库姆塔格沙漠典型线形沙丘粒度特征

对库姆塔格沙漠不同区域典型线形沙丘不同地貌部位的表层沉积物进行了粒度分析。结果表明：线形沙丘沙物质组成的优势粒级为中沙、细沙和极细沙,所占比重分别为28.85%、30.92%和25.98%。根据沙丘剖面形态和粒度特征,该沙漠的线形沙丘可分为两大类,第一类剖面形态不对称,沙物质由沙丘两翼底部向脊部逐渐细化、分选变好,分布于沙漠的东北部、中部、南部和西部;第二类剖面形态较为对称,沙物质在两翼中部最细,脊部最粗,坡脚次之,分选性无明显变化规律,分布于沙漠的东部。对这两类线形沙丘粒度特征的形成原因做了探讨,初步认为第一类是沙物质经风选的结果,而第二类则是风选、物源风化等综合影响的结果。     

滇西南地区双震序列应力触发及地震活动性研究

利用弹性半空间模型和岩石圈介质波速模型,计算了1976年龙陵7.3、7.4级地震和1988年澜沧-耿马7.6、7.2级地震2次双震间及对后续地震的应力变化影响,同时对该区未来地震活动性进行了研究。得到以下结论:1龙陵双震属共轭型双震活动,前一次地震的发生对后一次地震有抑制作用;而澜沧-耿马地震则属于牵动型双震活动,澜沧7.6级地震对其后的耿马7.2级地震有一定的触发作用,其库仑应力变化值为0.35bar;2绝大多数后续余震受到了主震的应力触发作用,其中龙陵双震触发效果较明显;3根据震后粘弹性松弛应力场变化得出,现阶段NW向的腾冲-龙陵、永德-勐省以及澜沧东南地区,NE向的瑞丽、镇安、大理、上允、永平等地区地震危险性有所增强,这与该区地震活动性增强相吻合。     

Characteristics of migrating submarine canyons from the middle Miocene to present: Implications for paleoceanographic circulation,northern South China Sea

Previously undocumented, migrating submarine canyons have developed in the Pearl River Mouth Basin along the northern continental margin of the South China Sea from the middle Miocene to present. A grid of high-resolution, 2-D multi-channel seismic profiles calibrated by borehole information permits documentation of these northeastward migrating submarine canyons, as the result of the interplay of gravity flows and bottom currents. The modern canyons have lengths of 30–60 km, widths of 1–5.7 km, and relief of 50–300 m in water depths of 450–1500 m. Buried ancient submarine canyon successions were originally eroded by basal erosional discontinuities and partially filled by canyon thalweg deposits. These are overlain by lateral inclined packages and hemipelagic drape deposits. Basal erosional discontinuities and thalweg deposits are probably created principally by turbidity currents and filled with turbidites. Lateral inclined packages likely were formed by along-slope bottom currents. The evolution of these migrating submarine canyons reveals that northeastward bottom currents have consistently occurred at least from the middle Miocene to present in the study area. It might further imply that thermohaline intermediate water circulation of the South China Sea has been anti-cyclonic from the middle Miocene to present. The initiation of migrating submarine canyons possibly signals commencement of strong bottom currents after the middle Miocene in the South China Sea. The intensification of bottom currents also possibly may reflect shoaling of the major ocean seaways and increased vigor in oceanic circulation forced by global cooling after the middle Miocene.     

Reservoir characteristics and their effects on hydrocarbon accumulation in lacustrine turbidites in the Jiyang Super-depression,Bohai Bay Basin,China

A great difference exists between the hydrocarbon charging characteristics of different Tertiary lacustrine turbidites in the Jiyang Super-depression of the Bohai Bay Basin, east China. Based on wireline log data, core observation and thin-section analyses, this study presents detailed reservoir property data and their controlling effects from several case studies and discusses the geological factors that govern the hydrocarbon accumulation in turbidite reservoirs. The lacustrine fluxoturbidite bodies investigated are typically distributed in an area of 0.5–10 km², with a thickness of 5–20 m. The sandstones of the Tertiary turbidites in the Jiyang Super-depression have been strongly altered diagenetically by mechanical compaction, cementation and mineral dissolution. The effect of compaction caused the porosity to decrease drastically with the burial depths, especially during the early diagenesis when the porosity was reduced by over 15%. The effect of cementation and mineral dissolution during the late-stage diagenesis is dominated by carbonate cementation in sandstones. High carbonate cement content is usually associated with low porosity and permeability. Carbonate dissolution (secondary porosity zone) and primary calcite dissolution is believed to be related to thermal maturation of organic matter and clay mineral reactions in the surrounding shales and mudstone. Two stages of carbonate cementation were identified: the precipitation from pore-water during sedimentation and secondary precipitation in sandstones from the organic acid-dissolved carbonate minerals from source rocks. Petrophysical properties have controlled hydrocarbon accumulation in turbidite sandstones: high porosity and permeability sandstones have high oil saturation and are excellent producing reservoirs. It is also noticed that interstitial matter content affects the oil-bearing property to some degree. There are three essential elements for high oil-bearing turbidite reservoirs: excellent pore types, low carbonate cement (<5%) and good petrophysical properties with average porosity >15% and average permeability >10 mD.     

