几种卫星测高海洋重力场模型精度比较分析

以中国南海部分海域作为试验区,依据测区船载重力测量结果分别对S&S V28.1、S&S V29.1、DTU15和DTU17卫星测高海洋重力场模型开展了精度评估与分析工作。首先利用EIGEN6C4超高阶位系数模型计算得到的参考重力异常,使用多项式拟合技术对船载重力异常进行了长波误差改正;然后借鉴3σ准则进一步控制船载重力测量结果质量;最后以RMS作为精度主要评价指标,完成了对4种海洋重力场模型精度评估。结果表明,4种海洋重力场模型检核精度整体相当,其中S&S V29.1检核精度略高于S&S V28.1,4种重力异常模型在试验海域精度大致在1.5~6mGal之间。试验结论对于后续重力场模型应用具有一定参考价值。     

关于黑潮延伸体海域水体的三维热结构时-空变化特征研究

基于西北太平洋Argo数据资料,利用参数化方法,从Argo温盐剖面数据中提取出一系列特征动力参数,定量分析黑潮延伸体海域水体的三维热结构的时-空变化特征、季节变化特征及其与地形和环流的关系.结果表明:黑潮延伸体海域水体的海表面温度存在着明显的冬春弱,夏秋强的季节变化特征,冬季平均海表面温度为15℃,夏季则达到了27℃;...     

时间域精细速度建模的策略与试验

速度在地震勘探中十分重要,压制多次波、偏移成像和地震反演都需要准确的速度模型。为了高效和准确的获取速度模型,基于时间域精细速度建模方法,利用疑似含气区的二维多道地震资料,针对初始模型、层位约束和基于人工速度拾取的速度反演3个方面开展了试验,探讨实际资料中时间域精细速度建模方法的关键点和效果。试验表明：无需人工速度拾取,时间域精细速度建模能够实现浅地层速度的准确反演,进而高效地完成浅地层速度异常的识别;层位约束能提高速度建模的效率和精度;在地层结构复杂区域,人工速度拾取有利于时间域精细速度建模。     

千岛-勘察加俯冲带俯冲特征的空间差异性及成因的初步探讨

基于地震震中分布、地震层析成像方法,系统阐述了俯冲带从南到北俯冲角度、俯冲深度、形态以及板上地幔楔熔融程度等方面的空间差异特征,同时结合岛弧火山岩中的Sr、Nd、Pb同位素信息进一步探讨了该区域岩浆作用的空间差异性,最终将千岛-勘察加俯冲带分为6段。综合以往研究可知,俯冲带分段性的成因比较复杂,与岩浆源区地幔中流体成分和含量、板片与海沟的汇聚速率、沿贝尼奥夫带的应力状态等皆有着密切的联系,而基于板块运动模型,板片的汇聚速率与俯冲结构的空间差异性有着较好的对应关系,因此本研究认为板片的汇聚速率是影响该地区空间差异性的重要因素,而更系统的成因有待进一步研究。综合分析千岛-勘察加俯冲带的俯冲特征对于丰富研究区板块构造理论,深入理解俯冲带动力学过程具有重要意义。     

垦利碱蓬Suaeda kenliensis J.W.Xing sp.nov.——碱蓬属一新种

报道了中国碱蓬属植物一新种——垦利碱蓬Suaeda kenliensis J.W.Xing sp.nov.。该种与南方碱蓬Suaeda australis(R.Br.)Moq.相近,但系一年生,种子具圆盘状和卵形两种形状,直径约2～3mm,叶长可达5～7 cm,无不定根,与南方碱蓬相区别。垦利碱蓬生长于潮间带和海水周期性淹没处。耐高盐,区域内海水盐度为25,滩涂表层含盐量在退潮后经日晒蒸发可达60‰以上。常形成单一种群的红海滩植被景观。模式标本存:中国科学院海洋生物标本馆;编号:MBM286537。采集地:莱州湾垦利海域潮间带泥滩。采集人:邢军武、曲宁、钟芳。     

威海市褚岛北部海域CDOM和COD分布特征遥感分析

根据2017年7月和9月在山东威海褚岛北部海域现场测量的COD_(Mn)(Chemical oxygen demand)值和水体表观光学量,结合COMS(Communication,OceanMeteorological Satellite)上搭载的传感器GOCI(Geostationary Ocean Color Imager)所提供的有色可溶性有机物(Chromophoric dissolved organic matter,CDOM)产品,利用星地同步观测数据对现有的基于遥感反射比反演CDOM的模式进行验证,确定适合该海域的CDOM浓度遥感反演模式;通过对测试海域化学需氧量与遥感反演的水体CDOM浓度相关性分析,建立利用CDOM反演COD_(Mn)的遥感模式,并将该模式应用于测试海域LANDSAT 8/OLI(Operational Land Imager)遥感图像上,获取该海域COD_(Mn)浓度专题图,基于这些专题图分析了测试海域COD_(Mn)时空分布特征。结果表明:(1)基于GOCI产品的CDOM浓度值随时间和站点动态变化大,离岸越近数值越高,同一地点水体前后相差近1 h的数值变化也较大;(2)基于LANDSAT 8/OLI遥感数据反演的COD_(Mn)浓度时间动态变化大,总体来看褚岛附近水体的COD_(Mn)含量相对较低,褚岛以北海域水体COD_(Mn)含量有所增加,褚岛西侧水体的COD_(Mn)含量较东侧水体COD_(Mn)含量来说整体偏高。     

