Diversity and geographical pattern of altitudinal belts in the Hengduan Mountains in China

This paper analyses the diversity and spatial pattern of the altitudinal belts in the Hengduan Mountains in China. A total of 7 types of base belts and 26 types of altitudinal belts are identified in the study region. The main altitudinal belt lines, such as forest line, the upper limit of dark coniferous forest and snow line, have similar latitudinal and longitudinal spatial patterns, namely, arched quadratic curve model with latitudes and concave quadratic curve model along longitudinal direction. These patterns can be together called as “Hyperbolic-paraboloid model”, revealing the complexity and speciality of the environment and ecology in the study region. This result further validates the hypnosis of a common quadratic model for spatial pattern of mountain altitudinal belts proposed by the authors. The spatial pattern of altitudinal belts is closely related with moisture-related exposure effect in the Hengduan Mountains. Different combinations (spectra) of altitudinal belts and different base belt types appear in windward and leeward flanks and even in the same flanks of different ranges. This is closely related with the parallel mountain ranges of the Hengduan Mountains, which, at nearly right angle with the moving direction of prevailing moisture-laden air masses from west and east, hold up the warm and humid monsoon wind from moving into the core region and result in different moisture conditions in windward and leeward flanks. However, how to quantitatively describe the moisture-related exposure effect needs further study. In addition, the data quality and data accuracy at present also affect to some extent the result of quantitative modeling and should be improved with RS/GIS in the future.     

风成沙最优振筛时间

筛析法是测定沉积物颗粒组分的简单便捷方法,但关于振筛机对不同物料颗粒的最佳筛析时间少有报道。采用顶击式标准振筛机、1/2Φ间隔的套筛,开展了以风成沙为筛析样品、以筛析时间为变量的实验。结果表明：随着筛析时间增加,粒度参数的平均粒径和分选系数有增加且趋于平稳的趋势,但参数级别未发生改变;随筛析时间的增加,个别样品的偏度和峰度级别发生改变,其余均未改变;整体上,≥35目的筛网是决定1/2Φ间隔套筛最佳筛析时间的主要标准筛,但不同特性的风成沙颗粒对不同筛网的最佳筛析时间存在差异;为保证在筛析时间增加的过程中,粒度参数级别不再发生改变,且各筛网上的沙物质颗粒质量变化较小或趋于稳定,选取供试样品的平均最佳筛析时间作为风成沙颗粒筛析的最佳时间,建议风成沙颗粒的最佳筛析时间为14min。     

辽宁省国土资源沙盘模型制作及特点

本文以辽宁省国土资源沙盘模型为例,详细介绍了现代沙盘模型的制作方法及特点。     

黄淮海冲积平原盐碱低洼地的治理模式——以禹城县北丘洼为例

低洼盐碱荒地的治理模式是打井完整的浅群井,强行抽出地下咸水,降低地下水位,腾出地下库容、然后引地面淡水淋洗土壤中的盐分。文中估算了单孔井的影响半径,涌水量以及地下水的调节储量和地下水盐分的调节储量。     

多传感器系统电路规范化设计探讨

系多传感器系统规范化研究之一，重点讨论电路设计的主要问题和相应的规范。     

Chemical plume tracing via an autonomous underwater vehicle

Olfactory-based mechanisms have been hypothesized for biological behaviors including foraging, mate-seeking, homing, and host-seeking. Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) capable of such chemical plume tracing feats would have applicability in searching for environmentally interesting phenomena, unexploded ordinance, undersea wreckage, and sources of hazardous chemicals or pollutants. This article presents an approach and experimental results using a REMUS AUV to find a chemical plume, trace the chemical plume to its source, and maneuver to reliably declare the source location. The experimental results are performed using a plume of Rhodamine dye developed in a turbulent, near-shore, oceanic fluid flow.     

Complex refractive index of Martian dust: Mariner 9 ultraviolet observations

Mariner 9 ultraviolet spectra of the 1971 Mars dust storm were studied to determine the cloud particle size distribution and complex index of refraction. The method consisted of matching the observed single particle scattering albedo and phase function with Mie scattering calculations for size distributions of spheres of homogeneous and isotropic material. Preliminary results indicate that the effective particle radius is 1 μm with an effective variance (a measure of distribution width) $\text{?0.2}$. The real component of the index of refraction is $\text{?1.8}$ at both 268 and 305 nm. For the imaginary index, a value of 0.02 was found at 268 nm and 0.01 at 305nm. These ultraviolet refractive indices are compatible with measurements at visible wavelengths which indicate that the real part of the refractive index is 1.75 with a negligible imaginary term. The rapid increase of refractive index and absorption coefficient with decreasing wavelength are indicative of an ultraviolet absorption band.An ultraviolet absorption band is not only diagnostic of the composition of the Mars material, but may have important implications for the development and evolution of life on Mars. A 30 μm layer of material that absorbs uv but transmits visible light can shield organisms from harmful irradiation while providing for photosynthesis.Comparison of the Mars ultraviolet refractive indices with laboratory measurements indicates that none of the terrestrial analog samples of limonite, basalt, andesite, or montmorrillonite have the required ultraviolet properties.     

面向大众用户的商业导购电子地图设计与实现

商业导购电子地图作为面向专题应用的一个新型地图产品形式,值得我们关注与探讨.本文从其设计思想和设计原则出发,初步探讨了商业导购电子地图的建立、表达与应用,并采用自行开发的电子地图设计平台--声图系统VoiceMap2005,构建了南京市湖南路商业导购电子地图.     

基于海冰密集度遥感数据的波弗特海海冰时空变化研究

采用美国冰雪数据中心(NSIDC)的日尺度与月尺度海冰密集度数据,将海冰密集度为15%作为阈值确定海冰外缘线位置,提取波弗特海海域的海冰外缘线,计算波弗特海的海冰密集度、海冰范围与海冰面积,然后通过海冰范围与海冰外缘线的年际变化与季节变化来分析波弗特海海冰外缘线退缩的时空变化特征与趋势。实验结果表明,1978—2015年波弗特海的海冰密集度、海冰范围与海冰面积整体变化趋势一致,减少趋势显著。37年来,海冰密集度平均每年减少约0.3%,海冰范围平均每年减少3 235 km2,海冰面积平均每年减少5 084 km2。海冰密集度在1979—1996年无明显减少趋势,1996—2015年减少趋势明显。波弗特海海冰范围一般在9月达到最小值,在11月至次年5月维持在最大值(全冰覆盖状态);海冰面积一般在9月达到最小值,在12月或者1月达到最大值。海冰范围最小值出现时间有延迟的趋势,全冰覆盖状态具有起始时间越来越晚、终止时间越来越早、持续时间越来越短的趋势,平均持续天数为212 d。