Effect of the along-strait wind on the volume transport through the Tsushima/Korea Strait in September

Recent investigation suggests that volume transport through the Tsushima/Korea Strait often has double peaks during the summer to autumn period with decreasing transport in September. The satellite-observed wind changes from weak northwestward (across-strait) in summer to strong southwestward (along-strait) in early autumn (September) in the strait. Such a strong along-strait wind is related to tropical cyclones, which frequently pass through the East China Sea in September. The effect of the along-strait wind component on the transport variation is examined using a three-dimensional numerical model. The simulated volume transport through the Tsushima/Korea Strait shows realistic seasonal and intra-seasonal variations. According to sensitivity experiments on local winds, the transport variations in September are mainly generated by strong along-strait (southwestward) wind rather than weak across-strait wind. The strait transport responds to the along-strait wind (southeastward), which produces a sea level increase along the Korean coast, resulting in the geostrophic balance across the strait. The transport minimum through the Tsushima/Korea Strait in September can be determined by the combination of the across-strait geostrophic and along-strait ageostrophic balances. The Editor-in-Chief does not recommend the usage of the term “Japan/East Sea” in place of “Sea of Japan”.     

平阴县浅层地下水地球化学环境质量评价

平阴县浅层地下水调查采样密度为1点／16km^2,分析测试27项指标的含量变化规律后,认为调查区浅层地下水中除K,Mn,NO2^-等指标含量变化较大,局部富集外,其他指标含量变化小,在浅层地下水中分布较均匀。选择As,Ba,Be,Cd,Co,Cu,Fe,Hg,Mn,Mo,Ni,Pb,Se,Zn,F^-,Cl^-,Cr^6＋,NO2^-,COD,pH等20项指标,按《地下水质量标准》对浅层地下水环境质量进行的单因子和综合评价,结果显示较好级以上者达88．4％,而较差级仅占11．6％,无极差级分布,调查区内浅层地下水环境质量状况良好。     

临沂市积极探索节约集约用地新路子

近年来,随着国务院<关于深化体制改革严格土地管理的决定>和<关于加强土地调控有关问题的通知>的贯彻落实,国家实施土地宏观调控的政策越来越严.面对严格的土地管理形势和经济发展用地需求的突出矛盾,临沂市积极转变观念,将用地思路调整到内涵挖潜和盘活存量上来,坚持向旧村要地、向旧城要地、向闲置要地、向园区要地,促进了土地的节约集约利用,为经济发展提供了用地保障.     

节制对黄河水资源的过度索取,恢复黄河生态良性维持

黄河下游属于过度开发的河流.长期以来。重视经济社会效益,而较为轻视环境和生态效益;上世纪80～90年代,下游出现连年断流及"二级悬河"两个突出问题。过量引黄,引黄总水量大大超过母亲河的承受能力,生产用水与社会用水大量挤占冲沙用水及生态用水,是上述问题形成的直接原因。为了维持黄河健康生命,保持河流永续利用,根本对策是在全流域建设高效、节水、防污型社会。节制社会经济用水;变粗放灌溉为科学灌溉;工业广用循环水;城市绿化及冲洗采用中水。制止对水质的污染。我们认为恢复黄河生态良性维持应包括三方面的指标:(1)下游排洪主槽通过调水调沙逐步恢复到6000m~3/s的过洪能力;(2)河水污染程度应稀释和降解到至少达到国家Ⅲ类水标准;(3)保证湿地及河、海、空中生物的良性生长环境。只要全流域以科学发展观为统领,实现人与河流和谐发展,经过10～20年的努力,上述目标是可以达到的。