甘肃祁连山主动源重复探测项目建设及震源重复性分析

甘肃祁连山主动源重复探测激发源位于甘肃省张掖市祁连山西流水水库,2015年7月9日各系统开始正式运行,11月10日完成了为期40天的连续激发实验。观测资料处理结果表明,气枪震源具有良好的一致性和可重复性,整个观测系统能比较清晰地记录到震源激发的信号。祁连山主动源项目建设取得的结果可为主动源探测工作提供宝贵经验和科学借鉴,不断取得的观测数据为跟踪了解祁连山地区的深部结构时空变化提供了可能。     

Seismic dynamic monitoring in CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> flooding based on characterization of frequency-dependent velocity factor

The phase velocity of seismic waves varies with the propagation frequency, and thus frequency-dependent phenomena appear when CO₂ gas is injected into a reservoir. By dynamically considering these phenomena with reservoir conditions it is thus feasible to extract the frequency-dependent velocity factor with the aim of monitoring changes in the reservoir both before and after CO₂ injection. In the paper, we derive a quantitative expression for the frequency-dependent factor based on the Robinson seismic convolution model. In addition, an inversion equation with a frequency-dependent velocity factor is constructed, and a procedure is implemented using the following four processing steps: decomposition of the spectrum by generalized S transform, wavelet extraction of cross-well seismic traces, spectrum equalization processing, and an extraction method for frequency-dependent velocity factor based on the damped least-square algorithm. An attenuation layered model is then established based on changes in the Q value of the viscoelastic medium, and spectra of migration profiles from forward modeling are obtained and analyzed. Frequency-dependent factors are extracted and compared, and the effectiveness of the method is then verified using a synthetic data. The frequency-dependent velocity factor is finally applied to target processing and oil displacement monitoring based on real seismic data obtained before and after CO₂ injection in the G89 well block within Shengli oilfield. Profiles and slices of the frequency-dependent factor determine its ability to indicate differences in CO₂ flooding, and the predicting results are highly consistent with those of practical investigations within the well block.     

Damage assessment for seismic response of recycled concrete filled steel tube columns

A model for evaluating structural damage of recycled aggregate concrete filled steel tube (RCFST) columns under seismic effects is proposed in this paper. The proposed model takes the lateral deformation and the effect of repeated cyclic loading into account. Available test results were collected and utilized to calibrate the parameters of the proposed model. A seismic test for six RCFST columns was also performed to validate the proposed damage assessment model. The main test parameters were the recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement percentage and the bond-slip property. The test results indicated that the seismic performance of the RCFST member depends on the RCA contents and their damage index increases as the RCA replacement percentage increases. It is also indicated that the damage degree of RCFST changes with the variation of the RCA replacement percentage. Finally, comparisons between the RCA contents, lateral deformation ratio and damage degree were implemented. It is suggested that an improvement procedure should be implemented in order to compensate for the performance difference between the RCFST and normal concrete filled steel tubes (CFST).     

Numerical evaluation of the effect of fracture network connectivity in naturally fractured shale based on FSD model

In this paper, the effect of pre-existing discrete fracture network (DFN) connectivity on hydraulic fracturing is numerically investigated in a rock mass subjected to in-situ stress. The simulation results show that DFN connectivity has a significant influence on the hydraulic fracture (HF) & DFN interaction and hydraulic fracturing effectiveness, which can be characterized by the total interaction area, stimulated DFN length, stimulated HF length, leak-off ratio, and stimulated total length. In addition, even at the same fluid injection rate, simulation models exhibit different responses that are strongly affected by the DFN connectivity. At a low injection rate, total interaction area decreases with increasing DFN connectivity; at a high injection rate, total interaction area increases with the increase of DFN connectivity. However, for any injection rate, the stimulated DFN length increases and stimulated HF length decreases with the increase of connectivity. Generally, this work shows that the DFN connectivity plays a crucial role in the interaction between hydraulic fractures, the pre-existing natural fractures and hydraulic fracturing effectiveness; in return, these three factors affect treating pressure, created microseismicity and corresponding stimulated volume. This work strongly relates to the production technology and the evaluation of hydraulic fracturing effectiveness. It is helpful for the optimization of hydraulic fracturing simulations in naturally fractured formations.     

