中坝隧道地下分水岭演化的数值模拟分析

由于铁路隧道的施工,地下水进入隧道,形成了新的排泄基准面,对区域地下水环境产生较大影响,故对该类问题进行深入研究具有重要的工程实践意义。以中坝岩溶隧道为例,采用Visual modflow对中坝隧道进行三维数值模拟,模拟中坝隧道开挖建设后,地下分水岭的演化过程,以此来探讨分析其对地下水环境的影响。     

碱激发材料固化低液限粉黏土路用性能及抗冻融特性研究

以伊犁地区S315线蜂场至尼勒克段低液限粉黏土为研究对象,以碱激发材料为固化剂,对粉质黏土和其固化土开展了路用性能指标试验与冻融循环试验,并利用电镜扫描试验(SEM)与X射线衍射试验(XRD)研究了固化土的微观特征,探讨了碱激发材料对粉质黏土路用性能指标与抗冻融特性的影响.试验结果表明,固化土的无侧限抗压强度与抗剪强度...     

陕北北部一次雹暴的特征及成因

本文从分析天气形势、物理量场特征、自动站逐时资料变化特征等人手,对2012年7月8日一9日临汾市局部暴雨天气过程进行了分析。结果表明：（1）此次降水过程是在西风槽东移,副高西进北抬有利的环流背景下产生的。700hPa中尺度低压和低层辐合线以及东路冷空气是本过程的主要触发系统。（2）降水过程中边界层出现了明显的中尺度辐合线和切变线以及低涡环流,短时强降水与小尺度的低涡环流相对应。（3）物理量场上,降雨前期暴雨区有强的上升运动、较高的能量积累和层结不稳定,但低层辐合很弱,中低层湿度只在某层次上达到饱和。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱仪的时间漂移效应研究

时间漂移效应是电感耦合等离子质谱仪分析过程中产生数据误差的主要因素之一。文章针对不同元素的时间漂移规律、漂移机理等问题,开展了系统的实验研究。结果显示：（1）不同元素随时间漂移的程度存在明显差异;（2）漂移程度与元素的质量数呈相关性;（3）不同元素在等离子体中的分布特征有较大差异,差异可能与元素在等离子体中的扩散行为相关,除了不同元素分布特征有差异外,元素在等离子体中的分布也不稳定,两者结合可能是导致时间漂移的重要影响因素。最后发现时间漂移不受元素浓度大小的影响。该研究对于理解电感耦合等离子质谱的时间漂移及其解决方案具有重要的参考意义。     

贵州荔波县地质景观旅游资源分析与评价

荔波地层岩性以碳酸盐岩为主,且降雨量丰富,具有形成地质旅游资源优越的地理、地质及外部条件。荔波喀斯特地貌极其发育,地质景观旅游资源单体特别丰富。通过贵州省荔波县旅游资源大普查,对荔波县下属8乡镇旅游资源单体进行了全方面、全领域调查和研究,共新发现单体1 106个,其中入级单体856个,涵盖除康体养生旅游类的11个主类。优良级(三级及以上)资源单体共132个,占入级单体总量的15. 42%,主要为地文景观、建筑设施、水域风光、乡村旅游及生物景观等大类。其中地文景观及水域风光入级资源单体共计381个,占入级单体总量的44. 51%;优良级资源单体79个,占优良级单体总量的59. 85%。本文以大普查成果为基础,重点对荔波县地质景观资源单体进行综合分析和评价,为后期旅游资源开发提供实事材料和理论基础。     

An adaptive capacity spectrum method for assessment of bridges subjected to earthquake action

Estimating seismic demands on structures, to predict their performance level with confidence, requires explicit consideration of the structural inelastic behaviour: to this end, the use of nonlinear static procedures is inevitably going to be favoured over complex nonlinear time-history methods. The currently available assessment procedures have been tested predominantly against building frames. A newly derived assessment procedure is proposed within the scope of bridge applications, based on an innovative displacement-based adaptive pushover technique. The procedure, which can be incorporated into a performance-based engineering philosophy, is applicable to MDOF continuous span bridges with flexible or rigid superstructures, and for varying degrees of abutment restraint. As a first application to determine the viability of the proposed procedure, a parametric study is conducted on a ensemble of bridges subjected to earthquake motion. It is shown that, compared to the seismic demand estimated by means of the more accurate nonlinear dynamic analysis tool, the novel static assessment method can lead to the attainment of satisfactory predictions, both in terms of displacement as well as moment demand on members.     

