瘤背石磺体腔细胞分类、免疫相关酶特性及初步转录组学分析

瘤背石磺(Onchidium struma)广泛分布于潮间带和潮下带,是海洋生物向陆地生物辐射进化的重要代表,也是环境监测的指示生物.为丰富瘤背石磺的基础免疫学资料,本文研究了瘤背石磺体腔细胞的类别、细胞密度和体腔液免疫相关酶活性,并通过RNA-Seq测序获得体腔细胞转录本,进行生物信息学分析.结果表明,瘤背石磺主要有...     

黄河三角洲潮间带大型底栖无脊椎动物群落结构与分布特征

为了解黄河三角洲潮间带大型底栖无脊椎动物现状,于2019年5月分别对建国后黄河入海口4个流路区域20个潮间带站位进行了采样调查.调查共采集到大型底栖无脊椎动物5纲16目37科60种,主要优势种有托氏（虫昌）螺(Umbonium costatum)、泥螺(Bullacta exarata)、光滑河篮蛤(Potamocor...     

Molecular and isotopic compositions of bitumens in Silurian tar sands from the Tarim Basin,NW China: Characterizing biodegradation and hydrocarbon charging in an old composite basin

Biodegradation and oil mixing in Silurian sandstone reservoirs of the Tarim Basin, one of the largest composite basins in China, were investigated by analyzing the molecular characteristics and stable carbon isotopic signatures of low-molecular-weight (LMW) saturated hydrocarbons and high-molecular-weight (HMW) asphaltenes. Detection of 25-norhopanes and 17-nortricyclic terpanes in most Silurian tar sands from the Tabei Uplift in the Tarim Basin suggests a much greater degree of biodegradation here than in the Tazhong Uplift. This explains the relatively more abundant tricyclic terpanes, gammacerane, pregnane and diasteranes in tar sands from the Tabei Uplift than in those from the Tazhong Uplift. Hence, care must be taken when assigning oil source correlations using biomarkers in tar sands because of the biodegradation and mixing of oils derived from multiple sources in such an old composite basin. Asphaltenes in the tar sands seem to be part of the oil charge before biodegradation, depending on the relative anti-biodegradation characteristics of asphaltenes, the similarity in carbon isotopic signatures for asphaltenes and their pyrolysates, and the consistent product distribution for flash pyrolysis and for regular steranes in asphaltene pyrolysates, regardless of whether the tar sands were charged with fresh oil. According to the relative distributions of regular steranes and the relatively abundant 1,2,3,4-tetramethylbenzene significantly enriched in ¹³C, the oil sources for asphaltenes in the tar sands might be related to lower Paleozoic marine source rocks formed in euxinic conditions. Nevertheless, the relatively low abundance of gammacerane and C₂₈ regular steranes observed in asphaltene pyrolysates and residual hydrocarbons, within limited samples investigated in this work, made a direct correlation of oils originally charged into Silurian tar sands with those Cambrian source rocks, reported so far, seem not to be possible. Comparison of carbon isotopic signatures of n-alkanes in asphaltene pyrolysates with those of LMW saturated hydrocarbons is helpful in determining if the abundant n-alkanes in tar sands are derived from fresh oil charges after biodegradation. The limited carbon isotopic data for n-alkanes in LMW saturated hydrocarbons from the tar sands can be used to classify oils charged after biodegradation in the composite basin into four distinct groups.     

Spatial–temporal distribution of phytoplankton pigments in relation to nutrient status in Jiaozhou Bay,China

We conducted studies of phytoplankton and hydrological variables in a semi-enclosed bay in northern China to understand the spatial–temporal variability and relationship between these variables. Samples were collected during seven cruises in Jiaozhou Bay from November 2003 to October 2004, and were analyzed for temperature, nutrients and phytoplankton pigments. Pigments from eight possible phytoplankton classes (Diatoms, Dinoflagellates, Chlorophyceae, Prasinophyceae, Chrysophyceae, Haptophyceae, Cryptophyceae and Caynophyceae) were detected in surface water by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Phytoplankton pigment and nutrient concentrations in Jiaozhou Bay were spatially and temporally variable, and most of them were highest in the northern and eastern parts of the sampling regions in spring (May) and summer (August), close to areas of shellfish culturing, river estuaries, dense population and high industrialization, reflecting human activities. Chlorophyll a was recorded in all samples, with an annual mean concentration of 1.892 μg L⁻¹, and fucoxanthin was the most abundant accessory pigment, with a mean concentration of 0.791 μg L⁻¹. The highest concentrations of chlorophyll a (15.299 μg L⁻¹) and fucoxanthin (9.417 μg L⁻¹) were observed in May 2004 at the station close to the Qingdao Xiaogang Ferry, indicating a spring bloom of Diatoms in this area. Although chlorophyll a and other biomarker pigments showed significant correlations, none of them showed strong correlations with temperature and nutrients, suggesting an apparent de-coupling between the pigments and these hydrological variables. The nutrient composition and phytoplankton community composition of Jiaozhou Bay have changed significantly in the past several decades, reflecting the increasing nutrient concentrations and decline of phytoplankton cell abundance. The unchanged total chlorophyll a levels indicated that smaller species have filled the niche vacated by the larger species in Jiaozhou Bay, as revealed by our biomarker pigment analysis.     

