An Effective Method for Free Vibration of Plate on Elastic Half Space

The vibration analysis of a plate on an elastic foundation is an important problem in engineering. It is the interaction of a plate with the three-dimensional half space and the plate is usually loaded from both the upper and lower surfaces. The contact pressure from the soil can not be predefined. According to Lambs solution for a single oscillating force acting on a point on the surface of an elastic half space, and the relevant approximation formulae, a relation between the local pressure and the deflection of the plate has been proposed. Based on this analysis, the reaction of the soil can be represented as the deformation of the plate. Therefore, the plate can be separated from the soil and only needs to be divided by a number of elements in the analysis. The following procedure is the same as the standard finite element method. This is a semi-analytical and semi-numerical method. It has been applied to the dynamic analysis of circular or rectangular plates on the elastic half space, at low or high frequency vibration, and on rigid, soft or flexible foundations. The results show that this method is versatile and highly accurate.     

华南泥盆纪海平面变化节律及圈层耦合关系

在加里东不整合面之上的华南纪盆系中,可识别出20个正层序和相对应的海平面变化旋回,其中下泥盆统9个,中泥盆统5.5个,上泥盆统5.5个。它们可归并为4个正层序组,最大海泛面分别位于sulcatus带(D_1~2),perbonus带(D_1~3),中、上varcus带(D_2~2)和gigas带(D_3~1)。对埃姆斯期和吉维期4个海平面变化的瞬间状态,进行了瞬时古地理再造。华南泥盆纪海平面变化节律可分为三类:自节律;全球性他节律、区域性他节律;耦合节律,它们分别发育于法门期;布拉格期、艾费尔期;洛赫科夫期、埃姆斯期、吉维期、弗拉斯期和法门期/弗拉斯期之交(F/F)事件期。处于相对干暖和宁静期的布拉格期和艾费尔期全球性他节律海平面变化的原因,难以用冰川和构造机制解释,可能与海洋盆地容积或地球体积的脉动膨缩有关。F/F事件期的耦合节律海平面变化是地内外因素、圈层协同行为和耦合效应的灵敏标志。     

Sedimentary characteristics of the Jurassic Zhiluo Formation and uranium deposits in Zhiluo-Diantou area,southern Ordos Basin

Diantou uranium deposits and multiple uranium mineralization sites have been discovered in the sandstones in the lower member of the Jurassic Zhiluo Formation in the southern Ordos Basin. However, the study on the sedimentary facies of the Zhiluo Formation, which restricts the prospecting work of sandstone-type uranium deposits. Based on the outcrop measurements and drilling core cataloging, and combined with the geological drilling data of petroleum, coal, and nuclear industry, we have elaborated the sedimentary characteristics of the Zhiluo Formation in the Fuxian area. We have also combined uranium source, structure, post-alteration and other factors to explore the relationship between sedimentary faces and uranium metallogenic conditions in the study area. The study found that in the lower member of the Jurassic Zhiluo Formation, the thickness of the sand body is 30-65 m and sand ratio is 0.6-0.75. It is gravel and sandy braided river deposit. In the upper member of the Jurassic Zhiluo Formation, the thickness of the sand body is 10-38 m, and the sand ratio is 0.15-0.45 and is a meandering river deposit. The study area is located at the center of the lake basin and sedimentary facies is coastal shallow lacustrine in the upper member of the Jurassic Zhiluo Formation. Sedimentary environment, sedimentary facies, the intersection of braided river channels, sand body thickness, sediment particle size and mudstone interlayer play an important role in controlling uranium mineralization. The exploration of uranium deposits in the northern part of the deposit should focus on the intersection or bifurcation of the braided river channel in the lower part of the Zhiluo Formation. The charcoal- and pyrite-bearing sandstone of channel bar can be used as a prospecting indicator for uranium mineralization.     

