航空重力数据向下延拓的倒锥法(上)——方法的提出和存在性

基于离散 Possion积分提出了一种灵活直接的向下延拓新方法 ,证明了方法的存在性 ,利用模拟数据进行的数值实验取得了很好的效果。     

In situ determination of hafnium isotopes from rutile using LA-MC-ICP-MS

The hafnium isotopic analysis using laser ablation has been widely conducted on Hf-rich minerals(zircon/baddeleyite/ calzirtite/eudialyte), however, little work has been reported on Hf-poor(100 ppm) minerals. This work presents a detailed procedure of in situ hafnium isotopic analysis from rutile using laser ablation multiple collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(LA-MC-ICP-MS). The rutile U-Pb dating reference material JDX shows homogeneous hafnium isotopic ratios, with 176Hf/177Hf=0.281795±0.000015(2SD, n=33) and 176Lu/177Hf=0.000018±0.000004(2SD, n=17) that suggest the possibility of using JDX as a new reference material hafnium isotopic measurement. We also measure hafnium isotopic compositions of other rutile U-Pb dating reference material(R10, Sugluk-4 and PCA-S207) and the 176Hf/177 Hf values are similar to previously reported results, which confirms that we can acquire accurate and precise hafnium isotopic compositions using our developed analytical protocol. We analyzed hafnium isotopic compositions and U-Pb ages of rutile in high-temperature and ultrahigh-temperature granulites from various terrains of the Khondalite Belt from the North China Craton, combined with zircon results in the same area, suggesting that the metamorphic evolution history of the granulite is much more complicated than previously thought.     

Integrative fuzzy set pair model for land ecological security assessment: a case study of Xiaolangdi Reservoir Region, China

Due to the increasingly serious ecological degradation of land systems, the land ecological security issues have attracted more and more attention of policy makers, researchers and citizens. Aiming at overcoming the disadvantages in subjectivity and complexity of the currently used assessment methods, an integrative fuzzy set pair model for assessing the land ecological security was developed by integrating fuzzy assessment and set pair analysis (SPA). The approximate degree of land ecological security to the optimal standard set was calculated to describe the secure level by combining multiple indices. The indices and weights were determined by a pressure-state-response model and the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP), respectively. Aided by a geographic information system, this model was applied to evaluate comprehensively the status of land ecological security in Xiaolangdi Reservoir Region, China, taking the administrative division as the assessment unit. The results showed that 20% of the total area maintained a slightly secure status, while 50% of the study area was of a middle or seriously low grade of land ecological security. The remaining portion (30%) was the most ecologically insecure. From the spatial prospective, obvious variations were observed. The land eco-security gradually decreased from the Xiaolangdi Dam to its surrounding regions. It was concluded that the status of the integral land ecological security of Xiaolangdi Reservoir Region was in the middle level, and increasingly intense human activities speeded up the degradation of regional land ecosystem in recent years and thus induced the crisis of land ecological security.     

深基坑工程变形预报神经网络法的初步研究

提出了深基坑变形预报的人工神经网络法,详细介绍了该方法的建模和应用实例。预报结果与实测值较为吻合,从而表现在深基坑工程中利用该方法进行变形预报是可行的。     

The Elastoplastic Analysis of high pressure Cylinder and Autofrettage Test under 12 Kb

This paper systematically introduces the elastoplastic analysis and autofrettage method of the pressure nder .It describes in detail the 12,100kg/cm2 hydraulic autofrettage test of a cylinder with its outside diameter 240 mm ,inside diameter 40-82 mm, and the height 362 mm. A cross –hole with diameter 4 mm is drilled ,then 9，925 kg/cm2 cyclic hydraulic pressure is applied .The result of the test is an expectant success .The behavior of the cylinder is satisfactory in its later usage . Conclusions are made as follows: 1. Using the hydraulic autofrettage technique ,the ultimate fatigue strength of the triaxial chamber cylinder ,which has the changeable cross section and is made by the super strengthened steel 37SiMnCrNiMoV,can be increased . 2. The hydraulic autofrettage technique can improve stress concentration of the cross-bore of the high pressure vessels.     

某抽水蓄能电站PD_6平洞超挖调查与评价

本文通过某抽水蓄能电站输水隧洞的勘探平洞 PD6 的超挖测绘调查 ,分析了平洞超挖块体的边界条件 ,确定了超挖块体的类型及其特征 ,利用自编计算程序 ,评价了各类型超挖块体的体积及其分布模型。这对于地下洞室超挖的评价方法以及工程建设中地下洞室稳定性评价以及加固处理具有一定指导意义。     

地面核磁共振技术勘查西北干旱浅层地下水效果浅析

地面核磁共振技术勘查地下水是一种新的应用领域,该技术是目前国际上唯一的能直接进行地下水勘查的技术.我所自一九九九年引进法国Numis仪器以来,先后在陕西黄土区、宁南黄土区等地开展寻找不同类型浅层地下水的试验工作,取得了一定的野外成果.本文是在分析总结这些成果的基础上,针对存在的问题如强干扰背景下勘查结果的可靠性,同一测点"8”字型与"正方形”发射线框二者勘查结果比较等方面进行探讨分析.     

气候变化背景下珠江流域极端洪水事件的变化趋势

根据1951-2010年珠江流域23个典型断面流量资料,用P-III型分布曲线拟合洪水系列进行频率计算,分析了珠江流域极端洪水事件的变化趋势。结果表明：1980年以来,珠江流域极端洪水事件发生的频次明显增加,尤其是自1990年以来增加趋势显著;1981-2010年较1951-1980年珠江流域约70%典型断面极端洪水事件呈增加趋势,主要分布在西江、北江、粤西;而近30%的典型断面呈减少趋势,主要分布在东江和桂南。     

Wave Propagation, Scattering and Imaging Using Dual-domain One-way and One-return Propagators

— Dual-domain one-way propagators implement wave propagation in heterogeneous media in mixed domains (space-wavenumber domains). One-way propagators neglect wave reverberations between heterogeneities but correctly handle the forward multiple-scattering including focusing/defocusing, diffraction, refraction and interference of waves. The algorithm shuttles between space-domain and wavenumber-domain using FFT, and the operations in the two domains are self-adaptive to the complexity of the media. The method makes the best use of the operations in each domain, resulting in efficient and accurate propagators. Due to recent progress, new versions of dual-domain methods overcame some limitations of the classical dual-domain methods (phase-screen or split-step Fourier methods) and can propagate large-angle waves quite accurately in media with strong velocity contrasts. These methods can deliver superior image quality (high resolution/high fidelity) for complex subsurface structures. One-way and one-return (De Wolf approximation) propagators can be also applied to wave-field modeling and simulations for some geophysical problems. In the article, a historical review and theoretical analysis of the Born, Rytov, and De Wolf approximations are given. A review on classical phase-screen or split-step Fourier methods is also given, followed by a summary and analysis of the new dual-domain propagators. The applications of the new propagators to seismic imaging and modeling are reviewed with several examples. For seismic imaging, the advantages and limitations of the traditional Kirchhoff migration and time-space domain finite-difference migration, when applied to 3-D complicated structures, are first analyzed. Then the special features, and applications of the new dual-domain methods are presented. Three versions of GSP (generalized screen propagators), the hybrid pseudo-screen, the wide-angle Padé-screen, and the higher-order generalized screen propagators are discussed. Recent progress also makes it possible to use the dual-domain propagators for modeling elastic reflections for complex structures and long-range propagations of crustal guided waves. Examples of 2-D and 3-D imaging and modeling using GSP methods are given.