2000—2015年中国高学历人才分布格局及其影响机制

基于2000年、2010年中国人口普查分地级及以上行政区数据和2015年中国各省份1%人口抽样调查数据,采用变异系数、泰尔系数、基尼系数测度中国高学历人才比重分布的空间不均衡程度,并采用面板数据Tobit随机效应模型,识别影响高学历人才比重空间分布的主要因素。结果表明：① 中国的人才比重分布表现出极大的不均衡性,人才比重的高低与城市等级密切相关,主要表现在直辖市、省会城市、计划单列市等行政区吸引了大量人才,而普通地级城市人才比重相对较低;② 10 a间人才比重的变异系数、基尼指数和泰尔指数均有所下降,表明人才比重分布的空间不均衡程度有所下降;③ 平均工资水平、生活成本、城市等级、每万人高校在校学生数、每万人医院卫生院床位数、人均科学事业、教育事业经费与人才比重呈正相关,中学生师比、万人互联网用户数与人才比重呈负相关,失业率、单位面积二氧化硫排放量、绿地率对人才比重没有影响。     

长江经济带开发区空间分布与产业集聚特征研究

采用最近邻指数、Ripley’s L 函数、核密度估计等方法分析长江经济带开发区的空间分布与产业集聚特征,结果表明:① 长江经济带开发区总体上呈东密西疏、东强西弱、东中西段分异的显著集聚分布特征;② 基于主导产业划分的各类开发区在空间上均为集聚分布,集聚强度和规模随距离的增加基本都呈“先增加后减小”的规律,集聚形态各异,主要有“单核心”“双核心”“多核心”3种;③ 长江经济带东段地区主要以装备制造、通信电子、汽车制造、新材料、生物医药等资本技术密集型产业集聚为主,中、西段地区则集聚了化学工业、金属加工、食品制造、纺织服装等资本与劳动密集型产业。要加强经济带上中下游开发区之间的多维良性互动,注重绿色发展、创新发展与结构优化,进一步提升其对长江经济带高质量发展的引领与支撑作用。     

Flexural performances of prestressed high strength concrete piles reinforced with hybrid GFRP and steel bars

Abstract

This study developed prestressed high-strength concrete (PHC) piles reinforced with high-strength materials (glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars) for flexural performance enhancement. Flexural strengths and behaviors of PHC piles reinforced with hybrid GFRP and steel bars were experimentally investigated, respectively. Large-scale specimens with total lengths of 12,000?mm and diameters of 600?mm were constructed and tested under bending, accompanied by evaluation of effects of non-prestressed reinforcement type and longitudinal reinforcement ratio. J-factors were calculated to evaluate deformability of all the specimens. PHC piles reinforced with GFRP bars were demonstrated to have much higher flexural capacity than those reinforced with steel bars. Moreover, strains at the midspans of cross sections of all the specimens basically conformed to the assumption of plane section. Failure of PHC piles reinforced with GFRP bars was attributable to gradual concrete crushing, while that of PHC piles reinforced with steel bars resulted from steel yielding. Results of this study were expected to provide theoretical basis for wide engineering applications of PHC piles reinforced with hybrid GFRP bars and steel bars in marine structures.     

Application of flocculation combined with vacuum preloading to reduce river-dredged sludge

Abstract

To achieve the rapid dewatering of dredged sludge, the flocculation–vacuum-preloading method was tested indoors. In this study, the optimal mixing ratio of six flocculants was determined through the settling column test, and then the proposed method was tested. The water drainage and settlement were monitored during the test, while the soil moisture content and shear strength were measured after the test. The results show that all the flocculants had an optimal mixing ratio, and the addition of 0.8% FeCl₃ or 0.08% anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) in the sludge can better accelerate solid–liquid separation of the sludge. After the test, the water content in the sludge decreased from 140% to 60%. Compared with general vacuum preloading, the use of the proposed method increased the water drainage by 46.5% and 56.8% and decreased the soil volumes by 60.5% and 82.4% for FeCl₃ and APAM, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding shear strength was increased from 10 to 14 and 17?kPa. In addition, the use of APAM increased the solidification rate of heavy metals in the sludge to more than 80%, effectively inhibiting the migration of heavy metals.     

