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561.
Tianming Huang Zhonghe Pang Jilai Liu Jinzhu Ma John Gates 《Hydrogeology Journal》2017,25(7):2049-2065
Assessing groundwater recharge characteristics (recharge rate, history, mechanisms (piston and preferential flow)) and groundwater age in arid and semi-arid environments remains a difficult but important research frontier. Such assessments are particularly important when the unsaturated zone (UZ) is thick and the recharge rate is limited. This study combined evaluations of the thick UZ with those of the saturated zone and used multiple tracers, such as Cl, NO3, Br, 2H, 18O, 13C, 3H and 14C, to study groundwater recharge characteristics in an integrated loess tableland in the Loess Plateau, China, where precipitation infiltration is the only recharge source for shallow groundwater. The results indicate that diffuse recharge beneath crops, as the main land use of the study area, is 55–71 mm yr?1 based on the chloride mass balance of soil profiles. The length of time required for annual precipitation to reach the water table is 160–400 yrs. The groundwater is all pre-modern water and paleowater, with corrected 14C age ranging from 136 to 23,412 yrs. Most of the water that eventually becomes recharge originally infiltrated in July–September. The Cl and NO3 contents in the upper UZ are considerably higher than those in the deep UZ and shallow groundwater because of recent human activities. The shallow groundwater has not been in hydraulic equilibrium with present near-surface boundary conditions. The homogeneous material of the UZ and relatively old groundwater age imply that piston flow is the dominant recharge mechanism for the shallow groundwater in the tableland. 相似文献
562.
大兴安岭北段塔河地区晚寒武世中基性火山岩的发现及其地质意义 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
新林-喜桂图断裂北东段塔河地区发育一套中基性火山岩,岩石类型为玄武安山岩、玄武粗安岩和粗面玄武岩,前人曾将其划归为中-晚侏罗世塔木兰沟组。本次工作区在塔河北瓦拉干林场一带,采用LA-ICP-MS同位素测定方法,在玄武安山岩和粗面玄武岩中分别取得锆石~(206) Pb/~(238) U年龄平均值为(501.1±1.4)Ma(23个数据点)和(500.50±0.95)Ma(14个数据点);首次确定了大兴安岭北段塔河以北寒武系火山地层的存在。中基性火山岩,具有亚碱性岩系列钾玄岩特征,且无任何变质变形;Eu微弱负异常,(La/Yb)_N=16.63~25.91;富集Ba、Rb、Sr、K,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti。岩浆的形成可能与岛弧背景下的拉伸作用有关,同时指出额尔古纳地块塔河以北地区寒武系的存在并非是局部现象,很可能有一定的分布范围。这一研究成果为重新认识大兴安岭北段局部地区中生代火山岩、探讨新林-喜桂图构造带演化历史及西伯利亚南缘额尔古纳地块大陆地壳演化提供了新的资料。 相似文献
563.
564.
Detrital zircon records in bauxite deposits of China: Implication for the provenance model and ore deposits classification of bauxite 下载免费PDF全文
Yu Wen-Chao Du Yuan-Sheng Xiong Guo-Lin Zhou Jin-Tao Pang Da-Wei Deng Xu-Sheng Weng Shen-Fu Li Pei-Gang 《古地理学报》1999,22(5):947-964
Based on 3439 detrital zircon U-Pb datapoints collected from the bauxite deposits of China and 297 detrital zircon U-Pb datapoints from underlying clastic rocks,this study reviews the recent progress in the detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology of bauxite deposits in China. Stability assessment of zircon grains in modern tropical weathering profiles proves the chemical and physical stability during the and intense weathering and bauxitization,which makes zircon become a good provenance indicator. Sedimentary provenance study of bauxite deposits in China indicates that even the bauxite deposit developed on the carbonate rocks,there was still considerable input of the weathering aluminosilicate materials. Previous classifications of bauxite deposit are mainly based on the lithology of basement rock and features of ore body,applications of these classifications will cause ambiguities and uncertainties. For widespread parautochthonous and allochthonous detrital zircon grains within Chinese bauxite deposits,parautochthonous and allochthonous criterion is invalid in classification of Chinese bauxite deposits. Here we suggest that the bauxite study requires a new classification of ore deposit,which should consider the weathering process of bauxite deposits as well as the position of bauxite deposit in the sedimentological framework. Although detrital zircon study provides important constrains for the provenance of bauxite deposits,combination of regional geological background and the geochemical characteristics are still essential for the comprehensive cognition of source materials. 相似文献
565.
566.
