氨基多糖多孔微球载体制备及其脲酶固定化特性

以脱乙酰度为 95 % ,分子量分别为 98KDa和 1 1 30 KDa的氨基多糖为载体材料 ,采用三聚磷酸钠固定的方法制成氨基多糖微球 ,并以此氨基多糖微球为载体用戊二醛交联法进行脲酶固定化研究。结果表明 :在 3%复合氨基多糖溶液中大、小分子量氨基多糖质量比为 1∶ 5时微球载体机械强度较好 ,表面光滑。用 Ca CO3 (w/w=1 /1 )处理则可得到表面具有蜂窝状结构的多孔微球载体 ;光滑表面微球载体与多孔微球载体对脲酶的固定化效率分别是 5 1 .5 %和 6 8% ;用 1 .5 cm× 1 5 cm柱进行尿素转化时间 1 2 min,光滑表面微球载体固定化脲酶和多孔微球载体固定化脲酶对尿素溶液(30 0 mg/L)转化率分别为 91 .8%和 99.99%。这一结果说明 ,利用多孔微球载体可有效地提高载体对脲酶的固定化效率 ,并且能彻底的分解尿素 ,提高尿素转化率     

海洋天然气水合物勘探地震处理的最小平方反滤波设计及其应用

地震勘探的BSR识别技术是发现海洋天然气水合物的最经济、快捷、方便、有效的方法.在地震处理识别上,对子波的精确处理是水合物地震资料处理中最关键的一个环节,采用最小平方误差准则,即利用实际输出与期望输出的误差平方和为最小的条件,来确定反滤波因子,因此又称为最小平方子波整形.在地震处理程序中引入三种期望输出,即俞氏子波、雷克子波、Buttworth子波,对子波零相位化有较好的效果.根据上面的原理,我们开发了一套最小平方反滤波地震处理软件,对天然气水合物地震勘探资料进行试处理的结果表明,该软件在提高分辨率的同时保持了较高的信噪比.     

西北太平洋多源微波辐射计海表温度数据交叉比对分析

海表温度产品是研究全球海洋大气系统的重要数据源,在海洋相关领域的研究和应用方面具有重要价值。以西北太平洋海域为研究区域,本文对2013年和2014年3个微波辐射计海表温度产品(AMSR-2,TMI和WindSat)的产品特性和Argo浮标进行了真实性检验,并对3个传感器数据进行了交叉比对分析,具体涉及海表温度分布、温度梯度分布、观测点分布、匹配点分布、平均偏差分布、均方根误差分布、统计分析结果的逐月演变和海表温度误差棒分析。结果表明,3个微波辐射计在空间尺度上都能比较一致地反映西北太平洋海域的海表温度变化趋势。但遥感数据与浮标数据却存在季节性变化和昼夜差异,其中冬季微波数据与浮标数据的平均偏差和均方根误差较小,降轨数据与浮标数据的结果更接近。AMSR-2的海表温度数据质量比TMI和WindSat的海表温度数据更接近Argo数据。相比于WindSat和TMI,AMSR-2和TMI的海表温度数据质量更为接近,但是由于受到近岸陆地信号干扰,AMSR-2和TMI离岸100 km以内海域的数据应当慎用。     

Distribution,trends and drivers of precipitation use efficiency in the loess plateau

Against the background of climate change, the global carbon and water cycle has undergone significant changes, and it is of great significance to explore the interrelationships of the carbon and water cycles in different regions to cope with future climate change. In this study, based on gross primary productivity (GPP) and precipitation (PRE) data, the precipitation use efficiency (PUE) of the Loess Plateau (LP) was calculated, and the Sen trend analysis and Mann-Kendall test were used to analyse the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of PUE, as well as the first-order difference method was used to derive the relative contributions to quantify the impact of vegetation growth and meteorological factors on PUE. The results show that (1) from 2001 to 2018, the spatial distribution pattern of vegetation PUE exhibited an increasing trend from northwest to southeast. On the time scale, the multi-year average value of PUE was 1.17 gC m⁻² mm⁻¹, showing an overall upward trend. Among the different land cover types, paddy fields had the highest PUE level, and sparse grassland had the lowest; (2) LAI had the highest relative contribution to vegetation PUE, followed by temperature (Temp), net radiation of the ground surface (RN), specific humidity (Shum), and wind speed (WS). LAI contributes positively to 88.9% of the area. RN positively influences high-altitude areas, while Shum had a larger area with a negative contribution. The contribution of Temp increases from northwest to southeast, and WS has balanced positive and negative contributions; (3) LAI is the dominant factor for the spatial and temporal variation of PUE in the LP, and the size of the areas where different meteorological factors dominate the changes of PUE are as follows: WS > Shum>RN > Temp. At high altitudes, the dominant meteorological driver is WS, while at low altitudes, the dominant climate driver is Shum. This study is of guiding significance for the ecological restoration and management of the LP, and it can also provide a scientific basis for the improvement of ecosystems and the sustainable management of water resources in the context of global climate change.     