国外无人反水雷特点及关键技术分析

许多国家将水雷视为一种重要的水中兵器,用于封锁对手、对抗强敌。针对现有反水雷装备存在的危险性高、部署速度慢、作战效率低等问题,国外海军将无人技术为代表的高新技术应用到反水雷领域,推出了多种新概念无人反水雷装备,综合运用猎、扫等多种手段,构建空中、水面、水下立体的无人反水雷装备体系,实现快速、安全、高效的反水雷作战能力,对未来反水雷作战产生重大影响。     

基于RT-Thread的波浪滑翔器控制系统设计与实现

波浪滑翔器是一种新型海洋无人自主航行器,拥有无污染、能耗低、续航时间长、航程远、生存能力强等诸多特点,已逐步成为国内外研究的热点。控制系统作为波浪滑翔器的重要组成部分之一,它的稳定与准确性直接影响着波浪滑翔器的航行性能尤其是走航和定点的控位精度。介绍了一种基于 RT-Thread 实时操作系统的波浪滑翔器控制系统设计,通过多次海上长时间连续试验表明,基于 RT-Thread 的波浪滑翔器控制系统具有良好的准确性和可靠性。     

Terrestrial heat flow and lithospheric thermal structure in the Chagan Depression of the Yingen-Ejinaqi Basin,north central China

The Chagan Depression in the Yingen-Ejinaqi Basin, located at the intersection of the Paleo-Asian Ocean and the Tethys Ocean domains is an important region to gain insights on terrestrial heat flow, lithospheric thermal structure and deep geodynamic processes. Here, we compute terrestrial heat flow values in the Chagan Depression using a large set of system steady-state temperature data from four representative wells and rock thermal conductivity. We also estimate the “thermal” lithospheric thickness, mantle heat flow, ratio of mantle heat flow to surface heat flow and Moho temperature to evaluate the regional tectonic framework and deep dynamics. The results show that the heat flow in the Chagan Depression ranges from 66.5 to 69.8 mW/m², with an average value of 68.3 ± 1.2 mW/m². The Chagan Depression is characterized by a thin “thermal” lithosphere, high mantle heat flow, and high Moho temperature, corresponding to the lithospheric thermal structure of “cold mantle and hot crust” type. We correlate the formation of the Yingen-Ejinaqi Basin to the Early Cretaceous and Cenozoic subduction of the western Pacific Plate and the Cenozoic multiple extrusions. Our results provide new insights into the thermal structure and dynamics of the lithospheric evolution in central China.     

基于网络游记的城市旅游流网络结构演化研究——以北京市为例

采用网络游记文本数据,结合爬虫技术和社会网络分析方法,分析北京市“十二五”和“十三五”时期城市旅游客流网络结构的演变特征。结果表明：① 城市旅游流网络结构存在不均衡性,城市历史文化遗产节点的的影响控制能力强,新兴旅游吸引物的集聚能力相对较弱,受不同类型节点的路径依赖效应的影响,这种差异存在动态扩大特征。② 城市旅游流网络结构呈现显著的等级分层结构和节点分散分布特征,传统游憩场所是城市旅游流的核心节点,外围发育的旅游节点较分散且规模能级提升空间较大。③ 城市旅游流拥有显著的赋能效应、倒逼效应和联通效应。     

城市“腾笼换鸟”产业转型升级的困境与出路——基于北京市的调查研究

剖析北京“腾笼换鸟”产业转型升级的现状,在针对“新鸟”进笼“老鸟”去哪问题,“老笼”空间结构合理优化问题,“老鸟”涅槃“新鸟”培育问题,“老鸟”和“新笼”承接问题的分析基础上,提出应完善京津冀产业链协作,“腾笼换鸟”拓展区域联动发展空间;东西城合并成首都特区,“腾笼换鸟”保护北京历史文化名城;切实发挥政府的职能作用,“腾笼换鸟”提升企业内在动力机制;规划建设“微中心”小城镇,“腾笼换鸟”促进北京人口有效疏解的建议。     

降雨量、土壤蓄水量对流动沙地土壤水分深层渗漏的影响

土壤水分深层渗漏是陆地近地层水分循环的重要环节。利用土壤水分深层渗漏记录仪对毛乌素沙地典型流动沙丘不同深度土层的土壤渗漏水量连续进行两年定点监测。结果表明：（1）2016年生长季（4月1日至10月31日）降水量为2017年的1.93倍,但50、100、200 cm沙层的渗漏水量分别是2017年同期的4.53、5.53,5.22倍。同时,渗漏水量与降雨量及土壤蓄水量的波峰较一致。（2）强降雨对深层渗漏水量的影响较大,土壤蓄水量的变化也与深层渗漏水量密切相关;降雨量较小时,土壤蓄水量与深层渗漏水量之间的关系更为密切。在连续降雨过程中,越往深处,渗漏的产生通常是多次降雨过程累积的结果,将土壤蓄水量作为中间变量,能更好地分析土壤深层渗漏过程。（3）当天蓄水量与次日渗漏水量的相关系数较高,土层越深,深层渗漏水量与土壤蓄水量的相关系数增加,二者之间的线性拟合的R²也相应增加。