集成型与智能型测绘卫星工程发展及其关键技术

航天对地观测已经成为全球对地观测的主要手段。本文简单梳理了国际上现有大地测量类对地观测卫星的概况,侧重分析了我国地形测量类对地观测卫星的贡献和存在的问题,未来对地观测卫星的发展趋势,载荷集成型综合测绘卫星发展的可能性及其面临的主要技术瓶颈。总体认为集成型测绘卫星尽管单星观测效率高,但是整体观测效益不高;分析了微小卫星密集组网型对地观测的可能性及其相应的关键技术,包括载荷模块化设计、卫星小型化设计、卫星最佳组网技术、数据传输技术、卫星在轨弹性调配技术和星上数据快速处理技术等;对未来智能卫星对地观测进行了展望,提出了相应的关键技术,包括星上观测智能识别技术、星间智能传输与星地智能传输技术、星上和地面智能数据处理技术等。此外,卫星的智能避障、运载火箭落点的智能跟踪和智能控制也是航天对地观测需要考虑的发展方向。     

高铁测量中的投影变形处理方法探讨

首先对长度投影综合变形情况做了分析,然后介绍投影变形的处理方法的原理,讨论了它们的优缺点,其中也提出了一些自己的看法,这对铁路测量方面具有借鉴作用。     

Approximation Theory Applied to DEM Vertical Accuracy Assessment

Existing research on DEM vertical accuracy assessment uses mainly statistical methods, in particular variance and RMSE which are both based on the error propagation theory in statistics. This article demonstrates that error propagation theory is not applicable because the critical assumption behind it cannot be satisfied. In fact, the non‐random, non‐normal, and non‐stationary nature of DEM error makes it very challenging to apply statistical methods. This article presents approximation theory as a new methodology and illustrates its application to DEMs created by linear interpolation using contour lines as the source data. Applying approximation theory, a DEM's accuracy is determined by the largest error of any point (not samples) in the entire study area. The error at a point is bounded by max(|δ_node|+M₂h²/8) where |δ_node| is the error in the source data used to interpolate the point, M₂ is the maximum norm of the second‐order derivative which can be interpreted as curvature, and h is the length of the line on which linear interpolation is conducted. The article explains how to compute each term and illustrates how this new methodology based on approximation theory effectively facilitates DEM accuracy assessment and quality control.     

MapGIS与MapStar在城市地图更新多边形拓扑重建中的应用研究

多边形拓扑重建是城市地图更新建库工作中关键性的一步,针对MapStar中拓扑重建的存在的问题,笔者采用MapGIS建拓朴,MapStar赋属性两者相结合的一种方法,能快速完成的多边形拓扑关系的重建,提高建库速度,实验证明,采用此方法,在城市地图更新建库工作过程中可提高30%-40%的工作效率。     

利用VLBI观测对ERP参数和月地距变化相关性的研究

处理了2000-01～2012-06的VLBI观测数据,提取了ERP地球自转参数信息,通过JPL的DE405星历计算得到了2000-01～2012-06的月地距时间序列;消除日长变化、极移和月地距时间序列趋势项,采用频谱分析的方法求得它们的周期;根据解算的周期推测日长变化和日地距可能存在相关性,并验证了推测.     

Application of the TaiWan Ionospheric Model to single-frequency ionospheric delay corrections for GPS positioning

The performance of a three-dimensional ionospheric electron density model derived from FormoSat3/COSMIC GPS Radio Occultation measurements, called the TaiWan Ionosphere Model (TWIM), in removing the ionospheric delays in single-frequency pseudorange observations is presented. Positioning results using TWIM have been compared with positioning results using other ionospheric models, such as the Klobuchar (KLOB) and the global ionospheric model (GIM). C/A code pseudoranges have been observed at three International GPS Service reference stations that are representative of mid-latitude (BOR1 and IRKJ) and low-latitude (TWTF) regions of the ionosphere. The observations took place during 27 geomagnetically quiet days from April 2010 to October 2011. We perform separate solutions using the TWIM, KLOB, GIM ionospheric models and carry out a solution applying no ionospheric correction at all. We compute the daily mean horizontal errors (DMEAN) and the daily RMS (DRMS) for these solutions with respect to the published reference station coordinates. It has demonstrated that TEC maps generate using the TWIM exhibit a detailed structure of the ionosphere, particularly at low-latitude region, whereas the Klobuchar and the GIM only provide the basic diurnal and geographic features of the ionosphere. Also, it is shown that even for lower satellite elevations, the TWIM provides better positioning than the Klobuchar and GIM models. Specifically, using TWIM, the difference of the uncorrected solution (no ionospheric correction), and the other solutions, relative to the uncorrected solution, is 45 % for the mean horizontal error (DMEAN) and 42 % for the horizontal root-mean-square error (DRMS). Using Klobuchar and GIM, the percent for DMEAN only reaches to about 12 % and 3 %, while the values for the DRMS are only 12 and 4 %, respectively. In the vertical direction, all models have a percentage of about 99 and 70 % for the mean vertical error (VMEAN) and vertical root-mean-square error (VRMS), respectively. These percentages show the greater impact of TWIM on the ionospheric correction compared to the other models. In at least 40 % of the observed days and across all stations, TWIM has the smallest DMEAN, VMEAN, DRMS, and VRMS daily values. These values reach 100 % at station TWTF. This shows the overall performance of TWIM is better than the Klobuchar and GIM.     

重庆市住房保障信息系统建设及应用

本文在对重庆市住房保障管理业务进行分析的基础上,结合实际工作,以廉租住房和公共租赁住房为例,就如何建立一体化的住房保障信息系统进行了介绍,重点对该系统如何确保保障性住房公平、公开、透明的分配,如何提高保障性房源的高效利用进行了介绍。     

基于网站群理念和架构的国家土地督察网站群建设实践

随着政府网站的建设和发展,网站群已成为电子政务发展的一种新模式。本文对立足于网站群理念和架构的国家土地督察网站群的建设实践进行了介绍,详解了国家土地督察网站群建设思想、建设原则、总体框架、技术路线、信息分类和栏目规划等。国家土地督察网站群为政府网站群的建设积累了有益经验。     

Revealing the spatiotemporal characteristics of the general public's panic levels during the pandemic crisis in China

The existing crisis management research mostly reveals the patterns of the public's panic levels from the perspectives of public management, sociology, and psychology, only a few studies have revealed the spatiotemporal characteristics. Therefore, this study investigates the spatial distribution and temporal patterns and influencing factors on the general public's panic levels using the Baidu Index data from a geographic perspective. The results show that: (1) The public's panic levels were significantly correlated with the spatial distance between the epicenter and the region of investigation, and with the number of confirmed cases in different regions when the pandemic began to spread. (2) Based on the spatial distance between the epicenter and the region, the public's panic levels in different regions could be divided into three segments: core segment (0–500 km), buffer segment (500–1300 km), and peripheral segment (>1300 km). The panic levels of different people in the three segments were consistent with the Psychological Typhoon Eye Effect and the Ripple Effect can be detected in the buffer segment. (3) The public's panic levels were strongly correlated with whether the spread of the infectious disease crisis occurred and how long it lasted. It is suggested that crisis information management in the future needs to pay more attention to the spatial division of control measures. The type of crisis information released to the general public should depend on the spatial relationship associated with the place where the crisis breaks out.