Lipid accumulation and CO_2 utilization of two marine oil-rich microalgal strains in response to CO_2 aeration

Biological CO_2 sequestration by microalgae is a promising and environmentally friendly technology applied to sequester CO_2. The characteristics of neutral lipid accumulation by two marine oil-rich microalgal strains,namely, Isochrysis galbana and Nannochloropsis sp., through CO_2 enrichment cultivation were investigated in this study. The optimum culture conditions of the two microalgal strains are 10% CO_2 and f medium. The maximum biomass productivity, total lipid content, maximum lipid productivity, carbon content, and CO_2 fixation ability of the two microalgal strains were obtained. The corresponding parameters of the two strains were as follows:((142.42±4.58) g/(m~2·d),(149.92±1.80) g/(m~2·d)),((39.95±0.77)%,(37.91±0.58)%),((84.47±1.56) g/(m~2·d),(89.90±1.98) g/(m~2·d)),((45.98±1.75)%,(46.88±2.01)%), and((33.74±1.65) g/(m~2·d),(34.08±1.32) g/(m~2·d)). Results indicated that the two marine microalgal strains with high CO_2 fixation ability are potential strains for marine biodiesel development coupled with CO_2 emission reduction.     

青藏高原苟鲁错近几十年环境变化的湖泊沉积记录

通过对青藏高原苟鲁错湖泊沉积物碳酸盐含量,粒度、C值的综合分析,得出湖泊流域气候近几十年来气候呈干暖化趋势。另外,通过苟鲁错附近五道梁和沱沱河气象站统计资料和湖泊沉积特性的对比分析,说明通过碳酸盐、粒度、C值等综合指标对重建苟鲁错流域古气候是可行的,这为苟鲁错流域古气候重建提供了参考和依据。     

模拟增雨对荒漠土壤古菌多样性的影响

为探讨生长季增雨对荒漠土壤中古菌群落结构的影响,根据内蒙古磴口多年平均降水量,设计了模拟增雨试验,包括对照、2个增雨时段（生长季前期与后期）、每个时段2个增雨梯度（50%与100%）共计5种处理。增雨后提取荒漠土壤总DNA,对古菌群落编码16S rRNA基因的V4区进行Hiseq测序,分析古菌群落丰度、多样性及结构组成等。结果表明：该地区荒漠土壤中古菌群落均以奇古菌门（Thaumarchaeota）和广古菌门（Euryarchaeota）为优势菌群。NMDS和3种非相似性分析（MRPP、ANOSIM和Adonis）表明,生长季前期增雨未显著改变古菌的群落结构,生长季后期增雨显著改变了古菌的群落结构,当生长季后期增雨量达到100%时,古菌丰富度和多样性显著降低。与氨氧化过程密切相关的奇古菌门（Thaumarchaeota）相对丰度在生长季后期100%增雨条件下显著增加,将促进荒漠土壤的硝化过程。Mantel检验发现荒漠土壤古菌群落结构受土壤湿度、土壤温度、土壤硝态氮含量的影响。未来全球变化背景下降水格局变化将会对荒漠土壤古菌群落结构产生影响,并可能影响氮循环过程。     

Morphological Studies on Four Brackish Water Ciliates of the Class Spirotrichea(Protista,Ciliophora)

We reinvestigate the morphology of two oligotrich and two hypotrich ciliates collected from the coasts of north and south China, viz., Parallelostrombidium obesum Liu et al., 2015, Spirostrombidium apourceolare Liu et al., 2013, Protogastrostyla pulchra(Pereyaslawzewa, 1886) Gong et al., 2007, and Uncinata bradburyae(Gong et al., 2001) Luo et al., 2015. All the populations match well with the original samples identified in previous studies. Supplemental taxonomic data were supplied for these four species of the new populations. The species Parallelostrombidium obesum is characterised by its dorsal-ventrally flattened body shape with anterior and posterior ends transversely truncating, as well as two thigmotactic membranelles and girdle kinety that spirals around the cell one and a half times. Spirostrombidium apourceolare is characterised by its elongate ellipsoidal and dorsal-ventrally flattened body shape, two thigmotactic membranelles, about 11-27 ovoid macronuclear nodules, and girdle kinety that spirals around the cell twice with two undulations. Protogastrostyla pulchra is characterised by its elongate body shape and unique, caudally located food vacuole. Based on the new populations, we described the smaller cortical granules, clustered around dorsal bristles for the first time. The new population of Uncinata bradburyae shares the diagnostic features with the type population, which include prominent beak-like projection in anterior region, the conspicuous gap of adoral zone, proximalmost adoral membranelles distinctly elongated, and infraciliature.     

