杂交鲆(牙鲆♀×夏鲆♂)胚胎发育的初步观察

通过人工调控促使亲本牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)♀×夏鲆(Paralichthys dentatus)♂的性腺发育,人工干法授精获得杂交受精卵。杂交受精卵在温度为16.5~17.5℃,光照为100~400 lx,微充气条件下孵化。对杂交鲆胚胎发育全过程进行连续观察并与牙鲆及夏鲆的胚胎发育进行比较。结果表明:杂交鲆卵裂方式与其他大部分硬骨鱼类一样,属于盘状卵裂。受精后经过2 h 30 min进入2细胞期,7 h 45 min进入囊胚期,15 h 10 min进入原肠胚阶段,25 h 30 min进入神经胚期,49 h左右进入尾芽期。授精后63 h左右发现初孵仔鱼,68h左右50%的仔鱼孵出。在杂交鲆的胚胎发育中,主要有2个发育特征与母本类似而与父本不同:视囊的出现要早于体节的分化;孵化前,仔鱼在卵膜内环绕卵黄囊不到1周。但是在其孵化时间上却与父本相似。     

养殖杂色鲍暴发病超微病理学研究

从1999年至2002年在中国南方沿海许多养殖场的杂色鲍(Haliotis diversicolor Reeve)出现了严重的疾病,该病可感染各种规格的鲍,死亡很快,死亡率高。病鲍的外观症状表现为外套膜收缩,腹足表面变黑,肌肉变得僵硬。通过电镜观察,在肝胰腺、外套膜、肾、鳃及肠等组织中发现了一种球状病毒。病毒粒子大小为100～130nm。该病毒一般存在于间质细胞的细胞质中,为双层质膜所包裹。染病鲍细胞器如滑面内质网扩张、线粒体崩解,糖原粒、核糖体减少,核膜松疏、溶解、消失,核质边缘化。病毒的病原性通过对健康鲍的感染试验得到证实。     

青岛文昌鱼肌球蛋白重链基因片段的重组表达

将青岛文昌鱼(Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense)肌球蛋白重链基因片段亚克隆到pET-30a质粒,构建出重组表达载体并转化入大肠杆菌Escherichia coli BL21中.经SDS-PAGE和Western杂交检测表明,在IPTG诱导下含有重组载体的菌株可表达分子质量约30 ku的融合蛋白.诱导条件优化实验结果显示,该菌株经0.2 mmol/L IPTG诱导1 h就可大量表达此蛋白.可溶性实验确认该重组蛋白是可溶性蛋白.本研究为文昌鱼肌球蛋白重链特异性抗体的制备奠定了基础.     

On new species and records of Hydroidomedusae from the Changjiang River Estuary and its adjacent waters

1 IntroductionSamples of medusae collected from 37 stationsof the Changjiang River Estuary ( 28°0. 00′~32°19.60′N,121°6.52′~124°0.00′E) during14 ~16 June 2003,Altogether,164 qualitative andquantitative samples of the plankton are analyzed,and 49 s     

安徽黟县富硒土壤地球化学特征研究

通过开展黟县土地质量地球化学调查与富硒资源评价,查明黟县表层土壤硒元素平均值为0.523mg/kg,高于富硒土壤标准,相对于全国及安徽省江淮流域硒含量表现为富集特征;参照《天然富硒土地划定与标识》（试行）（DD 2019—10）圈定富硒土壤168.61km2,占调查区总面积的20.94%。通过分析硒元素在不同土壤类型及成土母质的分布特征,认为区内富硒土壤成因可分为两大类：(1)硒高背景岩石风化形成的富硒土壤;(2)土壤黏土矿物及有机质表层次生富集作用形成的富硒土壤。     

