北斗在南/北极地区的基本定位性能评估

基于BDS、GPS系统的星座结构,对当前的BDS二代导航系统（BD2）、全部建成后的BDS系统在极地科考站（黄河站、昆仑站、中山站、长城站）和北极圈的可见卫星数、DOP值、定位精度等进行评估,并将建成后的BDS、GPS及其组合系统在南/北极的基本定位性能进行对比分析。仿真结果表明,当前的BD2只实现了极地的部分覆盖,对极地提供导航定位的能力有限,大范围内的定位精度大于30.0 m; BDS在极地的定位精度将与GPS相当,可见卫星数可达13颗左右,PDOP值优于1.6,定位精度优于8.0 m;GPS/BDS组合后在极地的PDOP值优于1.4,定位精度优于6.0 m。
     

BDS卫星失效对区域定位精度的影响评估

基于STK软件实现了2016-09 BDS系统星座结构的仿真,并选取可见卫星数、DOP值、系统可用性作为评估BDS卫星星座设计结构的指标,分析单颗与全部倾斜轨道卫星（IGSO）、地球静止轨道卫星（GEO）失效后对我国大陆地区BDS系统可用性的影响。结果表明,IGSO4卫星与GEO5卫星失效后对BDS在区域的定位性能影响较大,失效后的GDOP值分别为1.98、2.16。取BDS卫星正常运行时区域平均GDOP最大值(S=2.60)作为系统可用性阈值时,系统可用性分别降低了1.79%、32.63%;阈值取2S(5.20)、3S(7.80)、4S(10.40)、5S(13.00)时,系统可用性均可达100.00%。GEO整体失效后BDS系统在高精度定位中仍部分可用,而IGSO整体失效后BDS系统可用性受到大幅度限制。因此,增加在轨备份卫星时需重点考虑GEO5、IGSO4,并适当增加IGSO卫星的数目。     

气压对巴伦台钻孔倾斜的影响特征及机制研究

以巴伦台钻孔倾斜及分量应变辅助观测气压数据为研究对象,运用相关及小波分析研究气压对巴伦台钻孔倾斜的影响特征。结果表明,气压对巴伦台钻孔倾斜影响表现为准线性关系,对NS向的影响大于EW向。气压对NS向影响的显著频段有2 048～8 192、32 768～65 536 min,对EW向影响的显著频段为2 048～8 192 min。探讨了气压对巴伦台钻孔倾斜的影响机制。     

Soil physicochemical properties and vegetation structure along an elevation gradient and implications for the response of alpine plant development to climate change on the northern slopes of the Qilian Mountains

Elevation is one of key factors to affect changes in the environment, particularly changes in conditions of light, water and heat. Studying the soil physicochemical properties and vegetation structure along an elevation gradient is important for understanding the responses of alpine plants andtheir growing environment to climate change. In this study, we studied plant coverage, plant height, species richness, soil water-holding capacity, soil organic carbon(SOC) and total nitrogen(N) on the northern slopes of the Qilian Mountains at elevations from2124 to 3665 m. The following conclusions were drawn:(1) With the increase of elevation, plant coverage and species richness first increased and then decreased, with the maximum values being at 3177 m.Plant height was significantly and negatively correlated with elevation(r=–0.97, P0.01), and the ratio of decrease with elevation was 0.82 cm·100 m-1.(2) Both soil water-holding capacity and soil porosity increased on the northern slopes of the Qilian Mountains with the increase of elevation. The soil saturated water content at the 0-40 cm depth first increased and then stabilized with a further increase of elevation, and the average ratio of increase was2.44 mm·100 m-1. With the increase of elevation, the average bulk density at the 0-40 cm depth first decreased and then stabilized at 0.89 g/cm3.(3) With the increase of elevation, the average SOC content at the 0-40 cm depths first increased and then decreased,and the average total N content at the 0-40 cm depth first increased and then stabilized. The correlation between average SOC content and average total N content reached significant level. According to the results of this study, the distribution of plants showed a mono-peak curve with increasing elevation on the northern slopes of the Qilian Mountains. The limiting factor for plant growth at the high elevation areas was not soil physicochemical properties, and therefore,global warming will likely facilitate the development of plant at high elevation areas in the Qilian Mountains.     

