CRInSAR与PSInSAR融合探测地表线性变形速率

提出利用CRInSAR与PSInSAR融合解算地表变形参数的算法。将CR点上获取的线性变形速率与高程改正结果作为PS基线网络的起算数据,依据最小二乘原理求解PS点上待求线性变形速率与高程改正值的最优解。这一算法可融合PSInSAR与CRInSAR两种算法的优势,起到很好的互补作用。实验显示,这一算法获取的线性变形速率精度可达±0.37 mm/a,高程改正值精度可达±0.5 m,证实该算法在实际地表变形监测中具备可行性。     

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中国钼金属矿床特征及资源潜力分析

钼是重要的战略性矿产资源。我国的钼矿床类型多样,主要分为内生和外生等5种类型,其中斑岩型矿床是最重要的矿床类型。钼矿床分布具有区域分带的特点,这种特点与其成矿动力学背景密切相关。在今后钼矿床的勘查找矿工作中,把加强已有矿山的深部和外围找矿与开展非传统地区的勘查找矿相结合,重视内生矿床尤其是斑岩型矿床的成矿潜力,以实现钼矿床的找矿新突破。     

基于众源地理数据的GlobeLand30人造地表数据精度验证

GlobeLand30数据已被广泛应用于生态、环境、气候等研究领域,对其进行精度验证是保证GlobeLand30产品推广应用的首要前提.本文提出了一种基于众源地理数据的GlobeLand30人造地表精度验证方法:首先利用随机抽样的方法布设样本点,其次应用LDA(latent Dirichlet allocation)主题模型计算众源数据文档的地表覆盖主题,最后通过构建样本点与GlobeLand30数据产品之间的混淆矩阵,以实现人造地表数据的精度验证.研究区域为我国27个省级行政区,众源地理数据选用POI数据,对本文提出的方法进行了实例验证.结果表明:2000年和2010年的人造地表总体精度分别为87.63％和88.81％,这与GlobeLand30人造地表第三方评价精度86.97％相近,验证了本文方法的有效性.     

单频机载激光测深海陆回波自动分类方法EI北大核心CSCD

海陆回波分类是机载激光测深中的一项波形预处理步骤,关系着后续信号检测和点云生成的精度。针对现有海陆回波分类方法不适用于单频机载激光测深系统且自动化程度不高的问题,本文提出一种单频机载激光测深海陆回波自动分类方法:首先,通过首末回波信号检测及点位计算获得回波的点云高程特征;然后,采用高程直方图拟合的方式确定平均水面位置,依据点云高程特征判定大部分回波的海陆属性,对余下的未定回波,仅保留其中的最强信号并统一处理为单信号回波,同时提取波形的信号特征和能量分布特征,依据点云高程特征的相似性自动建立训练样本集;最后,利用支持向量机分类器实现未定回波的分类。采用国产系统Mapper5000采集的实测数据进行试验,结果表明基于首末回波点云的初分类可快速、准确地对远离海陆交界处的回波进行分类,基于波形特征的未定回波分类可在自动建立的训练样本集支持下实现海陆交界处未定回波的高精度分类。与传统方法相比,本文方法无须近红外通道波形和人工样本的辅助就可以达到较高的分类精度,其中总体分类精度可达99.82%,海陆交界处分类精度可达91.59%。     

遥感信息与作物生长模型的耦合应用研究进展

卫星遥感技术具有快速、宏观、准确、客观、及时、动态等特点,在大范围作物长势监测和产量预测等方面具有得天独厚的优势。但遥感监测常常受卫星遥感数据空间分辨率、时间分辨率等因素的影响,且遥感信息大多反映的是瞬间物理状况。作物生长模型是对作物生长、发育、产量形成过程中的一系列生理生化过程进行数学描述,是一种面向过程、机理性的动态模型。但是,当作物模拟从单点研究发展到区域应用时,由于随空间尺度的增大导致模型中一些宏观资料的获取和参数的区域化方面存在很多困难。
遥感信息与作物生长模型的耦合应用可以解决作物长势监测和产量预测等一系列农业问题,越来越受到相关研究人员的关注,已经逐渐成为一个重要的研究领域。因此,随着作物模型和遥感技术的迅速发展,如何将两者结合,进行互补性的研究是很有意义的。在查阅了相关资料的基础上,综述了遥感信息与作物生长模型的耦合应用以及发展历程,分别阐述了两种遥感数据与作物生长模型的结合方法——强迫法和同化法,总结了两类方法的应用情况。最后提出了该领域存在的问题,以及进一步解决的研究方向。     

