meanwhile, the robustness of the numerical model and program is tested by some in situ data. Lastly, the numerical results show that there are dramatic water migration and redistribution in the seasonal freeze–thaw variation layer, causing repetitive frost heave and thaw settlement, and tension–compression stresses. Therefore, the strengths of soil are reduced after several freeze–thaw cycles. Further, the heavy denudation damage and downslope movement of the canal slope would be quite likely triggered in seasonally frozen regions. These zones should be monitored closely to ensure safe operation. As a preliminary study, the numerical model and results in this paper may be a reference for design, maintenance, and research on other canals in seasonally frozen regions.