我国北方农牧交错带西段退耕对土壤保持功能影响研究

退耕还林（草）等生态工程对区域用地结构及生态系统服务功能产生了重要影响。本研究基于RUSLE模型,并辅以遥感监测与GIS空间分析方法,对北方农牧交错带西段2000-2015年退耕状况及其引起的土壤保持功能变化分3个时段（2000-2005年、2005-2010年及2010-2015年）进行了探究。结果表明：北方农牧交错带西段地区2000-2015年耕地面积净减少1663.83 km²,以转为林地、草地、建设用地为主,其中耕地转林、草地净减少面积为1113.64 km²,草地和未利用地是新增耕地的主要来源;15年间土壤保持功能提升显著,退耕还林（草）工程的实施使土壤保持量增加了56.50×10⁴ t,2005-2010年由退耕所带来的土壤保持增加量在3段时期中最高;不同坡度等级的生态退耕引起的土壤保持增加量差别较大,总体随着坡度升高呈下降趋势,但在25°以上的陡坡耕地由退耕还林（草）带来的土壤保持效益又有所升高。研究对于评估北方农牧交错带西段地区实施退耕还林（草）等工程的生态效益具有重要意义,并能为区域生态保护与修复工程的建设规划提供科学依据。     

中国大城市的城市组成对城市热岛强度的影响研究

城市的快速扩张诱发并加剧了城市热岛效应,对人类健康和生存发展提出严峻挑战,因此,探索城市组成对城市热岛的影响具有重要意义。本研究在传统城市热岛影响因子的基础上,重点分析城市组成与城市热岛的关系。以13个中国大城市为研究区,利用2015年夏季（6-8月）白天和夜间的MODIS LST数据计算城市热岛强度,并结合土地覆盖数据、人口、区位和气象数据,分析热岛强度和城市地表组成、地表空间格局、人口和区位4类因子的关系。研究结果表明：中国的13个大城市均存在不同程度的热岛效应,城市白天的热岛效应比夜间显著。影响城市白天热岛强度的主要因子为城市建筑用地和林地面积比例、城市建筑用地和林地平均斑块面积、城市建筑用地聚集度和人口密度。城市建筑用地和林地平均斑块面积、城市建筑用地聚集度和林地斑块密度是夜间热岛强度的主要影响因子。城市建筑用地面积和乡村林地面积的增加会导致城市热岛情况的加剧,而通过调节城市地表空间格局（减少平均建筑用地斑块面积和降低建筑用地斑块聚集度）可以更好地降低城市地表温度,减缓城市热岛效应。     

Google Earth Engine平台支持下的赣南柑橘果园遥感提取研究

赣南地区是中国柑橘主产区,柑橘种植产业经数十年发展已具较大规模。本文利用Google Earth Engine平台,使用2140景Landsat影像进行像元级融合,重构目标年份季节最小云量影像集,构建多维分类特征集,利用随机森林分类算法,实现了1990、1995、2000、2005、2010和2016年赣南柑橘果园的分布制图。结果表明：利用Google Earth Engine平台可实现大量遥感影像数据的高效处理;最小云量影像合成方法能够有效解决多云多雨地区高质量光学影像获取困难的问题;以最小云量影像合成构建的数据集,使用随机森林分类算法能够有效提取赣南柑橘果园,分类平均总体精度和Kappa系数分别为93.15%和0.90,分类效果良好;赣南柑橘果园面积由1990年9.77 km²扩大为2016年2200.34 km²,2005年以后呈大规模扩张趋势,果园分布由零星分布,逐步形成连片化的聚集分布特点,柑橘果园用地的主要来源为林地、灌丛和耕地。     