Jian Pang Jialiang Han Xuelu Fan Chan Li Xian Dong Longchao Liang Zhuo Chen 《Acta Geochimica》2019,(3):391-403
Mercury(Hg) is a global pollutant and can be accumulated in the food chain, posing exposure risks to humans. In this study, rice plants and corresponding rhizosphere soil samples were collected from a watershed of the Wawu River Basin that is heavily impacted by historic Hg mining and retorting activities. Total mercury(THg)and methylmercury(MeHg) in rice grains, as well as other tissues and soil samples, were measured. Five soil Hg fractions, as well as soil parameters, were also determined.The results show that the average concentrations of THg and MeHg in rice grains were 14 ± 7.0 lg kg-1 and7.2 ± 4.0 lg kg-1. Soil organic-bound(Hg-o) and strong complex-bound(Hg-s) were the main Hg fractions,accounting for 44% of the total. To estimate the Hg–ligand interaction in the soils, soil-N/Hg(R = 0.451, p \ 0.05),-S/Hg(R = 0.372, p \ 0.1), and-OM/Hg ratio(R = 0.320,p \ 0.5) with MeHgsoil were observed with significant positive correlations, indicating that the formation of Hg–OM, Hg–N–OM or Hg–S–OM complexes could prevent Hg(II) from methylation in soils. The significant positive correlations of the-N/Hg ratio,-S/Hg ratio and-OM/Hg ratio with MeHg in rice tissues suggested that Hg methylation and MeHg demethylation occurred throughout the rice paddy ecosystem. The estimated MeHg daily intake(EDI) was 0.075 ± 0.041 lg kg-1 bw d-1 and was lower than the RfD level of 0.1 lg kg-1 bw d-1 recommended by the US EPA. However, approximately 29% of the hazardous index(HI) of MeHg in grain exceeded 1, posing a potential threat to local populations, particularly pregnant women and children. 相似文献
567.
预防强震后可能发生的余震对于保护灾区安全具有重要意义。为了对余震进行一定误差水平的快速判定,对主震与余震之间的关系进行分析。选取1970年1月1日—2009年9月30日全球范围5—10级地震进行预处理,采用基于最小二乘法的线性回归方法,对主震震级与最大余震震级关联关系、主震视应力与最大余震震级关联关系进行分析,并进行结果可视化。结果表明,主震与最大余震的震级存在一定线性关系,可为主震后在一定范围内对最大余震的快速判定提供一定参考。 相似文献
568.
Two large-scale (9.5 m long, 4.7 m wide, 2.6 m deep), three-dimensional artificial aquifers were constructed to investigate the influence of spatial variations in aquifer properties on contaminant transport. One aquifer was uniformly filled with coarse sand media (0.6 to 2.0 mm) and the other was constructed as a heterogeneous aquifer using blocks of fine, medium, and coarse sands. The key features of these artificial aquifers are described. An innovative deaeration tower was constructed to overcome a problem of the aquifers becoming blocked with excess air from the ground water source. A series of tracer injection experiments were conducted to test the homogeneity of the first aquifer that was purposely built as a homogeneous aquifer and to calculate values of aquifer parameters. Experimental data show that the aquifer is slightly heterogeneous, and hydraulic conductivity values are significantly higher down one side of the aquifer compared to the mean value. There was very good agreement in estimated dispersivity values between the plume area ratio methods and the curve fitting of tracer breakthrough curves. Dispersivity estimates from a full areal source injection (12.2 m2) experiment using a 1D analytical model were higher than estimates from a limited source injection (0.2 m2) experiment using a 3D model, possibly because the 1D model does not take account of the heterogeneity of hydraulic conductivity in the aquifer, thus overestimating dispersivity. Transverse and vertical dispersivity values were about five times less than the longitudinal dispersivity. There was slight sorption of Rhodamine WT onto the aquifer media. 相似文献
569.
570.
海冰密度是海冰和气候模型的重要物理变量,也是利用卫星测高数据估算海冰厚度的关键参数。目前各国北极科学考察虽开展了海冰物理观测,但对近期北极海冰密度现场观测资料的综合分析和挖掘应用不足。在此背景下,收集了近15年来北极海冰密度现场观测资料,分析北极海冰密度的变化特征;对海冰密度实测数据进行克里金插值,将插值结果输入静力平衡方程模型计算海冰厚度,探讨海冰密度对海冰厚度卫星测高反演的影响。结果表明,2000—2015年北极海冰密度变化范围为750—950 kg·m^–3,1—9月海冰密度总体上随月份变化呈减小的趋势;6—9月北极海冰密度随着纬度的增加而减少(75°N—90°N);通过对比分析表明,相较于使用海冰密度固定值参与估算海冰厚度,采用经现场观测数据空间插值后的海冰密度估算海冰厚度的结果更为准确。北极海冰密度现场观测资料的整理分析可为海冰与气候变化等进一步研究提供参考。 相似文献