北京市CORS网基准站数据处理与精度分析

应用GAMIT软件对北京市CORS网基准站数据进行了处理,分析研究了基准站坐标及速度场的变化规律,并给出了基准站坐标和速度场精度的统计分析结果。结果显示：坐标分量的变化趋势为线性;坐标残差的变化为随机曲线;N,E方向精度优于2mm;高程方向精度优于5mm;基准站运行稳定。     

Study on forecast scenarios for simulation of future urban growth in Shenyang City based on SLEUTH model

The SLEUTH urban growth model was used to simulate future urban growth patterns and to explore potential environ-mental impacts of urban development under different conditions of development in Shenyang City, China. The SLEUTH model was calibrated with historical data (1988-2004) extracted from a time series of TM satellite images, and the future growth was pro-jected out to 2030 assuming three different policy scenarios: (1) current trends scenario (Scenario CT), (2) regional policy and ur-ban planning sce...     

广东丹霞山红色成因的矿物学研究

广东丹霞山作为丹霞地貌的典型代表和命名地,对于其独具特色的红色成因至今仍存在争议,本文利用光学显微镜、X射线粉末衍射以及电子探针微区分析对丹霞山红色地层石英砂岩开展了矿物学研究.结果 表明,该石英砂岩中含有的主要矿物为石英、长石和云母等.红色物质主要呈团簇状、串珠状和浸染状3种状态,分布于胶结物和基质中,并在矿物表面形成一层薄膜,使岩石宏观上呈红色.Fe元素是致红色的关键,其来源可能是非晶态的铁氧化物,属于赤铁矿的无定形早期形态或铁络合物的形式.铁镁硅酸岩等母体矿物的继承,以及被地下水机械渗透的碎屑和粘土矿物,都能够为染色提供直接的铁来源.丹霞山的红色是在沉积后改造形成的,地下水的参与促进了长石等矿物的溶解,导致次生孔隙的发育和含铁物质的沉淀.含氧水环境的持续更新有利于溶蚀作用和胶结作用的进行,促使蚀变过程中释放出来的铁和溶液中的铁不断沉淀,导致红色加深,最终形成丹霞山广泛分布的红色地层.对于丹霞山红色成因的研究,有利于为以丹霞山为代表的丹霞地貌红色成因和致色机理研究提供新的科学理论依据.     

贵州水银洞地热水水化学特征与成因

以贵州水银洞地区地热水为研究对象,作piper三线图、聚类谱系图、散点图等对该区地热水水化学特征进行分析,并利用氢氧同位素对热水补给来源、循环深度分析,结合PHREEQC进行水文地球化学模拟对热水成因进行研究.结果 表明,地热水属于低中矿化度的弱碱性水,阳离子以Ca2+、Na+为主,阴离子以SO42--、HCO3-为主,水化学类型以HCO3-·SO42-Ca2+为主,少量HCO3-·SO42-Na+型.氢氧同位素特征及Na-K-Mg三线图表明,热水主要来源于大气降水,水岩程度较低,补给高程1657～2232m,循环深度1295～1790m,热储温度56.82～74.16℃.用PHREEQC进行水文地球化学模拟得到4个模型,均显示地热水形成过程中消耗CO2、O2,黄铁矿被氧化,大量方解石、白云石溶解,并发生Na-Ca阳离子交换作用.大气降水于灰家堡背斜西侧40 km外出露的茅口组地层补给到含水层中,冷水穿过时氧化煤系地层及构造蚀变带中硫化物生成SO42-离子,并在运移过程中受到深大断裂输送的大地热流加热,热水储集在构造蚀变体中与围岩发生反应.硅酸盐矿物溶滤出Na+离子,方解石、白云石被溶解得Ca2+、Mg2+及HCO3-离子,同时在热水中发生Na-Ca阳离子交换作用.良好的储盖条件、发育的构造及热流使研究区形成以Ca2+、Na+、SO42-、HCO3-离子为主的地热水.     

一次性密码验证系统

简单介绍一次性密码系统机理,并与现有密码机制进行比较。一次性密码体现出诸多优势,其算法设计灵活、复杂度适中、计算量较小且安全性较高,这里给出了应用该算法设计的登陆系统的实现和工作原理。实践应用证明,该算法的登陆系统应用灵活性强,系统资源消耗小,这均表明该算法的高性能及高可用性。     

Response of Reactive Phosphorus Burial to the Sedimentary Transition from Cretaceous Black Shales to Oceanic Red Beds in Southern Tibet

The mechanism of sedimentary transition from the Cretaceous black shales to the oceanic red beds is a new and important direction of Cretaceous research. Chemical sequential extraction is applied to study the burial records of reactive phosphorus in the black shale of the Gyabula Formation and oceanic red beds of the Chuangde Formation, Southern Tibet. Results indicate that the principal reactive phosphorus species is the authigenic and carbonate-associated phosphorus (CaP) in the Gyabula Formation and iron oxides-associated phosphorus (FeP) in the Chuangde Formation which accounts for more than half of their own total phosphorus content. While the authigenic and carbonate-associated phosphorus (CaP) is almost equal in the two Formations; the iron oxides-associated phosphorus is about 1.6 times higher in the Chuangde Formation than that in the Gyabula Formation resulting in a higher content of the total phosphorus in the Chuangde Formation. According to the observations on the marine phosphorus cycle in Modern Ocean, it is found that preferential burial and regeneration of reactive phosphorus corresponds to highly oxic and reducing conditions, respectively, leading to the different distribution of phosphorus in these two distinct type of marine sediments. It is the redox-sensitive behavior of phosphorus cycle to the different redox conditions in the ocean and the controlling effects of phosphorus to the marine production that stimulate the local sedimentary transition from the Cretaceous black shale to the oceanic red beds.