有限区域湿有效能量的层结、斜压、正压分量及其收支方程

本文探讨了将湿有效能量分解成层结、斜压、正压分量的方法,并讨论了它们的收支方程式.其中层结分量与实际大气中对流不稳定有较好的对应关系,但在干有效位能中分解不出这一项.在斜压、正压分量的收支方程中,除附加项外都与干有效位能的方程类似.由三个分量的收支方程看出,湿有效能量向动能的转换只可能发生在层结不稳定或(与)有斜压存在的大气中.这与天气分析经验以及经典的马古列斯(M.Margules)模式是一致的.     

On the cool skin of the ocean

Previous data relating sea-surface temperature to heat flux across the air-sea interface were reanalyzed with a common formula for the wind-stress coefficient. An expression is proposed for the nondimensional thickness of the thermal sublayer: the expression increases with wind velocity at light winds and has a value of 7 when the wind velocity reaches 7 m s^–1.     

浙江冰雹天气与边界层辐合的关系

通过七次冰雹天气过程的分析,发现浙江地区大范围降雹过程之前,对流层中下层并不一定有大尺度辐合和上升运动,而是与边界层辐合却有着十分密切的关系.降雹前,边界层中都有辐合线存在,与此相应,有较强的质量和水汽通量辐合.无辐合线,则无大范围的冰雹天气发生.冰雹区的水汽通量散度垂直分布有明显特点,水汽辐合多集中于边界层内,辐合最大值在950百帕附近,850百帕以上辐合很小,甚至是辐散.还发现边界层辐合的强度与冷锋位置有关.     

The Application of Elastic Wave Measurement to the Deep Holes in the Bedrock of a Nuclear Power Station

In this paper we present the principle and technique for measuring velocity of elastic waves in the bedrock with deep holes, and the effective watertight and pressure-proof measures taken. Using this method, the measurement in the bedrock of the reactor of a nuclear power station with holes (120m in depth) are completed with the anticipated results. The data, processed and analysed, have been provided for the construction of the above-mentioned nuclear power station.     

夏季对流云初期回波与降水之间的关系

1979—1981年6和7月份在安徽屯溪机场,用711雷达对对流云初期回波及其发展过程进行了观测。资料分析表明:(1)对流云的初期回波绝大多数是在云的暖区形成的,因此,屯溪地区夏季对流云中暖云过程对降水形成起重要作用.(2)用回波顶升速、回波顶高和强度为35dbz回波的厚度、初期回波中心高度变化情况可以定性估计积云降水的强弱.     

Numerical study of lake-land breeze over lake vättern Sweden

This paper describes a two-dimensional lake breeze model with turbulent energy closure. The simulated results show that (1) the front of the lake breeze progresses inland faster in the late afternoon than at the fully developed stage; and (2) the lake breeze and land breeze have larger extension offshore than inland. The acce-leration of the front in the declining phase of the lake breeze is explained in terms of the decreased turbulent fric-tion acting on the head of the lake breeze. The larger extension offshore, probably, is attributed to the smaller roughness of water surface and to the offshore synoptic wind.     

Design and test of an improved scheme for global spectral model with reduced truncation error

An improved scheme of spectral model has been investigated in this paper. Through the introduction of a reference atmosphere, prognostic variables become smoother on the tilled sigma-surface over mountains or a frontal zone, and thus truncation errors are reduced. As a result, the problems about Gibbs waves and negative value of model topography on the sea, which are encountered in the current spectral model in the world, can be solved by the improved scheme. For comparison we have performed the numerical integrations of barotropic and baroclinic Rossby-Haurwitz waves, as well as the prediction of real cases with the improved scheme and the current scheme of spectral model. These results show that the scheme presented in the paper is better than the current scheme of spectral model.     

CISK理论中的若干问题

在本文中,对Charney与Eliassen等人所提出的CISK理论所包含的低层风速不随高度变化的假定作了分析与改进,并讨论了它对结果的影响。     

膨胀土与地形变

本文根据南京地震台短水准场地膨胀土研究的实际资料,指出了在膨胀土发育区进行地形变观测、地震地质和震害调查、烈度小区划等项工作时,必须考虑到膨胀土特性这个因素,以避免失误。     

应力减小引起的岩石破坏与地震

最近完成的岩石力学三轴实验表明,岩石的破坏既能由最大主应力的增加引起,又能由中等主应力的变化(增加或减小)或最小主应力的减小引起,因此联系到地震的发生也是如此。地震前必须有一个应力和能量的增加过程,但地震不一定发生在应力和能量的增加过程中,地震也可以发生在应力和能量的减小过程中。文章还讨论了能够引起地壳中应力减小的作用,並从地震活动性方面探索应力减小引起地震的可能性。