乌兰布和沙漠东北缘地表风沙流结构特征

在国家林业局磴口荒漠生态站长期监测的基础上,利用多种积沙仪,对乌兰布和沙漠东北缘流动沙丘、油蒿半固定沙丘、白刺半固定沙丘、油蒿固定沙丘、白刺固定沙丘5种典型下垫面近地面（0～100 cm）的风沙流输沙量进行了实地观测和对比分析。结果表明：（1） 输沙率（q）随高度（h）增加呈幂函数（q=ah^-b,R²≥0.8409）规律衰减,随风速（v）增大呈幂函数（q=av^b,R²≥0.9256）规律增加,42.8%～70.7%的输沙量分布在10 cm高度内,67.6%～90.0%的输沙量分布于30 cm高度内。当地表植被盖度达到40%以上时,输沙率下降至无植被覆盖地表输沙率的6.6%以下,可有效阻止地表风蚀。（2） 沙物质主要由粒径为50～250 μm的细沙和极细沙构成,各高度层风蚀物粒度组成服从单峰态分布,峰值在100～250 μm。随高度增加,风蚀物粒径范围趋于变窄,粒径趋于更细。（3） 起沙风多出现在WSW和NW方向,占全年起沙风的53.19%。风沙流中跃移输沙、蠕移输沙的空间分布在理论上应与风向频率分布基本一致,差异性主要由各方位风的强度和持续时间等因素导致。研究结果可为该区域防沙工程设计提供理论参考。     

拉果错盐湖卤水蒸发过程中Li+富集行为的分子动力学模拟(英文)

采用分子动力学模拟,研究了西藏拉果错盐湖卤水中阴、阳离子以及水分子间的相互作用行为。以盐湖卤水等温蒸发过程中粒子浓度变化的四个阶段为研究对象,分别计算了不同体系的扩散系数、配位数、均方位移和径向分布函数。计算结果表明,液相浓度越低时,H₂O分子对各离子之间的相互作用有抑制作用,液相中离子浓度越高时,SO₄^2-易与CO₃^2-竞争Li⁺形成离子对,从而影响盐湖卤水中Li⁺的富集。本文研究结果对盐湖卤水中Li⁺的迁移行为作出了机理解释,为盐湖卤水提锂的发展奠定了理论基础。     

重庆万州盐井沟地区黄昏爪兽(爪兽科, 奇蹄目)化石新发现

黄昏爪兽（Hesperotherium）是我国早更新世代表物种之一,因发现标本稀少,其形态特征和灭绝时间是存疑的。重庆市万州区盐井沟大垭口地点发现了多件Hesperotherium化石,其中多数骨骼属首次发现,新材料增加了我们对该类动物的骨骼形态学的认识,其后肢骨骼在进化过程中较为保守,可能正是这种进化过程中的保守性导致其不能适应第四纪多变的气候环境,最终灭绝。同时通过对已知含Hesperotherium动物群的分析,认为Hesperotherium可以作为早更新世早-中期的代表物种,对应于邱占祥命名的NCMQ 1或欧洲的维拉方中-晚期。

     

北京市长安街沿线的扒窃案件高发区分析及防控对策

本文利用空间分析方法,对北京市长安街沿线的扒窃类案件的空间分布特征进行了研究。首先分析了长安街沿线的犯罪分布状况,发现该长安街沿线共存在3个异常明显的犯罪高发区域,分别对应于西单商业圈(A)、建国门路段(B)和大望路—四惠路段(C),通过将长安街沿线的常住人口与兴趣点(Point of Interest, POI)分布进行比较,发现案件与POI密度较高的区域存在较高的相关性。随后,利用核密度估计方法和时空热点矩阵方法分析了3个异常明显的案件高发区域内的犯罪活动时空分布模式,结果表明：高发区域A的犯罪高发时段为上午10时至下午18时,其中峰值出现在正午12时,犯罪活动主要集中在区域内的一些大型购物场所内;高发区域B和C的犯罪高发时间均为上午6时和下午18时前后,与早晚交通高峰时间比较一致,犯罪活动主要集中在区域内比较重要的公共交通站点附近。最后,根据长安街沿线案件高发区域内犯罪活动的时空规律性特征,提出了犯罪防控措施与建议。     

