A STUDY ON MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF OIL POLLUTANTS IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT: DECRADATION OF CRUDE OIL AND DIESEL OIL

Monthly collected water samples from two different stations in the Xiamen Harbor in one whole year were analysed for crude oil and diesel oil degradation by nature microbe flora. The results indicate that the difference between degradation rates of the two stations is related to the material type, temperature, oil degradation bacteria counts of the environment and season. The degradation velocity of diesel and crude oil in seawater is influenced by microbial degradation time. The calculated degradation velocity of crude oil and diesel oil by natural microbe flora in Xiamen Harbor sea areas based on the measured degradation rates were 0.02-0.19g/d·m2and0.004-0.61 g/d·m2 respectively. This provides, to a certain extent, a scientific basis for preliminary evaluation of the oil pollutant purification capacity of the described sea areas.     

渤海海水中悬浮体的研究

陆源悬浮体是边缘海海底沉积物的主要来源.所以,悬浮体(suspended matter)的调查研究是解决边缘海海底沉积作用的一个重要环节.当我们研究河口附近海域以及海底沉积物的通量平衡过程时,也必须对悬浮体的分布及其数量变化等进行调查.     

长江口海域有害重金属转移机理——Ⅱ.粘土矿物对重金属吸附作用的热力学和动力学的实验室模拟研究

关于控制水体中重金属含量的因素,六十年代以来文献陆续有所报导.在海水体系中粘土矿物对重金属的固定作用的研究,较早期的有Chester(1965)的伊利石吸附海水中钴和锌的研究.近五年来又见有Rermers[1]、Murray[2]、Meyers[3]、O'conner[4]、Weijden[5]以及Robin[6]等进一步分别探讨了粘土矿物对重金属吸附作用的影响因素、吸附能力及吸附动力学等问题,其中有的还提出了吸附作用的模式.     

Instrumentation and Numerical Analysis of Cylindrical Diaphragm Wall Movement During Deep Excavation at Coastal Area

The lateral deflection of a cylindrical diaphragm wall and the associated ground movement induced by deep excavation are analyzed by performing site instrumentations and numerical analyses in the coastal area of Korea. Wall lateral deflection, rebar stress, and pore water pressure were measured and analyzed in eight directions. Variations of soil properties with the decrease of confining pressure are compared by performing various in situ tests before ad after excavation. To calculate the wall lateral deflection accurately, the effects of small strain nonlinearity, confining pressure, and the hysteresis loading/unloading loop developed during excavation are considered in the proposed numerical analysis. By comparing numerical results with measured ones, the importances of considering small strain nonlinearity and confining pressure reduction in the nonlinear (FEM) are emphasized. Also, the effects of wall stiffness on the performance of cylindrical diaphragm walls are studied for future similar excavation in the coastal area.     

Dinoflagellate cysts in recent marine sediment from Guangxi, China

Total of 33 species of dinoflagellate cysts were discovered from surface sediment in the searegion of Guangxi, among them 12 cyst types (Diplopsalopsis sp.1, D. sp. 2, D. sp. 3, Cochlodinium sp., Protoperidinium sp. 1, P. sp. 2, P. compressum , Scrippsiella sp. 1, S. sp. 2, Alexandrium sp. 1, A. sp. 2, A. sp. 3) were first reported from the South China Sea. And one cyst type (Cochlodinium sp.) was first reported in the world. Scrippsiella trochoidea is the dominant species in this area, accounting for 45% of all the cysts. There are 2 cysts of toxic dinoflagellate (Alexandrium tamarensis and Gymnodinium catenatum). But there is no relationship between cyst number and grain size distribution.     

转炉钢渣对两种对虾幼虾的急性毒性效应

初步研究了一定粒径的转炉钢渣对日本对虾（Penaeus japonicus）幼虾和中国明对虾（fenneropenaeus chinensis）幼虾的急性毒性效应。实验结果显示，当钢渣质量浓度为1.8g／L时，日本对虾幼虾96h的最高死亡率为33．33％；随着钢渣质量浓度的增加，死亡率增高；当钢渣质量浓度为18g／L时，其96h的最大死亡率达到了75％。相对于日本对虾幼虾，钢渣质量浓度为18g／L时中国明对虾幼虾96h的最高死亡率只有36．67％。运用直线内插法求出钢渣对日本对虾幼虾96h半致死浓度为1．62g／L，钢渣对日本对虾的安全浓度为0．162g／L，而在实验条件下中国明对虾幼虾的半致死浓度要明显高于日本对虾幼虾。     

3种鲈形目鱼类精子发生早期的超微结构研究

采用透射电镜技术,研究了3种鲈形目鱼类褐菖鲉Sebastiscus marmoratus、黑鲷Sparus macrocephalus及平鲷Rhabdosargus sarba(Forskal)精子发生早期精原细胞、初级精母细胞及次级精母细胞的超显微结构变化。结果表明,3种鱼生精细胞形态结构及代谢活动变化主要体现在核的变化、线粒体数目与结构的变化及高尔基体和溶酶体的行为变化。3种鱼核的变化基本一致:细胞核由近圆形或椭圆形转变为多角形;核质逐渐浓缩;核仁从明显结构至完全消失。褐菖鲉精原细胞时期线粒体分布较多,并出现拟染色质与线粒体相粘附;而平鲷与黑鲷精原细胞时期的线粒体分布较少,无拟染色质。3种鱼高尔基体与溶酶体的变化也有相似性。黑鲷的初级精母细胞中还观察到典型的环层状的髓样小体的结构。     

栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)自然群体遗传多样性的RAPD分析

利用RAPD技术对栉孔扇贝(Chlamysfarreri)的四个自然群体(大连、烟台、青岛、韩国)的遗传多样性进行了分析。12个随机引物在四个群体中共检测到123个位点,其中多态位点109个,多态位点比例为88.62%;四个群体中均未检测到各群体特有的扩增带。韩国、烟台、大连、青岛四个群体的遗传多样性指数(Shannon指数)分别为0.2557、0.2557、0.2344和0.2249,以韩国和烟台群体遗传多样性较高,其次为大连群体,青岛群体最低,但它们之间无明显差异。不同群体的遗传多样性指数的平均数Hpop为0.2427,整个栉孔扇贝自然群体的遗传多样性指数Hsp为0.2503。遗传多样性剖分显示,绝大多数(97%)的遗传多样性是由群体内不同个体间的差异造成的,只有很小部分(3%)的遗传多样性与群体间的遗传分化有关。而采用基于单倍型(等位基因)之间的进化距离的AMOVA分析得到的这两个数据则分别为99%和1%,Φ值为0.010,且P=0.05,表明群体间遗传分化明显程度位于临界值。     

The stimulation on shedding reactions of sea urchins by K+ and Li+ immersion

INTRODUCTION Sea urchin is a marine animal of economic value. The gonad of Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus A. Agassiz and Anthocidaris crassispina A. Agassiz may be offered as food and medicine, the sea urchin shell may be used as fertilizer and artware and moreover, the sea urchin eggs are important materials for the studies in embryology and molecular biology. With the increasing exportation of sea urchins in China, the natural resources are gradually decreasing. In order to satisfy people's growing needs of sea     

厦门港水动力因素低频波动特征及其机制分析

本文根据历史水文气象资料，用条件谱分析方法，分析了厦门港水动力因素低频波动特征并探讨其发生机制。结果表明，低频波动清楚地表现为水位和表层盐度的波动。厦门港水位的低频波动主要源自平潭站的水位波动，风的贡献是次要的；条件谱分析了难以描述表层盐度低频波动和九江径流波动的复杂关系。