Size-fractionated uranium isotopes in surface waters in the Jiulong Estuary in China

Surface water was collected from the Jiulong Estuary for determination of activity concentrations of uranium isotopes in different size fractions, namely, greater than 53, 10 -53, 2 - 10, 0.4 -2 μm, 10 000 u -0.4 μm and less than 10 000 u fractions by microfihration and cross-flow uhrafiltration technologies. Results indicated that most of the dissolved uranium （ 〈 0.4 μm） exis- ted in the low molecular mass fraction （ 〈 10 000 u）, and the colloidal uranium-238 （10 000 u -0.4 μm） only contributed less than 1% of the dissolved uranium-238. The fractions of colloidal uranium in the dissolved phases decreased with the increasing sa- linity. A positive linear relationship between uranium-238 activities and salinities was observed for the dissolved, colloidal and low molecular mass fractions, indicating a conservative behavior of uranium in the Jiulong Estuary. In the particulate phases （ 〉 0.4 μm）, the partitioning of uranium isotopes among different size fractions was controlled by the partitioning of particle concentrations. In the regions with salinities below 20, the partitioning of uranium-238 among different size fractions was as follows： 10 - 53 μm 〉 2 - 10 μm 〉 0.4 - 2 μm greater than above 53 μm. However, the order at the offshore station with salinities above 30 changed as follows ： 0.4 - 2 μm 〉 10 - 53 μm 〉 2 - 10 μm greater than above 53 μm. The fraction of the 0.4 - 2 μm particles increased at the offshore station, suggesting the increased contribution of the authigenic uranium. The activity ratio of uranium-234 to uranium-238 in the dissolved phases, including the low molecular mass fraction and the colloidal fraction, was larger than unity, showing the occurrence of excess uranium-234. In contrast, the activity ratio of uranium-234 to uranium-238 in all size fractions of the particulate phase was close to the equilibrium value （1.0）. The observed different values of the activity ratio of uranium-234 to uranium-238 in the dissolved phase and the partic     

用硫酸镁和造纸草浆黑液制备吸附剂及其对活性黄ST-4RFN吸附研究

利用硫酸镁和造纸草浆黑液制备含镁氧化合物的吸附剂,通过化学分析、表面性质分析、X射线衍射和红外光谱等对吸附剂进行了表征.考察了吸附剂焙烧温度、投加量、吸附时间以及pH值等因素对活性黄ST-4RFN吸附性能的影响,吸附过程可用Freundlich模型来描述.     

In vivo neutralization assays by monoclonal antibodies against white spot syndrome virus in crayfish(Cambarus proclarkii)

The neutralizing activities of eight monoclonal antibodies （MAbs） against white spot syndrome virus （WSSV） （2D2, 2B2,1D2, 1D5, 1C2, 4A1, 6A4 and 6B4） were analyzed by in vivo experiments. Gills from WSSV-infected shrimp were homogenized and ten-fold serially diluted by PBS, and then incubated with MAbs （hybridoma culture supernatant）, respectively. The mixture of WSSV and MAbs were injected into crayfish （Procambarus clarkii）. After challenge, the death rates of crayfish were counted to determine the neutralizing activities of MAbs. At the same time, the mixture of myeloma culture supernatant and WSSV or PBS was served as positive or negative control, respectively. The results showed that, at each virus dilution, the mean time to death of the crayfish injected with MAb-treated virus was significantly longer than that in the positive control, though they all showed 100% mortality within 25 d, and meanwhile, few crayfish died in the negative control. Among the eight MAbs, 2D2, 2B2, 1D2 and 1D5, especially the former two, delayed the mortality significantly, and 1 C2, 4A1 and 6A4 delayed the mortality as well but not so efficiently, while MAb 6IM was efficient only when the virus concentration increased. The results indicated that the anti-WSSV MAbs can neutralize WSSV in different virus dilutions.     

基于现场数据的叶绿素荧光量子产量算法研究

自然水体中太阳光激发的叶绿素a荧光的最早观测记录可以追溯到1967年.Tyler et al.发现,在自然水体的反射光谱中685 nm附近存在一个比较明显的反射峰[1],当时解释为由于670nm处的叶绿素吸收而导致的“异常色散”[2].随着Morel et al.[3]和Neville et al.[4]进一步的研究,人们认识到这应该是太阳光激发的叶绿素荧光峰,但这一荧光的量子产量非常低,Gordon估算了它的值在0.002到0.020之间[5].