沙地果树节水渗灌技术的试验研究

果树渗灌是灌溉水通过特殊的透性材料持续缓慢地渗入并浸润土壤，借助土壤毛管水运动原理向果树根系供水。干旱地区沙地渗灌能有效地减少地表蒸发、避免无效渗漏造成的水分损失，提高灌溉水利用率，从而达到节水的目的。在沙地果园采用节水渗灌技术，比传统的大水漫灌和沟灌方式分别节水８３．１％和６３．１％。     

SRG剖分编码与地理坐标的转换算法研究

提出一种基于SRG剖分方法的剖分编码与经纬度坐标之间的转换算法,不涉及任何投影变换,计算过程只需加、减、乘、除简单算术运算,计算速度快,且SRG剖分编码本身就具有固定的方向性,利于邻近搜索。算法中采用坐标系辅助区分一些难以区分的菱形块,降低了转化误码率,进而提高了转换的精度。     

梅雨锋上的三类暴雨

利用常规气象观测资料、区域自动站资料、FY-2C云顶亮温（T_BB）资料及NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,对2015年6月17-18日发生在黔东南地区的典型梅雨锋西段暴雨进行了诊断分析。结果表明（：1）在500 hPa两槽一脊单阻型梅雨形势下,冷空气沿贝加尔湖阻塞高压东侧南下与来自南海、孟加拉湾的暖湿气流在黔东南交汇,500 hPa短波槽东移促使低空切变线东移南压和地面梅雨锋发展,配合200 hPa南亚高压东部脊附近的\     

中国南方调整水稻种植格局——一种水稻生产预先适应气候变化的选择(英文)

Rice planted in southern China accounts for 94% of the total in sown acreage and 88% of the total in production, which matters a lot to Chinese food security. However, due to the prolonged conflict between water availability and rice growth in spatial/temporal distribu-tion, rice production suffers from seasonal drought at acreage of 16%-22%, which compro-mises food production capacity and food security. Focusing on the spatial distribution of seasonal drought with rice and the practices to adapt to it, and based on an analysis of bal-anced water supply for and demand by rice at a growing season scale during 1981-2030, this paper assesses the changing seasonal drought in the process of rice production under the changing climate in the future, and identifies general rice re-cultivation options for climate change adaptation. Some conclusions can be drawn as follows. (1) Rice suggests a decline in seasonal drought, with early season rice (early rice hereafter) by 12,500 km2, middle season rice (middle rice) by 80,000 km2, and in particular late season rice (late rice) by 25,000 km2, which accounts for almost 20% of its cultivated acreage. It is indicated that due to climate change, seasonal drought in major rice producing areas tends to alleviate in general, late season rice in particular. (2) Future climate change brings about a significant impact on the spatial/temporal distribution of water resources in rice producing areas in China. Based on ’pre-designed’ adaptation actions for rice-re-cultivation, the rice cultivation pattern undergoes a significant alteration between 1981-2000 and 2001-2030. In eastern Guizhou and western Hunan, the pattern of single early plus single dry farming is changed into double cropping. In eastern Hunan, the pattern of dry cropping is changed into single early plus single dry farming. In northern Anhui, the pattern of dry farming cropping is changed into middle rice. All this is aimed at a potential adequate availability of water for rice production in the future. (3) Rice re-cultivation patterns developed in this paper help re-balance water demand and supply for rice growth using the spatial analysis tool to adapt rice growth to the changing water avail-ability from spatial perspective, and come up with rice producer-friendly re-cultivation options in response to climate change.     

河北省生产力布局调整构想

简述河北省生产力布局现状 ,分析生产力布局条件和国家区域发展战略的变化 ,提出强化石家庄市、唐山市经济中心职能 ;重点开发沿海地带和石黄轴线地带 ;引导生产力布局向京津周围和沿海地区集聚的构想     

2014 IGU Regional Conference held in Krakow,Poland

The 2014 Regional Conference of the International Geographical Union（IGU）was held on August 18-22 in Krakow,Poland.The total number of participants was 1374 from 64 countries and regions,including 357 from Poland.Germany,Japan,Czech,UK,China,Russia,USA,France and Hungary are the top countries of attendees in this conference.