河床地貌演变研究的计算机方法——河床冲淤计算和地形图绘制

本文在建立河床“箱式模型”的基础上,根据河床随机分布地形特征点的地形参数,研究推导了计算河床网格分割结点高程的双线性插补加权平均法;按照长方体、断面、柱体分割计算河床沙体体积,求其冲淤量和根据结点的地形参数,建立河床地形数字模型,自动绘制等高线地形图的计算方法.并根据本文方法,对实验室人工塑造的五次地壳间歇运动形成的河床,进行了冲淤量计算和地形图的自动编绘.     

新型电磁阻尼器性能初步研究

开发研制新型耗能减振器是抗震减灾的需要.用强磁性材料制做电磁阻尼器是创新的工作,对电磁阻尼器的构造、基本性能、运动参数(如频率和幅值)及几何参数(如涡流板厚度和面积)对其性能影响等进行了研究.研究结果表明:随着频率、幅值、工作面积的增大,阻尼力会增大;而且由于电磁阻尼器的构造简单巧妙、工作频率宽、性能较好,因此可以广泛应用于土木、汽车及机械等领域的减振(震),是一种很有前途的减振器.     

基于多智能体的洪涝风险动态评估理论模型

随着全球气候变化的加剧和城市化进程的快速发展,洪涝灾害的影响和复杂性日益加剧。洪涝灾害风险评估是一项复杂的系统工程,在防洪减灾工程理论与实践中具有重要意义;作为洪涝灾害风险管理和应急处置的基础和核心,风险评估模型直接影响洪涝灾害风险评估结果的可靠性。洪涝灾害风险是洪涝灾害复杂系统组成部分相互作用的结果,综合考虑洪涝灾害系统的特点以及智能体建模的优势,提出了一种基于多智能体的洪涝风险动态评估理论模型。首先从复杂系统建模的角度出发,对洪涝灾害复杂系统进行分析建模,构建基于多智能体的洪涝灾害风险动态评估框架模型;其次,对所构建的框架模型中单个智能体模型进行研究,分别建立基于反应型的孕灾环境智能体模型和基于慎思型的致灾因子、承灾体和风险分析智能体模型,并对以上单个智能体的流程进行研究;然后以风险分析智能体联盟为例对模型框架中所涉及到4类智能体联盟的内部结构和流程进行分析,对构建的框架模型中涉及到的智能体通信协调和作用规则进行探讨;最后,在Netlogo平台上,基于30 m DEM数据和构建的模型,对淮河流域的暴雨型洪涝孕育发生发展全过程的人口风险进行动态评估。结果表明,构建的模型能有效评估洪涝灾害全过程中人口风险的动态。研究结果对洪涝灾害人口灾情评估、应急救助和应急管理都具有较强的指导意义。     

autologistic方法在湖南张家界市土地利用格局模拟中的应用(英文)

Nowadays,spatial simulation on land use patterns is one of the key contents of LUCC.Modeling is an important tool for simulating land use patterns due to its ability to inte-grate measurements of changes in land cover and the associated drivers.The conventional regression model can only analyze the correlation between land use types and driving factors, but cannot depict the spatial autocorrelation characteristics.Land uses in Yongding County, which is located in the typical karst mountain areas in northwes...     

不同适温海洋富油微藻在富碳培养条件下的油脂积累特性研究

本实验分别针对3株低温藻株:微拟球藻Nannochloropsis sp.ZL-12、四爿藻Tetraselmis chui ZL-33和小球藻Chlorellasp.ZL-45,3株中温藻株:球等鞭金藻Isochrysis galbana CCMM5001、等鞭金藻Isochrysis sp.CCMM5002和微拟球藻Nannochloropsis sp.CCMM7001,3株高温藻株:微拟球藻Nannochloropsis sp.JN1、绿色巴夫藻Pavlova viridis JN2和海洋小球藻Chlorellasp.JN3,研究了在通入0.03%(空气)、5%、10%3个CO2浓度梯度条件下的生长特性,同时考察了其总酯及中性脂的累积情况。结果显示,富碳培养有利于不同温度条件下9株藻株的生长,除微拟球藻Nannochloropsis sp.CCMM7001最适生长的CO2浓度为5%外,其余8株藻株最适生长的CO2浓度均为10%。在低温和高温条件下,6株海洋富油微藻在通入10%CO2时具有最大生物量产率,在中温条件下球等鞭金藻和等鞭金藻在通入10%CO2时获得最大生物量产率,而微拟球藻在通入5%时获得最大生物量产率,随着CO2浓度的增加,9株藻株的总脂含量和中性脂含量有明显提高。低温和中温藻株的总脂含量高于高温藻株的总脂含量,从中性脂的累积规律来看,9株藻株均在平台期的累积达到最大值,GC-MS分析结果表明,9株微藻适合制备生物柴油的C14~C18系脂肪酸相对含量在不同CO2条件下基本保持不变,维持在90%左右。实验结果显示,所研究的藻株作为富油高固碳优良藻株,具备用于海洋生物质能耦合CO2减排开发的潜力。