黄河沉积物中稀土元素(REE)组成的粒度效应*

依据Stokes颗粒沉降原理将黄河利津水文站和汊河清八站的表层沉积物分别提取为<2μm,2~4μm,4~8μm,8~16μm,16~32μm和32~63μm的6个粒级,采用ICP-MS法对各个粒级沉积物的15个稀土元素进行测试。结果表明:黄河沉积物两个样品REE含量随粒度增大的变化趋势有细微差别,但总体随粒度大小呈"高—低—高"的不对称马鞍型分布,其中最高REE含量和最低REE含量分别位于<4μm的粘土粒级和4~16μm细粉砂粒级中; 各粒级沉积物经北美页岩标准化后,REE的配分模式一致,呈平缓的右倾型,相对富集轻稀土,明显的Eu正异常和Ce负异常。对各个粒级样品进行X射线衍射分析及体视镜下观测,石英含量随粒级增大而增加, 长石在8~16μm中含量最高,在16~32μm中,碳酸岩含量最高,随着粒级增大,重矿物含量逐渐增加,黄河沉积物REE随粒度的变化特征与粘土矿物对其吸附及流域碎屑沉积物不同粒级的矿物成分密切相关。     

关于非史密斯地层的几点思考

非史密斯地民支是指那些经历过不同程度变形，变质，变位，现存特征与其沉积时明显不同，甚至面目全非的无序或部分有序的地层－岩石体（区）；非史密斯地层可划分为褶断地层类，韧变地层类和杂岩类，非史密斯地层的研究方向和技术路线可概括为分类，分区（带）分块（片）→形成，变位，变形和变质标志分析→区域地层的原生时空结构分析→确定构造地层带→建立岩石，年代地层系统，非史密斯地层学的出现是造山带地质深入研究的产物，     

1990-2005年广州城市土地覆被景观变化

Urbanization has been the most important process that changed land cover landscape in Guangzhou since reformation, especially since 1990. It is essential for monitoring and assessing ecological consequences of urbanization to understand landscape quantitative characteristics and its changes. Based on four land-cover type maps interpreted from remote sensing TM images of 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2005, combining gradient analysis with landscape metrics, the quantified spatial pattern and its dynamics of urbanization in Guangzhou was got. Three landscape metrics were computed within different regional areas including the whole study area, two transects along two highways (one N-S and the other W-E) and radiation zones with equal distance outwards the city center were set. Buffer zones for transects N-S and W-E were outlined along highways. The following questions should be answered in this paper: What responses were implied with changing spatial grain size or extent for landscape pattern analysis? Could gradient progress of urbanization be characterized by landscape pattern analysis? Did landscape metrics reveal urban expanding gradually? Were there directional differences in land cover landscape pattern during urbanizing development? The results gave some affirmative answers. Landscape pattern exhibited obviously scale-dependent to grain size and extent. The landscape metrics with gradient analysis could quantitatively approach spatial pattern of urbanization. A precise location for urbanized area, like city center and sub-center, could be identified by multiple landscape metrics. Multiple adjunctive centers occurred as indicated by analysis of radiation zones around the city center. Directional differences of landscape pattern along the two transects (N-S and W-E) came into being. For example, fragmentation of landscape in the transect W-E was obviously higher than that in the transect N-S. All in all, some interesting and important ecological implications were revealed under landscape patterns of two transects or radiation zones, and that was the important step to link pattern with processes in urban ecological studies and the basis to improve urban environment.     

哀牢山亚热带常绿阔叶林林区太阳辐射特征

利用中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园哀牢山森林生态系统研究站林外自动气象站2005-02到2007-12的辐射观测数据,对哀牢山北部山顶亚热带常绿阔叶林林区的太阳辐射平衡各分量的年、季节和日变化特征进行了分析,得出哀牢山林区太阳辐射年总辐射为5 146.4 MJ/(m2·a),干季的太阳总辐射量(2 764.7 MJ/m2)占全年总量的53.7%,雨季的太阳总辐射量(2 381.7 MJ/m2)占全年总量的46.3%.各辐射分量年值占总辐射年值的百分率为净辐射41.3%,反射辐射21.O%,有效辐射37.7%.太阳辐射各分量占太阳总辐射的比率在不同的季节由于天气状况和大气中含水量的不同存在一定的差异,反射辐射和有效辐射的分配率均是干季大于雨季,净辐射的分配率则是雨季大于干季.从全年来看,净辐射分配率的变幅最大(31.1%～51.9%),有效辐射次之(28.6%～48.6%),反射辐射最小(18.4%~24.2%);从分配率的日变化可知,反射辐射和有效辐射均是清晨和傍晚较高,昼间较小,净辐射则相反,各辐射分量分配率在昼间的变化均较小.不同季节各辐射分量占总辐射的比重不同,干季有效辐射所占比重最大,其次是净辐射,反射辐射最小;雨季净辐射所占比例最大,其次是有效辐射,反射辐射最小.与相近纬度的鼎湖山和鹤山林区相比,哀牢山林区总辐射量高于两地,而年均气温(热量)低于两地,由此可以认为哀牢山林区在较低的气温条件下能分布大面积的中山湿性常绿阔叶林,且生长繁茂、发育良好,较强的太阳辐射应是其重要原因之一.     