五种双壳贝类贝壳微观结构观察与成分分析

利用扫描电镜技术、X-射线粉末衍射技术和弱酸去钙法,对菲律宾蛤仔、文蛤、厚壳贻贝、泥蚶、缢蛏5种习见海洋经济贝类贝壳的断面微观结构、物相组成、有机基质和蛋白质含量等进行了观察和分析。电镜观察结果显示, 5种贝壳的微观结构主要包含棱柱层和珍珠层;棱柱层晶体结构有斜棱柱层、球棱柱层、棱柱层、均质层和交错板状层5种类型,其中缢蛏只有斜棱柱层,而泥蚶除球棱柱层外,其他4种晶体类型均存在,此复杂结构可能与其贝壳强度大有关;珍珠层晶体结构有珍珠层和肌棱柱层2种类型,其中厚壳贻贝的珍珠层呈典型的“砖-泥”结构,具有明显的层状结构,其余4种贝壳珍珠层均由不规则块状结构组成。X-射线衍射结果显示,菲律宾蛤仔、文蛤、缢蛏和泥蚶4种贝壳都属于文石质壳体,无机相几乎由文石组成,而厚壳贻贝属于混合质壳体,无机相由文石和方解石组成;贝壳化学成分分析显示,5种贝壳有机质含量均为3%左右,而总蛋白含量占有机质的2.98%～7.21%,其中可溶性蛋白是不可溶蛋白含量的5.55～20.31倍。上述结果为贝壳形成机理的研究积累了基础资料。     

Hybrids between olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus and stone flounder Kareius bicoloratus: karyotype, allozyme and RAPD analyses

The hybrid between olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus and stone flounder Kareius bicoloratus was produced by artificial insemination of olive flounder eggs with stone flounder Sperm. Sinistral and dextral are two types of hybrid progeny after metamorphosis. Karyotypes of both hybrid flounders are the same as those of the two parental species. Of the 22 loci examined from 12 allozymes,12 confirmed hybridization of the paternal and matemal loci in hybrids and no difference was found in allozyme patterns of sinistral and dextral hybrid fishes. RAPD patterns of these specimens were also studied with 38 primers selected from 104 tested. Among them, the PCR products of 30 primers showed hybridization of the paternal and maternal bands. Genetic variation between hybrids and their parental stocks was analyzed by RAPD using 10 of the above 38 primers. The average heterozygosity and genetic distance were calculated. The results suggested that the filial generation could inherit a little more genetic materials from paternal fish than that from maternal fish.     

蓄冰中央空调两级监控系统设计与实现

根据蓄冰中央空调的控制要求设计了一个基于西门子可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)的两级监控系统,现场工作站由PLC与触摸屏组成,作为现场监控及数据采集平台;管理工作站由工控计算机和打印机组成,作为主要的人机界面(HMI),除能打印数据及远程监控现场工作站外,还具有现场工作站的所有功能。实际运行结果表明,设计的监控系统能实时监视和控制蓄冰中央空调状态,有效地提高空调系统的制冷量及制冷效率。     

多变量分位数回归构建印度洋大眼金枪鱼栖息地指数

以0～300m水层加权平均水温、50～150m水层的温差和氧差及其交互变量为影响因子,运用分位数回归法,寻找出环境变量与大眼金枪鱼(Thunnus obesus)延绳钓钓获率的最佳上界分位数回归方程,计算出栖息地指数(HSI),并应用地理信息系统(GIS)软件绘制各月HSI空间分布图。研究表明:大眼金枪鱼延绳钓钓获率(HR)依加权平均水温(x)、温差(y)、氧差(z)与的最佳上界分位数回归方程为HR0.70=-15.596+2.124x-0.003x3+0.033xyz-0.036y2z+0.107yz2-0.337z3;HSI空间分布为:16°S—10°N印度洋海域HSI高于0.7,HSI>0.8的海域随季节发生显著变化,马达加斯加外海至100°E、16°S—26°S海域常年存在一片HSI<0.4的区域,26°S—40°S海域的HSI介于0.4～0.5,40°S以南海域HSI<0.4,东非外海季节性地出现一片HSI<0.6的海域。利用多个环境变量的栖息地指数模型来预测分析大洋金枪鱼资源分布效果较好。     

Inheritance Pattern of Microsatellite Loci and Their Use for Kinship Analysis in the Japanese Scallop Patinopecten yessoensis

The inheritance mode of seven microsatellite markers was investigated in Patinopecten yessoensis larvae from four con-trolled crosses,and the feasibility of using these markers for kinship estimation was also examined. All the seven microsatellite loci were compatible with Mendelian inheritance. Neither sex-linked barriers to transmission nor major barriers to fertilization between gametes from the parents were evident. Two of the seven loci showed the presence of null alleles in two families,suggesting the...