Optical Properties of C-rich(12C,SiC and FeC)Dust Layered Structure of Massive Stars

The composition and structure of interstellar dust are important and complex for the study of the evolution of stars and the interstellar medium(ISM).However,th...     

风景名胜区规划实施的景观生态效应——以南京市幕燕风景名胜区为例

景观生态学不仅可为风景名胜区的规划设计提供新的理论和方法 ,而且通过对规划实施后可能引起的景观生态效应的研究 ,还可以为进一步完善改进规划提供重要的科学依据。本文以南京市幕燕风景名胜区为例 ,从风景区的景观格局、景观生态质量、景观稳定性等方面分析了风景区规划实施的景观生态效应 ,并据此提出改进完善风景区规划的建议。     

First isolation and characterization of a new species of Vibrio from diseased flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus Temminck et Schlegel)

Appropriate pathogenic bacteria were isolated from diseased (or dead) flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus L) occurring in a mariculture farms of Qinhuangdao, which all diseased fishes expressed bacterial septicaemia. The phenotypic information of the 12 pure cultures was studied extensively, including morphological characteristics, colony characteristics in different media, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and the mole fraction G C ratio of the DNA for representative strain. The results show that the isolates belong to a new species of Vibrio, and are designated as Vibrio qinhuangdaora sp.nov, by the area from which the diseased flounders are collected (Qinhuangdao) based on its biological properties following Rules of International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria. At the same time,studies on the serum homology ofisolates, and pathogenicity of isolates were conducted by experimental infection. The results show that all the isolates are of serologic similarity, and the isolates have strong pathogenicity to flounder. The studies can extensively reflect the main biological properties of this new species of Vibrio.     

Late Mesoproterozoic rifting in Arctic Canada during Rodinia assembly: impactogens,trans‐continental far‐field stress and zinc mineralisation

This paper challenges the conventional interpretation of a major, economically important Mesoproterozoic intracratonic rift system as a group of aulacogens, proposing instead that they are rifts that developed in response to far‐field stress caused by continent–continent collision (impactogens) during supercontinent assembly. The tectonostratigraphic evolution of the Bylot basins (Arctic Canada) records dramatic alternations between extensional and compressional stress regimes, precluding an aulacogen interpretation and favouring an impactogen interpretation. New geochronological data (U–Th–Pb whole‐rock depositional age; detrital zircon signatures) provide a record of impactogens that developed in Laurentia's interior as a result of Grenvillian (~1.1 Ga) far‐field stress during assembly of the supercontinent Rodinia. Formation of the world‐class Nanisivik zinc deposit in one of the rifts is temporally associated with the Grenvillian orogeny, and consequently represents both (i) a rare exception to the global pattern of few ore deposits forming during supercontinent episodes, and (ii) a hitherto unrecognised tectonic setting for carbonate‐hosted zinc deposits.     

The effect of temperature on the seepage transport of suspended particles in a porous medium

The main purpose of this study is to experimentally investigate the effect of temperature on the seepage transport of suspended particles (SP) with a median diameter of 10–47 μm in a porous medium for various seepage velocities. The results show that the rise of temperature accelerates the irregular movements of SPs in the porous medium and reduces their migration velocity. As a result, the pore volume corresponding to the peak value of the breakthrough curves is apparently delayed, and the peak value in the effluent is decreased. The migration velocity of SPs decreases with increasing particle size, regardless of the Darcy velocity and temperature. The longitudinal dispersivity of SPs decreases slightly with increasing temperature and then remains almost unchanged. Larger particles experience more irregular movements induced by the limit of pore size, which leads to a larger dispersivity. The deposition coefficient increases with increasing temperature, especially in the case of a high seepage velocity, and then tends to be stable. The deposition coefficient for large‐sized particles is higher than that for small‐sized particles, which can be attributed to the restriction of large‐sized particles by the narrow pores in the porous medium. The recovery rate decreases slightly with the increase of temperature until a critical value is reached, beyond which it remains almost unchanged. In summary, temperature is a significant factor affecting the transport and deposition of SPs in the porous medium, and the transport parameters such as particle velocity, dispersivity, and deposition coefficient.     

Evaluation of seasonal patterns of hydraulic redistribution in a humid subtropical area,East China

Antecedent soil moisture or soil moisture status has a great impact on hydrological processes. Hydraulic redistribution (HR), a widely observed phenomenon, is defined as water distributed (typically at night) from moist soil to drier soil via plant roots, which plays an important role in soil moisture replenishment. Knowledge on seasonal patterns of HR and on the relationship between HR and soil water use is not fully understood. We investigated temporal variations in HR and total daily water use (Δθ) at stands of camphor and peach by monitoring soil moisture content in a humid region in eastern China. HR at the three locations reached its maximum values in summer (0.68 mm d⁻¹ to 1.15 mm d⁻¹) at depths of 15 cm and 35 cm. Redistributed water replenished 41% of water depleted in the soil at a 5–45-cm depth. Interestingly, normalized HR (i.e., HR/Δθ) showed a constant pattern during the growing season implying it is independent of seasonal climate alterations. This also indicated that HR had a stable effect on the replenishment of daily water use. Positive linear relationships between HR and Δθ were found at three measuring locations (camphor: R² = .35, p < .01; peach1: R² = .57, p < .01; peach2: R² = .63, p < .01), suggesting a relatively stable inherent linkage between HR and Δθ. This study suggested that hydrological processes involving soil moisture status or antecedent soil moisture, needs to take the HR effect into account across timescales from intraday to seasonal.     

The effect of estimating areal rainfall using self‐similarity topography method on the simulation accuracy of runoff prediction

Rainfall input for hydrologic modelling is assumed uniformly distributed over the entire catchment. This can lead to significant errors. Investigations of areal rainfall in mountain areas are typically limited by a lack of adequate meteorological and hydrogeological records. This study focuses on areal rainfall in mountain areas within the Kaidu River Basin, China, with the aim of analyzing the influence of areal rainfall on the simulation accuracy of runoff prediction. We conducted a simulation using MIKE 11/NAM rainfall‐runoff model over 92 days of the rain season and compared the simulation error in different methods. On the basis of properties of self‐similarity degree (SSD) in analyzing the detailed characteristics of terrain, areal rainfall was calculated to model the runoff. The results of the model simulations are generally consistent with observed data, indicating that the self‐similarity topography method is able to reflect the spatial change of rainfall. This indicates that the proposed methodology is applicable for the management of water resources in mountain area. The modelling and self‐similarity topography method study allowed quantification of the spatial rainfall and provided an insight into their implications in hydrological forecasting. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Global and local sensitivity analyses for coupled thermo–hydro–mechanical problems

This paper focuses on the sensitivity analysis for coupled thermo–hydro–mechanical problems employing both local and global sensitivity methods. A derivative‐based method is used in the local sensitivity approach, whereas the random balance designs method is used for the global sensitivity analysis. The main goal is to investigate the effect of uncertainties in the constitutive parameters on the results from nonlinear coupled thermo–hydro–mechanical analyses of unsaturated soil behavior whose modeling generally involves large sets of constitutive relations. Knowing the parameter sensitivity allows to qualitatively assess the validity of the results obtained by computational simulations of high‐risk situations, for example, emerging nuclear waste repositories. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.