结合POI数据的道路自动选取方法

人们对道路重要性的认知与道路周边设施有重要关系,针对现有地图综合道路选取方法中对语义特征考虑不足的问题,将POI数据引入到道路的语义特征分析中,提出一种综合考虑道路空间特征和语义特征的道路综合自动选取方法。首先,结合POI位置数据构造了道路语义特征度量的3个新参量：设施点密度、重要设施比率和专题设施比率;然后,与道路长度、连接值、总深度值、平均线密度等反映道路几何、拓扑和分布特征的度量参量一起,通过归一化和熵值法赋权进行整合计算,得到道路重要性值;最后,综合考虑道路重要性值、道路stroke构成和stroke连通度的约束条件进行道路的分步选取。实验结果表明,该方法在保留主要道路、保持道路分布疏密特征和道路连通性的同时,较好地顾及了道路的语义特征信息。     

Molecular Characterization and Expression and DNA Methylation Analyses of a Galectin-Related Protein Gene from Cynoglossus semilaevis

Galectins,a family of ?-galactoside-binding proteins,participate in both innate immunity and adaptive immunity.This study identified one novel galectin-related protein from half-smooth tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis,which was designated as Cs GRP.The full-length c DNA of its encoding gene was 785 bp in length with a 528 bp open reading frame encoding a putative protein of 176 amino acids.The deduced Cs GRP contained a putative 131-aa galactoside-binding lectin domain and 3 critical residues responsible for carbohydrate binding(R~(93),W~(109) and R~(114)).Genomic structural analysis revealed that Cs GRP consisted of five exons and four introns.Cs GRP showed 68% similarity with Poecilia latipinna GRP and 67% similarity with Stegastes partitus GRP.Cs GRP showed the highest expression level in liver,although its expression was detected in all tested tissues.When challenged with Vibrio harveyi,the expression of Cs GRP was significantly down-regulated in liver(P 0.05).In addition,we found that in spleen and kidney of C.semilaevis,the Cp G island of Cs GRP showed significantly higher(P 0.05) methylation level in disease-resistant family of C.semilaevis(DR-Cs) than in disease-susceptible ones(DS-Cs).Our results suggested that Cs GRP may play important roles in the immune response of C.semilaevis.Moreover,DNA methylation patterns provided valuable data for understanding the relationship between epigenetic regulation and immunity,which would assist the animal genetic research and improve the animal breeding in the future.     

Seismogenic Structures of the 2006 ML4.0 Dangan Island Earthquake Offshore Hong Kong

The northern margin of the South China Sea, as a typical extensional continental margin, has relatively strong intraplate seismicity. Compared with the active zones of Nanao Island, Yangjiang, and Heyuan, seismicity in the Pearl River Estuary is relatively low. However, a ML4.0 earthquake in 2006 occurred near Dangan Island(DI) offshore Hong Kong, and this site was adjacent to the source of the historical M5.8 earthquake in 1874. To reveal the seismogenic mechanism of intraplate earthquakes in DI, we systematically analyzed the structural characteristics in the source area of the 2006 DI earthquake using integrated 24-channel seismic profiles, onshore–offshore wide-angle seismic tomography, and natural earthquake parameters. We ascertained the locations of NW-and NE-trending faults in the DI sea and found that the NE-trending DI fault mainly dipped southeast at a high angle and cut through the crust with an obvious low-velocity anomaly. The NW-trending fault dipped southwest with a similar high angle. The 2006 DI earthquake was adjacent to the intersection of the NE-and NW-trending faults, which suggested that the intersection of the two faults with different strikes could provide a favorable condition for the generation and triggering of intraplate earthquakes. Crustal velocity model showed that the high-velocity anomaly was imaged in the west of DI, but a distinct entity with low-velocity anomaly in the upper crust and high-velocity anomaly in the lower crust was found in the south of DI. Both the 1874 and 2006 DI earthquakes occurred along the edge of the distinct entity. Two vertical cross-sections nearly perpendicular to the strikes of the intersecting faults revealed good spatial correlations between the 2006 DI earthquake and the low to high speed transition in the distinct entity. This result indicated that the transitional zone might be a weakly structural body that can store strain energy and release it as a brittle failure, resulting in an earthquake-prone area.