Peatland initiation and carbon dynamics in northeast China: links to Holocene climate variability

Throughout northeast China, the widely distributed peatlands have formed a large carbon (C) pool. However, the relationship between peatland initiation and climate controls is still poorly documented and understood. Understanding the responses of these C‐rich ecosystems to past climate change will provide useful insights into projecting the fate of peatland C in the future. In this study, we present a detailed historical reconstruction of peatland development in northeast China based on 312 basal peat dates, and examine the relationship between Holocene peatland dynamics and climate sensitivity. Our results indicate that peatland initiation started in the early Holocene, and that the majority of peatlands were initiated by and developed during the late Holocene. After the most intensive initiation period of 4.2–0.8 ka, the rate of peatland development slowed, which was concomitant with decreasing insolation and monsoon intensity. The widespread peatland initiation in the late Holocene might have been caused by the cool and moist climate patterns. The optimum timing of the peatland development was not uniform across northeast China, and these spatio‐temporal differences indicate the influences of regional climate and terrain on peatland initiation. Peat‐core data show variations in the long‐term apparent rate of C accumulation (LORCA) during the Holocene, with an average rate of 37.2 g C m^?2 a^?1. The peak LORCA occurred during 10.5–9.0 ka, probably in response to higher temperatures and stronger East Asia summer monsoon intensities. Both temperature and humidity are important factors influencing the peatland initiation and C dynamics in this region.     

黑龙江三道湾子金矿Au-Ag-Te系列矿物特征及其成矿流体

本文采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和电子探针对黑龙江省三道湾子金矿中Au-Ag-Te系列矿物碲银矿、碲金银矿、针碲金银矿、斜方碲金矿和碲金矿进行了详细的矿物学研究,本次研究还发现Au2Te的存在。碲化物矿物多呈粒状或脉状分布于石英或硫化物矿物的裂隙中。Au-Ag-Te系列矿物中,Au含量与Ag含量呈负相关性,与Te含量呈弱的负相关性。结合Au-Ag-Te成分共生图解及镜下特征对金银碲化物矿物共生组合进行分析表明Te优先与Ag结合形成碲银矿或碲金银矿,只有成矿流体中Ag被大量消耗后,Te才与Au结合形成针碲金银矿、斜方碲金矿、碲金矿,最后当成矿流体中Te也被大量消耗后,Au才会形成自然金。氦、氩同位素研究表明石英—黄铁矿阶段流体包裹体中3He/4He值为0.01～0.03Ra,金银碲化物阶段3He/4He值为0.08～1.04Ra,指示金银碲化物阶段有大量地幔物质参与。     

富铜斑岩岩浆形成机制与演化过程

斑岩铜矿在现代经济和科学中扮演了重要的角色,已成为一种最重要的铜矿床类型。自Schwartz(1947)首次使用"斑岩铜矿(porphyry copper deposit)"术语以来,地质学家对其开展了系统研究,取得一系列重要进展。本文对斑岩铜矿成矿岩浆形成机制及演化过程的研究进展进行了总结与回顾。结果显示,富铜斑岩岩浆的形成经历了在洋壳俯冲或大陆岩石圈地壳拆沉机制下形成含矿岩浆,中间岩浆房岩浆的结晶分异与成矿流体、成矿物质的富集,以及富成矿流体与成矿物质的岩浆(富矿斑岩岩浆)上侵至地壳浅部结晶固化并与围岩、地下水相互作用等过程,斑岩铜矿是该"生产线"的"终端产品"。最后,本文对斑岩铜矿形成机制待进一步研究的一些问题进行了思考与概括。     

一种非板块深俯冲快折返的柯石英形成新机制——评析“石英—柯石英相变研究中若干问题讨论”一文

本文分析评论了嵇少丞等(2010)发表的"石英—柯石英相变研究中若干问题讨论"一文。指出他们对柯石英非俯冲折返新机制的一些误解,对某些热力学、物理学概念,及其在地学问题中的解释理解的不同。分析了机械球磨的作用机制;论证了机械球磨作用本质与构造挤压剪切作用本质的同一性。分析了岩石糜棱岩化过程的两个阶段;讨论了地震波形成柯石英机制的可能性。围绕比较标准问题,论证了高能机械球磨(预处理)能大大降低α-石英转变成柯石英的压力、温度和合成时间,促进柯石英的形成。用小尺度不均匀局域高压微区模型解释了人工合成柯石英的规律性、南极洲天然矿物的行为,柯石英的寄生矿物、岩石——锆石、榴辉岩包裹体、非包裹体的形成。列举事例澄清了"球磨引进的Fe杂质提高柯石英形成压力迟缓合成"的说法;讨论了第二相存在对石英—柯石英转变的影响和"应变禁区"边界区的应力梯度相变驱动力可以形成柯石英问题。指出了机械球磨石英原料预处理和静高压合成柯石英后处理两步法,是一种实验室研究柯石英形成规律的有效物理方法;小尺度不均匀局域高压微区模型和无需板块深俯冲快折返的柯石英形成机制,是一种有希望的柯石英形成新机制。     

一种适用于沉积有机质族组分分离的微型柱色谱法

硅胶-氧化铝柱色谱是广泛采用的沉积有机质组分分离方法。但在常规柱色谱分离方法中,存在吸附剂、溶剂使用量过大、烷烃/芳烃组分交叉严重等问题。介绍一种微型柱色谱分离法,其分离效果与常规方法的效果基本相同或略有改善,吸附剂用量与样品的比例由100～250降低为25～50,洗脱溶剂与样品的比例由1800～4600降低至250～500。同时,操作程序进一步简化,分析成本和对环境的污染程度大幅度降低。     