Decomposition and Evolution of Intracontinental Strike-Slip Faults in Eastern Tibetan Plateau

Little attention had been paid to the intracontinental strike-slip faults of the Tibetan Plateau. Since the discovery of the Longriba fault using re-measured GPS data in 2003, an increasing amount of attention has been paid to this neglected fault. The local relief and transverse swath profile show that the Longriba fault is the boundary line that separates the high and flat tomography of the Tibet plateau from the high and precipitous tomography of Orogen. In addition, GPS data shows that the Longriba fault is the boundary line where the migratory direction of the Bayan Har block changed from eastward to southeastward. The GPS data shows that the Longriba fault is the boundary fault of the sub-blocks of the eastern Bayan Har block. We built three-dimensional models containing the Longriba fault and the middle segment of the Longmenshan fault, across the Bayan Har block and the Sichuan Basin. A nonlinear finite element method was used to simulate the fault behavior and the block deformation of the Eastern Tibetan Plateau. The results show that the low resistivity and low velocity layer acts as a detachment layer, which causes the overlying blocks to move southeastward. The detachment layer also controls the vertical and horizontal deformation of the rigid Bayan Har block and leads to accumulation strain on the edge of the layer where the Longmenshan thrust is located. After a sufficient amount of strain has been accumulated on the Longmenshan fault, a large earthquake occurs, such as the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The strike slip activity of the Longriba fault, which is above the low resistivity and low velocity layer, partitions the lateral displacements of the Bayan Har block and adjusts the direction of motion of the Bayan Har block, from the eastward moving Ahba sub-block in the west to southeastward moving Longmenshan sub-block in the east.     

大庆朝阳沟油田浅层水平井钻井技术

介绍朝阳沟油田98区浅层水平井的井身结构特点、地层岩性特点以及该区水平井轨迹控制的难点。针对这些特点以及不同地层的造斜率,制定有效轨迹控制方案,选取合理的造斜工具及钻具组合,实施合理的钻井参数及技术措施,完成浅层水平井的施工。     

Base cation concentrations in forest litter and topsoil have different responses to climate and tree species along elevational gradients

The forest litter is an essential reservoir of nutrients in forests, supplying a large part of absorbable base cations(BC) to topsoil, and facilitating plant growth within litter-soil system. To characterize elevational patterns of base cation concentrations in the forest litter and topsoil, and explore the effects of climate and tree species, we measured microclimate and collected the forest litter and topsoil(0-10 cm) samples across an elevational range of more than 2000 m(1243 ～ 3316 m a.s.l.),and analyzed the concentrations of BC in laboratory. Results showed that: 1) litter Ca concentration displayed a hump-shaped pattern along the elevational gradients, but litter K and Mg showed saddle-shaped patterns. Soil Ca concentration increased with elevation, while soil K and Mg had no significant changes. 2) Ca concentration in the forest litter under aspen(Populus davidiana) was significantly higher than that in all other species, but in topsoil, Ca concentration was higher under coniferous larch and fir(Larix chinensis and Abies fargesii). Litter K and Mg concentrations was higher under coniferous larch and fir, whereas there were nosignificant differences among tree species in the concentrations of K and Mg in topsoil. 3) Climatic factors including mean annual temperature(MAT), growing season precipitation(GSP) and non-growing season precipitation(NGSP) determined BC concentrations in the forest litter and topsoil. Soil C/N and C/P also influenced BC cycling between litter and soil. Observation along elevations within different tree species implies that above-ground tree species can redistribute below-ground cations, and this process is profoundly impacted by climate. Litter and soil Ca, K and Mg with different responses to environmental variables depend on their soluble capacity and mobile ability.     

山东省油页岩资源特征及开发利用前景

随着石油资源可用量的不断减少,页岩气、油页岩、油砂与稠油作为一种新能源,近年来备受人们的重视。山东省存在着丰富的油页岩资源。近年来笔者通过收集前人相关资料、野外地质填图、钻探编录、典型矿区考察、关键样品化验分析等手段对其进行了初步研究,初步认识了山东地区油页岩的资源特征及其形成环境,对未来山东地区油页岩矿的预测及潜力的评价具有一定的指导与借鉴作用。