贵州草海近21 ka以来有机地球化学记录反映的古环境变化*

草海位于黔滇交界,主要受印度夏季风的影响,其湖沼沉积物记录了中—晚第四纪的环境变化历史,是研究第四纪环境和季风演变的良好载体。本研究选取的南屯NT03钻孔,岩心长405 cm,在放射性碳同位素(AMS¹⁴C)测年基础上建立了年代序列,并进行了沉积物的色差值(L^*)、烧失量(LOI550)、总有机碳(TOC)、碳氮比(C/N)和有机稳定碳同位素(δ13Corg)等古环境替代指标的测试。实验结果显示,L^*、LOI550和TOC等3个有机碳含量指标同步变化,共同指示该钻孔序列经历了3个沉积环境演变阶段,即末次盛冰期晚期(21—15 cal ka BP)河流—冲积相沉积阶段、冰消期至早中全新世(15—4 cal ka BP)高湖面湖泊—沼泽相沉积阶段和晚全新世(4 cal ka BP以来)洪冲积相沉积阶段。近2万年以来草海湖沼面积经历的收缩→扩张→收缩演变过程与石笋氧同位素变化基本吻合,表明季风降雨是引起草海湖泊水体和周边生态系统变化的主要因素。δ13Corg指标变化范围为-29.28‰~-24.19‰,表明草海盆地周围植被组成在末次盛冰期以来C4草本虽然略有增加,但均以C3植物为主。同时,TOC和δ13Corg指标证明了B/A冰消期暖事件对盆地边缘区的湿地泥炭富集起到关键作用,而多指标揭示了近4 ka以来水域变浅并发展成为冲积环境的过程,也可能与石笋记录的夏季风减弱所带来的降水量减少有关。     

Hydrogen and oxygen isotope evidence for fluid–rock interactions in the stages of pre- and post-UHP metamorphism in the Dabie Mountains

Hydrogen and oxygen isotope studies were carried out on high and ultrahigh pressure metamorphic rocks in the eastern Dabie Mountains, China. The δ¹⁸O values of eclogites cover a wide range of −4.2 to +8.8‰, but the δD values of micas from the eclogites fall within a narrow range of −87 to −71‰. Both equilibrium and disequilibrium oxygen isotope fractionations were observed between quartz and the other minerals, with reversed fractionations between omphacite and garnet in some eclogite samples. The δ¹⁸O values of −4 to −1‰ for some of the eclogites represent the oxygen isotope compositions of their protoliths which underwent meteoric water–rock interaction before the high to ultrahigh pressure metamorphism. Heterogeneous δ¹⁸O values for the eclogite protoliths implies not only the varying degrees of the water–rock interaction before the metamorphism at different localities, but also the channelized flow of fluids during progressive metamorphism due to rapid plate subduction. Retrograde metamorphism caused oxygen and hydrogen isotope disequilibria between some of the minerals, but the fluid for retrograde reactions was internally buffered in the stable isotope compositions and could be derived from structural hydroxyls dissolved in nominally anhydrous minerals.     

基于植被指数和土地表面温度的干旱监测模型

干旱是一种周期性发生的自然现象,其发生过程中有关参数如地表覆盖度、温度和土壤表层含水量等可以通过遥感的途径进行定量反演,而这些参数客观地反映了地表的综合特征。综述了运用遥感反演产品---土地表面温度和归一化植被指数在干旱监测中的应用前景和进展,分析了距平植被指数、条件植被指数、条件温度指数和归一化温度指数等干旱监测方法的优缺点,在前人研究的基础上,提出了条件植被温度指数的干旱监测模型,探讨了其应用前景。