叶蜡石传压介质资源初步研究

分析国内叶蜡石传压介质材料供需状况，指出北京赵家台叶蜡石传压介质材料资源枯竭，虽然国内叶蜡石矿石资源丰富，但适宜作叶蜡石传压介质材料资源却极少，急需从资源和材料特性着手，加大研究力度，寻找新的接替资源。     

内蒙古达茂旗北部奥陶纪花岗岩类特征及其构造意义

研究区奥陶纪花岗岩分布于乌兰布拉格 -哥舍深大断裂 (槽台断裂 )以北 ,岩石类型主要有闪长岩、石英闪长岩、斜长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩。岩石中 Si O2 质量分数为 5 6.76%～ 69.2 4 % ,Al2 O3较高 (多 >1 6% ) ,富 Na2 O贫 K2 O,A/ CNK均 <1 .1 ,为准铝质的钙碱性岩石系列。稀土总量普遍较低 ,为 (63 .4 1～ 1 4 0 .61 )× 1 0 - 6 ,轻重稀土分馏强烈 ,铕异常不明显 (δEu=0 .95～1 .2 2 6)。痕量元素特征与典型的火山弧花岗岩相似。结合区域地质背景 ,认为该套花岗岩类为与洋壳消减有关的岛弧型花岗岩 ,岩浆起源于加厚陆壳的底部。从花岗岩的分布及迁移规律推测 ,华北陆块与其北缘增生带之间的早古生代洋壳可能是由南西向北东的斜向消减     

安徽铜陵地区蚀变流体填图方法的探讨

蚀变流体填图是一项区域流体地质调查研究工作 ,也是一项具有战略意义的、综合性的基础地质研究工作。区域大面积的流体填图工作的理论依据、思路方法、填图要素、技术要求和规范等还没有一套成熟的方法体系。在实施中国地质调查局和国土资源部科学技术司的“铜陵地区蚀变流体填图”项目中 ,探讨了流体填图的理论依据、思路方法、研究内容和填图要素 ,对填图单位制定了 3级填图单元等级体制 ,即流体系统流体子系统流体单元。在铜陵地区划分出 4个流体系统 ,7个流体子系统和 18个流体单元。     

Chronology and Geochemistry of Mesozoic Volcanic Rocks in the Linjiang Area,Jilin Province and their Tectonic Implications

Zircon U-Pb ages and geochemical analytical results are presented for the volcanic rocks of the Naozhigou, Ergulazi, and Sidaogou Formations in the Linjiang area, southeastern Jilin Province to constrain the nature of magma source and their tectonic settings. The Naozhigou Formation is composed mainly of andesite and rhyolite and its weighted mean 206Pb/238U age for 13 zircon grains is 222±1 Ma. The Ergulazi Formation consists of basaltic andesite, basaltic trachyandesite, and andesite, and six grains give a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 131±4 Ma. The Sidaogou Formation consists mainly of trachyandesite and rhyolite, and six zircon grains yield a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 113±4 Ma. The volcanic rocks have SiO2=60.24%–77.46%, MgO=0.36%–1.29% (Mg#=0.32–0.40) for the Naozhigou Formation, SiO2=51.60%–59.32%, MgO=3.70%–5.54% (Mg#=0.50–0.60) for the Ergulazi Formation, and SiO2=58.28%–76.32%, MgO=0.07%–1.20% (Mg#=0.14–0.46) for the Sidaogou Formation. The trace element analytical results indicate that these volcanic rocks are characterized by enrichment in light rare earth elements (LREEs) and large ion lithophile elements (LILEs), relative depletion in heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) and high field strength elements (HFSEs, Nb, Ta, and Ti), and negative Eu anomalies. Compared with the primitive mantle, the Mesozoic volcanic rocks in the Linjiang area have relatively high initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7053-0.7083) and low εNd(t) values (?8.38 to ?2.43), and display an EMII trend. The late Triassic magma for the Naozhigou Formation could be derived from partial melting of a newly accretional crust with the minor involvement of the North China Craton basement and formed under an extensional environment after the collision of the Yangtze Craton and the North China Craton. The Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks for the Ergulazi and Sidaogou Formations could be formed under the tectonic setting of an active continental margin related to the westward subduction of the Izanagi plate.     

内蒙古中部红格尔图地区花岗岩的成因及构造背景——LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学的制约

内蒙古察右后旗红格尔图花岗岩岩体位于索伦缝合带以南,主要为正长花岗岩和二长花岗岩,富硅(70.44%~78.80%),富碱(7.46%~10.74%),贫镁、铁、钛等,A/CNK值在0.95~1.41之间,碱铝指数AKI值在0.68~0.97之间,碱度率AR值在3.30~6.68之间,为弱过铝质-过铝质类碱性系列花岗岩;稀土元素总量变化范围大,轻稀土元素富集,重稀土元素亏损,Eu呈负异常(δEu=0.03~0.89);富集高场强元素Th、U、Hf、Ta、Y等,亏损大离子亲石元素Sr、Ba、Eu等;高场强元素和值((Zr+Nb+Ce+Y)350×10~(-6))明显偏低,该岩体属于高分异I型花岗岩,形成于后造山(后碰撞)伸展构造环境。LA-ICP-MS锆石同位素测年,获得锆石~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值分别为267.2±1.4Ma、269.2±1.6Ma和272.1±1.2Ma,表明该岩体形成于中二叠世,因此研究区内两大板块碰撞缝合的时间应该至少早于该岩体的形成时代,即应该至少早于267.2~272.1Ma。