传递函数在场地振动台模型试验中的应用研究

利用场地大型振动台试验,基于传递函数理论,计算得到场地的相对传递函数和绝对传递函数,并对两类传递函数特征以及利用两类传递函数计算场地动力特性参数的差异性进行了对比,并对采用传递函数进行场地频域动力响应估算的可行性和准确性进行了分析。研究结果表明：相对传递函数和绝对传递函数的虚部重合,采用两种传递函数虚部计算场地动力参数具有等同性,且采用两种传递函数虚部曲线计算得到的动力特性参数较为准确;固有频率的计算适合采用两种传递函数的虚部或是相对传递函数的模;场地阻尼比的计算宜采用两种传递函数的虚部或绝对传递函数的模;利用两种传递函数实部、虚部或模计算得到的场地加速度振型是一致的;利用传递函数估算场地频域动力响应是可行的,且相对传递函数的估算结果更加准确。该研究对传递函数在场地动力特性参数计算及场地频域响应估算方面进行了有益的尝试。     

三维注浆模型试验系统研制及应用

为研究注浆扩散规律和加固机制,研制了三维注浆模型试验系统,该系统由承载试验台、伺服稳压供水单元、注浆单元、多元信息监测单元及图像采集单元组成。该系统主要功能包括不同岩体介质中参数灵活可调的多孔注浆、多序次注浆模拟试验及被注岩体内部物理场信息实时采集,其主要优势体现在：（1）试验腔设计为组合桶式结构,密封性强,拆卸方便,利于注浆加固体细部研究;（2）多腔气动联合控制水压加载方式可提供持续稳压的地下水环境;（3）多元信息并行实时监测系统可同时采集被注岩体内不同空间位置的总压力、孔隙水压力及位移等信息,实现注浆过程中物理参量时空变化规律的研究。利用该试验系统进行黏土介质单孔注浆和多孔分序次注浆模拟试验,获得注浆压力p变化特征及土体内部力学响应规律：p - t曲线呈多个波峰-波谷旋回,表征劈裂注浆为主的加固模式;注浆荷载作用下,总压力、孔隙水压力、有效应力与注浆压力基本同步变化,注浆结束点达到峰值,其后开始衰减并逐渐趋于稳定;与单孔注浆相比,多孔、多序次注浆可显著提高土体有效应力,黏土逐渐压缩固结,力学性质改善。试验表明,黏土介质以劈裂注浆为主,不同序次浆脉间接触关系复杂,可划分为剪切劈裂、原位顺层劈裂及入侵劈裂3种基本模式;采用多孔、小注浆速率试验方法,可减小围岩扰动,增大注浆量及土体压缩固结程度,提高注浆加固效果。研究成果对揭示黏土介质注浆机制具有一定的科学价值。     

表层岩溶带土壤温度和体积含水率对夏季暴雨事件的响应

为揭示表层岩溶带土壤温度和体积含水率对暴雨事件的响应机制,利用HOBO土壤温度和体积含水率监测仪,连续监测2014年7-8月20 cm和70 cm土壤温度与体积含水率。结果表明:研究区域20 cm土壤温度呈日变化,这种日变化格局主要受到大气温度日变化的影响,70 cm土壤温度总体上呈上升趋势,主要受到夏季大气环流使气温升高的影响。夏季暴雨事件降低了20 cm深度的土壤温度、增加其土壤体积含水率,并且导致70 cm处土壤温度先增高后降低、土壤体积含水率升高。土壤体积含水率较低情况下,暴雨事件使得浅层较高温度土壤水快速向下移动引起升温,而后土壤体积含水率到达一定阈值后,便能够快速响应降水事件。研究表明,岩溶地区不同深度土壤温度和体积含水率受到夏季降水事件的影响存在差异。浅层土壤能够快速的响应暴雨事件,深层土壤温度和体积含水率对暴雨事件的响应不仅受到降水量阈值的影响,而且也受到表层土壤温度和体积含水率的制约。      

天水市麦积区幅黄土滑坡发育分布特征及其孕灾因素分析

基于野外调查和室内资料综合整理, 对天水市麦积区幅范围内438处体积大于1×104 m3的黄土滑坡进行了分类统计对比分析。研究结果表明, 麦积区幅内黄土滑坡具有空间上发育不均衡, 时间上多期活动的特点, 表现为区域上黄土滑坡分布不均匀, 各区域滑坡体平均厚度差异大, 滑坡多沿沟谷呈不对称带状分布, 滑坡多发育在坡度为15°—30°斜坡上等。受地质构造、地形地貌、地层岩性等环境地质条件控制, 幅内滑坡主要是因地震和降雨诱发形成。      

信息渠道对城市居民迁居空间的影响——以南京为例

根据搜寻空间理论,网络渠道能够提供比传统渠道更多的住房信息,减少居民迁居过程中对原住房周边区域的依赖,从而扩大了居民迁居的搜寻范围。但是,与远程办公和住房选择关系的研究相比,学者较少关注网络渠道对居民实际迁居空间的影响。基于南京城区居民迁居活动调查数据,利用三维核密度和多项式逻辑回归模型,重点分析不同信息渠道使用者的迁居时空特征、信息渠道对使用者迁居空间的影响。研究发现,近年来网络渠道已经成为居民迁居过程中的主导住房信息获取方式,其使用者的迁居距离大于传统渠道使用者,丰富了现有关于ICT对居民迁居空间影响的学术研究,也为城市住房信息管理和住房空间规划提供借鉴。