吐哈盆地中央构造带正反转演化特征

吐哈盆地中央构造带由火焰山构造和七克台构造组成。中央构造带形成于三叠纪晚期至侏罗纪早期,表现为伸展构造特征,生长断层上盘地层厚度明显大于下盘,并于断层上盘所在的台北凹陷形成沉降中心。晚侏罗世,由于拉萨陆块与欧亚大陆的碰撞作用导致吐哈盆地由伸展盆地转变为挤压盆地,中央构造带也于此时发生构造反转,由早期的伸展正断层转变为挤压逆断层。发生于55Ma的喜山构造事件对天山地区产生了深刻的影响,但影响时间略有滞后,大致发生在晚渐新世至早中新世,中央构造带即在此次构造事件中强烈变形,逆冲出露于地表。     

Spatiotemporal Variations of Microwave Land Surface Emissivity (MLSE) over China Derived from Four-Year Recalibrated Fengyun 3B MWRI Data

Microwave Land Surface Emissivity (MLSE) over China under both clear and cloudy sky conditions was retrieved using measurements of recalibrated microwave brightness temperatures (Tbs) from Fengyun-3B Microwave Radiation Imager (FY-3B MWRI), combined with cloud properties derived from Himawari-8 Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) observations. The contributions from cloud particles and atmospheric gases to the upwelling Tbs at the top of atmosphere were calculated and removed in radiative transfer. The MLSEs at horizontal polarizations at 10.65, 18.7, and 36.5 GHz during 7 July 2015 to 30 June 2019 over China showed high values in the southeast vegetated area and low values in the northwest barren, or sparsely vegetated, area. The maximum values were found in the belt area of the Qinling-Taihang Mountains and the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which is highly consistent with MLSEs derived from AMSR-E. It demonstrates that the measurements of FY-3B MWRI Tbs, including its calibration and validation, are reliable, and the retrieval algorithm developed in this study works well. Seasonal variations of MLSE in China are mainly driven by the combined effects of vegetation, rainfall, and snow cover. In tropical and southern forest regions, the seasonal variation of MLSE is small due to the enhancement from vegetation and the suppression from rainfall. In the boreal area, snow causes a significant decrease of MLSE at 36.5 GHz in winter. Meanwhile, the MLSE at lower frequencies experiences less suppression. In the desert region in Xinjiang, increases of MLSEs at all frequencies are observed with increasing snow cover.     

青藏高原冰湖研究进展及趋势

冰湖是由于冰川活动或者退缩产生的融水在冰川前部或者侧部汇集而成的,可分为冰川终碛湖(冰碛阻塞湖)、冰川阻塞湖、冰斗湖和冰蚀槽谷湖。其中分布数量较多、规模较大,且灾害风险较高的是冰川终碛湖。因此,冰川终碛湖是研究冰湖的主要对象。受全球气候变暖的影响,冰湖溃决产生的洪水、泥石流等重大冰川灾害的发生频率有所升高,灾害的影响程度以及范围也有所加大,引起了冰川山地国家的广泛关注。青藏高原内部发育着36793条现代冰川,冰川面积49873.44km2,分别占中国冰川总条数、总面积和冰储量的79.5%、84%和81.6%。在全球气候变暖的大背景下,多数冰川呈加速消融及退缩的态势,导致了冰湖溃决洪水和冰川泥石流等重大冰川灾害发生频率的加剧和影响程度的加大。本文围绕冰湖溃决条件、冰湖稳定性评价、冰湖溃决洪水模拟等几个研究方面,对青藏高原冰湖研究的现状及进展进行了较为系统的总结,并对未来研究趋势进行了展望。     

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