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911.
912.
中国北方2021年3月中旬持续性沙尘天气的特征及其成因 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
沙尘天气是多发于中国北方春季的灾害性天气,严重危害农业生产、交通运输、空气质量和人民的生命财产安全,长期受到社会各界的广泛关注。利用多源多尺度数据,采用天气学分析、物理量诊断、轨迹分析等方法对2021年3月中旬西北地区东部一次持续性沙尘重污染天气的成因进行了深入分析。结果表明:(1)受强烈发展的蒙古气旋影响,蒙古国南部及中国内蒙古中西部地区于3月14日首先出现强沙尘暴天气,并将沙尘传输至中国西北、华北、东北一带,西北东部的沙尘天气维持达到5 d。(2)沙尘天气维持期,西北东部中低层以弱上升运动为主,大气层结稳定,且西北东部不断有弱锋生发展,不利于沙尘的沉降;自北向南分布的银川、中卫、兰州3站的垂直螺旋度的波动与污染浓度的变化基本一致;混合层高度较其气候平均值明显偏低,不利于大气湍流发展。(3)此次影响西北东部的沙尘主要由蒙古国输入,近20年中蒙边境、蒙古国南部的植被减少可能是此次沙尘天气的沙源主要来自蒙古国南部的原因。 相似文献
913.
Changes in vegetation phenology are key indicators of the response of ecosystems to climate change. Therefore, knowledge of growing seasons is essential to predict ecosystem changes, especially for regions with a fragile ecosystem such as the Loess Plateau. In this study, based on the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data, we estimated and analyzed the vegetation phenology in the Loess Plateau from 2000 to 2010 for the beginning, length, and end of the growing season, measuring changes in trends and their relationship to climatic factors. The results show that for 54.84% of the vegetation, the trend was an advancement of the beginning of the growing season (BGS), while for 67.64% the trend was a delay in the end of the growing season (EGS). The length of the growing season (LGS) was extended for 66.28% of the vegetation in the plateau. While the temperature is important for the vegetation to begin the growing season in this region, warmer climate may lead to drought and can become a limiting factor for vegetation growth. We found that increased precipitation benefits the advancement of the BGS in this area. Areas with a delayed EGS indicated that the appropriate temperature and rainfall in autumn or winter enhanced photosynthesis and extended the growth process. A positive correlation with precipitation was found for 76.53% of the areas with an extended LGS, indicating that precipitation is one of the key factors in changes in the vegetation phenology in this water-limited region. Precipitation plays an important role in determining the phenological activities of the vegetation in arid and semiarid areas, such as the Loess Plateau. The extended growing season will significantly influence both the vegetation productivity and the carbon fixation capacity in this region. 相似文献
914.
裂隙性为黏土的主要特性之一。探讨黏土的开裂规律,对于分析地裂缝成因机理,开展预测研究具有重要的理论意义和工程价值。通过室内试验,研究了黏土干燥收缩过程中含水率的变化规律。分别制备不同厚度、宽度、含砂量的试样,获得不同条件下黏土失水过程含水率的变化规律。在试验所设定的条件下,土体开裂时的含水率很接近,平均约为33.48%;当样品宽度不变时,土层越厚,含水率变化速率越小;当样品厚度相同时,宽度不同,含水率变化速率几乎相同;当厚度、宽度都相同时,含水率变化速率随含砂量的增大而减小。对于同一样品,土体厚度越大,样品裂隙率越小;土体厚度相同时,样品的裂隙率随着样品宽度的增大先减小后增大,且样品的开裂周期与样品的裂隙率同步变化。 相似文献
915.
