Arnol'd Nonlinear Stability Theorems and their Application to the Atmosphere and Oceans

Within the context of atmospheric and oceanic fluid dynamicsthe problems of nonlinear stability and instability, particularlythe Arnol'd second type nonlinear stability, are surveyed.The stability criteria obtained by means of the energy-Casimirand energy-Lagrange methods are presented for a varietyof models, the estimates for various generalized perturbationenergy and enstrophy are given. Potential applications of thesecriteria are shown in the estimation of bounds on the perturbationenergy and enstrophy, in the diagnostic study of the persistence orbreakdown of jet flows in the middle and high latitudes, and in theverification of the validity of the tangent linear model in bothatmospheric dynamics and oceanography.Some further research results are also highlighted.     

华北地区地壳上地幔三维P波速度结构

利用华北地震科学台阵和首都圈地震台网记录的4511次近震和625次远震的P 波到时数据,采用纬度和经度方向分别为0.5deg;times;0.5deg;的网格划分,反演得到了华北北部地区（111deg;E——120deg;E,37deg;N——42deg;N）深至400km 的地壳上地幔三维P 波速度结构.层析成像结果表明,研究区的速度存在明显的横向不均匀性,随着深度增加横向不均匀性总体呈现减弱趋势.燕山隆起带在60——120km 深度内存在明显的高速异常,这与较大的岩石圈厚度有关;山西裂陷盆地、华北平原下方60km 深度存在明显低速异常,与软流圈的出现有关.燕山隆起带岩石圈厚度在120km 以上,明显比太行山隆起的岩石圈厚度大,与稳定大陆地区的岩石圈厚度一致.太行山山前断裂已切穿莫霍面,贯入岩石圈.研究区上地幔顶部大范围的低速异常反映了软流圈上隆的特点.在华北平原及燕山隆起下方200——300km 存在高速异常可能与太古代大陆板块岩石圈的残留体有关.     

1993年7—9月的全球地震动态

１９９３年第三季度，全球地震活动水平为中等偏高，明显高于上半年平均水平。日本北海道西南近海发生７．６级浅源地震，但不属于日本海沟地震。埃及西奈半岛发生５．７级地震，为今年亚欧带西段之最大地震。马里亚纳群岛发生８．１级中深震，使西北太平洋地区地震水平达到全球第一。兴都库什地区接连发生三次较大中深震，可能对我国西部地区地震活动有影响。墨西哥恰帕斯州近海发生７．３级地震，美洲带新的地震活动轮回正式开始。印度南部发生６．３级中强震，属于板内地震。     

Responses to climate warming of hydrological processes in the upper Kelan River in the Altay Mountains, Xinjiang, China

Kelan River is a branch of the Ertix River, originating in the Altay Mountains in Xinjiang, northwestern China. The upper streams of the Kelan River are located on the southern slope of the Altay Mountains; they arise from small glacial lakes at an elevation of more than 2,500 m. The total water-collection area of the studied basin, from 988 to 3,480 m, is about 1,655 km2. Almost 95 percent of the basin area is covered with snow in winter. The westerly air masses deplete nearly all the moisture that comes in the form of snow during the winter months in the upper and middle reaches of the basin. That annual flow from the basin is about 382 mm, about 45 percent of which is contributed by snowmelt. The mean annual precipitation in the basin is about 620 mm, which is primarily concentrated in the upper and middle basin. The Kelan River system could be vulnerable to climate change because of substantial contribution from snowmelt runoff. The hydrological system could be altered significantly because of a warming of the climate. The impact of climate change on the hydrological cycle and events would pose an additional threat to the Altay region. The Kelan River, a typical snow-dominated watershed, has more area at higher elevations and accumulates snow during the winter. The peak flow occurs as a result of snow-melting during the late spring or early summer. Stream flow varies strongly throughout the year because of seasonal cycles of precipitation, snowpack, temperature, and groundwater. Changes in the temperature and precipitation affect the timing and volume of stream-flow. The stream-flow consists of contributions from meltwater of snow and ice and from runoff of rainfall. Therefore, it has low flow in winter, high flow during the spring and early summer as the snowpack melts, and less flows during the late summer. Because of the warming of the current climate change, hydrology processes of the Kelan River have undergone marked changes, as evidenced by the shift of the maximum flood peak discharge from May to June     