打造杭州湾湾口强劲增长极的相关问题研究

打造杭州湾湾口强劲增长极,有助于支撑我国高质量发展和现代化建设,并成为引领浙江省又快又好发展的新引擎。文章探究打造杭州湾湾口强劲增长极的相关问题,以期提供理论参考。研究结果表明：打造杭州湾湾口增长极具有特殊的时代必要性和现实可行性,其以“互联网+创新”为发展路径,实现以区域产业结构、科技创新、基础设施、资源要素和公共服务等为核心的共同发展目标。重点举措包括：补齐“短板”,构建错位互补产业体系;集聚资源,打造科创协同优质网络;凝聚共识,建设一流高效基础设施;立足开放,打造高端要素汇聚平台;共建共享,构筑民生服务品质湾区;绿色发展,缔造宜居宜业幸福湾区。     

基于水准测量技术的填海人工岛沉陷监测实践

近年来随着填海人工岛的增多,其安全性备受关注.人工岛吹填区域软土地基物理力学参数差异大,地面沉陷持续时间长、成因机制复杂和防治难度大,沉陷监测工作具有重要意义.利用精密水准测量技术,通过长期跟踪监测,分析了人工岛吹填区域的变形特征,综合评估了沉降稳定性,为人工岛的环境保护、后续设计施工建设提供科学决策依据.     

CMIP5模式对东太平洋ITCZ偶极子模态模拟能力的评估

本研究利用第五次国际间耦合模式比较计划(Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5, CMIP5)中的24个模式的工业革命前控制试验(Pre-industrial Control, picontrol)模拟结果, 结合观测资料, 评估了24个CMIP5 模式对东太平洋热带辐合带偶极子(Eastern Pacific ITCZ dipole, EPID)降水模态的模拟能力, 并建立了其与模式对热带太平洋气候态模拟之间的联系。结果表明: 1) 绝大多数模式在北半球春季(2—4月)对EPID模态模拟能力较差, 主要原因在于CMIP5模式对热带辐合带(Intertropical Convergence Zone, ITCZ)的模拟偏差, 其中模拟效果较差的模式在2—4月的气候态降水分布在赤道以南, 且降水普遍偏强; 2) 对各模式的EPID模态选取的季节按照技巧评分最高进行调整后, 大部分模式能较好地模拟出EPID模态的空间分布特点, 技巧评分在0.6以上, 其中模拟效果好的模式(技巧评分大于0.7)中EPID模态出现的月份同时在中东太平洋气候态表现出“双ITCZ”特征, 且多模式集合结果的模拟误差小于绝大多数模式。     

Interannual Sea Level Variations in the South China Sea Over 1950–2009

Spatial patterns of interannual sea level variations in the South China Sea (SCS) are investigated by analyzing an EOF-based 2-dimensional past sea level reconstruction from 1950 to 2009 and satellite altimetry data from 1993 to 2009. Long-term tide gauge records from 14 selected stations in this region are also used to assess the quality of reconstructed sea levels and determine the rate of sea level along the coastal area. We found that the rising rate of sea levels derived from merged satellite altimetry data during 1993–2009 and past sea level reconstruction over 1950–2009 is about 3.9 ± 0.6 mm/yr and 1.7 ± 0.1 mm/yr, respectively. For the longer period, this rate is not significantly different from the global mean rate (of 1.8 ± 0.3 mm/yr). The interannual mean sea level of the SCS region appears highly correlated with Niño 4 indices (a proxy of El Niño-Southern Oscillation/ENSO), suggesting that the interannual sea level variations over the SCS region is driven by ENSO events. Interpolation of the reconstructed sea level data for 1950–2009 at sites where tide gauge records are of poor quality (either short or gapped) show that sea level along the Chinese coastal area is rising faster than the global mean rate of 1.8 mm/yr. At some sites, the rate is up to 2.5 mm/yr.     

大河影响下的边缘海沉积有机碳输运与埋藏及再矿化研究进展

大河影响下的边缘海是陆源输入物质的主要储库,也是有机碳埋藏和再矿化的主要场所,在全球碳的生物地球化学循环中有着重要作用。从有机碳的输运、埋藏和再矿化等方面综述了大河影响下的边缘海沉积有机碳生物地球化学研究的最新进展。研究表明,有机碳的来源、组成、粒径和密度分布等显著影响着有机碳的分布特征和归宿,大河影响下的边缘海中移动泥等特殊沉积环境在有机碳的输运、埋藏和再矿化分解等方面发挥了独特的作用;微生物分解作用则是边缘海沉积有机碳,特别是难降解陆源有机碳发生分解的重要因素。综合运用分子生物学、有机地球化学、生物地球化学等多学科研究手段,深入研究特定微生物、浮游生物功能类群等在大河影响下的边缘海沉积有机碳生物地球化学过程中的作用,将极大地丰富对河口和陆架边缘海生源要素生物地球化学循环的认识。     

模糊积分在海洋标准体系评价中的应用研究

采用模糊积分综合评价模型对海洋标准体系进行评价,在指标评分过程中,无选择地邀请多位专家参与评分,利用Sugeno模糊积分和Choquet模糊积分计算,求算评价指标的近似客观值来进行综合评价,将其应用到海洋观测预报及防灾减灾标准体系评价中,得到了与标准审查会专家结论基本一致的结果。