Incorporating spatial interaction patterns in classifying and understanding urban land use 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Xi Liu Chaogui Kang Li Gong 《International journal of geographical information science》2016,30(2):334-350
Land use classification has benefited from the emerging big data, such as mobile phone records and taxi trajectories. Temporal activity variations derived from these data have been used to interpret and understand the land use of parcels from the perspective of social functions, complementing the outcome of traditional remote sensing methods. However, spatial interaction patterns between parcels, which could depict land uses from a perspective of connections, have rarely been examined and analysed. To leverage spatial interaction information contained in the above-mentioned massive data sets, we propose a novel unsupervised land use classification method with a new type of place signature. Based on the observation that spatial interaction patterns between places of two specific land uses are similar, the new place signature improves land use classification by trading off between aggregated temporal activity variations and detailed spatial interactions among places. The method is validated with a case study using taxi trip data from Shanghai. 相似文献
916.
Ke Wang Daoqin Tong Kai Wang Wei Wang Jianya Gong 《International journal of geographical information science》2016,30(6):1207-1227
Precipitation stations are important components of a hydrological monitoring network. Given their critical role in rainfall forecasting and flood warnings, along with limited observation resources, determining the optimal locations to deploy precipitation stations presents an important problem. In this paper, we use a maximal covering location problem to identify the best precipitation station sites. Considering the terrain conditions and the characteristics of a rainfall network, the original maximal covering location model is modified with the introduction of a set of additional constraints. The minimum density requirement is used to determine a precipitation station’s coverage range, and three weighting schemes are used to evaluate each demand object’s covering priority. As a typical mountainous watershed with high annual precipitation, the Jinsha River Basin is selected as the study area to test the applicability of the proposed method. Results show that the proposed method is effective for precipitation station configuration optimization, and the model solution achieves higher coverage than the real-world deployment. Compared with the commercial solver CPLEX, a genetic algorithm-based heuristic can significantly reduce the computation time when the problem size is large. Several deployment strategies are also discussed for establishing the optimal configuration of precipitation stations. 相似文献
917.
918.
919.
Atmospheric variability is driven not only by internal dynamics, but also by external forcing, such as soil states, SST, snow, sea-ice cover, and so on. To investigate the forecast uncertainties and effects of land surface processes on numerical weather prediction, we added modules to perturb soil moisture and soil temperature into NCEP’s Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS), and compared the results of a set of experiments involving different configurations of land surface and atmospheric perturbation. It was found that uncertainties in different soil layers varied due to the multiple timescales of interactions between land surface and atmospheric processes. Perturbations of the soil moisture and soil temperature at the land surface changed sensible and latent heat flux obviously, as compared to the less or indirect land surface perturbation experiment from the day-to-day forecasts. Soil state perturbations led to greater variation in surface heat fluxes that transferred to the upper troposphere, thus reflecting interactions and the response to atmospheric external forcing. Various verification scores were calculated in this study. The results indicated that taking the uncertainties of land surface processes into account in GEFS could contribute a slight improvement in forecast skill in terms of resolution and reliability, a noticeable reduction in forecast error, as well as an increase in ensemble spread in an under-dispersive system. This paper provides a preliminary evaluation of the effects of land surface processes on predictability. Further research using more complex and suitable methods is needed to fully explore our understanding in this area. 相似文献
920.
北冰洋航路是未来全球航运的重点开拓领域,海冰运动对北冰洋航路开发有重要影响。本文利用风云三号卫星中分辨率光谱成像仪(FY-3/MERSI)数据的特点和优势,研究北冰洋流冰自动提取和运动跟踪的方法。首先在分析流冰灰度分布特征的基础上,提出分区域阈值分割与梯度差分相结合的方法实现块状流冰提取,然后根据块状流冰的多种几何特征匹配同名流冰并计算其运动速度。应用这种方法跟踪2011年6月弗雷姆海峡流冰运动,跟踪结果与美国国家冰雪数据中心提供的极地网格化日均海冰运动矢量整体趋势一致,验证了方法的有效性。这种方法获取各块流冰实际运动速度,可以有效弥补网格化海冰运动平均速度场分布和细节的不足,为北冰洋航路开发提供更详细的流冰运动信息。 相似文献