超高压变质岩矿物中的显微构造缺陷:来自TEM和FTIR研究的证据

超高压变质矿物的某些显微构造缺陷可能指示了岩石短暂和快速抬升过程。文中报道了中国大别山双河地区超高压硬玉石英岩矿物显微构造缺陷的透射电镜(TEM)和Fourier变换红外光谱(FTIR)的研究结果。用TEM研究方法,在硬玉石英岩中硬玉包裹体内发现了亚微米级天然蒙钠长石(MA,C2/m)、高钠长石(HA,C)和低钠长石(LA,C)三种多形变体。表明岩石在折返过程经历过高温变质作用(>930℃),以及退变质过程的快速冷却;在石英包裹体内发现了纳米级柯石英和石盐子矿物,提供了柯石英转变为石英以及峰期变质条件下高盐流体存在的证据。"名义上无水矿物"(NAMs)的结构水(OH/H2O)是以缺陷形式赋存于矿物结构中。FTIR分析结果显示硬玉、石榴石、金红石和石英中结构水的平均含量分别为1000×10-6、(900~1600)×10-6、>2000×10-6和<4×10-6,硬玉石英岩全岩含水量为(490~600)×10-6,表明在高压-超高压变质作用过程中,地壳或原岩中的水可以通过这些NAMs携带到地球深部。该类显微构造缺陷可能是大陆碰撞造山带在高应变速率下的局部弱化和深部断层作用的结果。     

Geochemistry of Alkaline—Ultrabasic Rocks in the Jijie Complex,Lufeng,Yunnan

is paper is concerned with the geochemical features of major elements,transition metal elements,large ion lithophile elements,rare-earth elements and Sr isotopes in alkaline-ul-trabasic rocks in the Jijie complex of Lufeng,Yunnan Province,which is located in southern Sichuan-Yunnan rift zone,one of Luoci alkaline-ultrabasic complexes in central Ynnnan,Moreover,its origin pertaining primary magma,magma soure region,fractional crystallization,etc.are also discussed in the present paper.     

琼东南盆地高精度层序地层学研究

运用当代层序地层学的原理和方法, 综合分析了地震、测井、岩心等资料, 发现琼东南盆地经历了早期裂陷和晚期坳陷两大发育历程, 相应划分出TejasA和TejasB两个超层序组; 与盆地非海相、海相过渡相、生长断层、缓坡和被动大陆边缘背景演化阶段相匹配, 形成了5个超层序.以不整合及其与之可以对比的整合为三级层序边界, 识别出19个层序, 含5 7个体系域、5 4个以上准层序组、196个以上准层序.在盆地的不同演化阶段, 沉积层序的不同点主要在于低水位体系域包含的沉积体系不同.在恢复古地理环境的基础上, 提炼出有关沉积层序模式.根据可容纳空间分析, 编制了本区海平面升降曲线, 发现陵水中期、梅山早期和莺歌海早期三次大的海泛与全球变化完全合拍.在纵向上, 海进体系域至密集段生烃潜力最强, 空间上以外陆架-大陆坡最好, 其次为滨沼或海陆过渡相.指出了陆架坡折附近的低水位楔和斜坡扇是值得注意的隐蔽圈闭勘探目标.      

Failure mechanisms and dynamics of the Shanzao rockslide in Yongjia County,China on 10 August 2019

Landslides - At about 04:00 on 10 August 2019, the heavy rainfall carried by Typhoon Lekima induced a catastrophic rockslide in Shanzao Village, Yongjia County, China. The heavy rainfall triggered...     

广东省空气质量预报系统

文章介绍了广东省气象系统开展空气质量预报的概况，包括使用的预报工具，其预报能力与业务运行的预报质量分析，以及进一步提高预报水平的一些设想。     

风暴强度指数SSI

近年刊出的强对流天气分析预报文献(例如文献 [1 ]、[2 ])中 ,常常用到风暴强度指数 ( storms severity index,缩写为 SSI )。现根据检索到的部分文献中之解释 ,对其介绍如下。在 2 0世纪 70年代初 ,Miller认为 [3] :在强热力学不稳定和强动力学因子都出现时 ,才有强雷暴发展 (称“经典的 Miller个例”)。然而 ,后续的研究发现 ,这些典型条件不能包含发生的全部强天气。 Maddox等 [4] 、Vigneux等 [5]以及 Turcotte等 [6]指出 :在强热力学条件和弱的动力学条件下以及弱热力学条件和强动力学条件下也可出现强天气。与文献 [4、5、6 ]的思…