全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3428篇 |
免费 | 78篇 |
国内免费 | 38篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 50篇 |
大气科学 | 296篇 |
地球物理 | 778篇 |
地质学 | 1209篇 |
海洋学 | 329篇 |
天文学 | 485篇 |
综合类 | 10篇 |
自然地理 | 387篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 44篇 |
2020年 | 40篇 |
2019年 | 46篇 |
2018年 | 57篇 |
2017年 | 62篇 |
2016年 | 68篇 |
2015年 | 73篇 |
2014年 | 70篇 |
2013年 | 179篇 |
2012年 | 92篇 |
2011年 | 139篇 |
2010年 | 146篇 |
2009年 | 163篇 |
2008年 | 129篇 |
2007年 | 115篇 |
2006年 | 119篇 |
2005年 | 106篇 |
2004年 | 90篇 |
2003年 | 82篇 |
2002年 | 82篇 |
2001年 | 72篇 |
2000年 | 43篇 |
1999年 | 52篇 |
1998年 | 53篇 |
1997年 | 43篇 |
1996年 | 67篇 |
1995年 | 43篇 |
1994年 | 48篇 |
1993年 | 44篇 |
1992年 | 53篇 |
1991年 | 55篇 |
1990年 | 49篇 |
1989年 | 46篇 |
1988年 | 50篇 |
1987年 | 50篇 |
1986年 | 37篇 |
1985年 | 65篇 |
1984年 | 83篇 |
1983年 | 81篇 |
1982年 | 66篇 |
1981年 | 46篇 |
1980年 | 52篇 |
1979年 | 50篇 |
1978年 | 49篇 |
1977年 | 44篇 |
1976年 | 38篇 |
1975年 | 30篇 |
1974年 | 28篇 |
1973年 | 33篇 |
1972年 | 24篇 |
排序方式: 共有3544条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
William G. Sunda 《Marine Chemistry》1984,14(4):365-378
Equilibria between Chelex 100* and manganese, zinc and cadmium ions were used to determine the complexation of these trace metals in 36‰ Gulf Stream seawater at 25°C and pH 8.2. The method utilized radiotracers (54Mn, 65Zn, and 109Cd) to quantify trace metal adsorption from trace metal-amended seawater and from seawater containing a series of ethylenediaminetetracetate (EDTA)—metal ion buffers. Results were consistent with Chelex adsorption of both trace metal ions and trace metal—EDTA chelates. Equilibrium models fitted to the data were used to establish conditional stability constants for Chelex adsorption of manganese, zinc and cadmium ions and for adsorption of EDTA-chelates. These models also yielded ratios of free metal ions to total dissolved trace metal concentrations in seawater: 10−0.1 for manganese, 10−0.2 for zinc, and 10−1.5 for cadmium. Independent measurements with a cadmium ion-selective electrode also yielded a free: total cadmium ratio of 10−1.5. 相似文献
42.
Two distinct series of slumps deform the upper part of the sedimentary sequence along the continental margin of the Levant.
One series is found along the base of the continental slope, where it overlies the disrupted eastern edge of the Messinian
evaporites. The second series of slumps transects the continental margin from the shelf break to the Levant Basin. It seemed
that the two series were triggered by two unrelated, though contemporaneous, processes. The shore-parallel slumps were initiated
by basinwards flow of the Messinian salt, that carried along the overlying Plio-Quaternary sediments. Seawater that percolated
along the detachment faults dissolved the underlying salt to form distinctly disrupted structures. The slope-normal slumps
are located on top of large canyons that cut into the pre-Messinian sedimentary rocks. A layer of salt is found in the canyons,
and the Plio-Quaternary sediments were deposited on that layer. The slumps are bounded by large, NW-trending faults where
post-Messinian faulted offset was measured. We presume that the flow of the salt in the canyons also drives the slope-normal
slumps. Thus thin-skinned halokynetic processes generated the composite post-Tortonian structural patterns of the Levant margin.
The Phoenician Structures are a prime example of the collapse of a distal continental margin due to the dissolution of a massive
salt layer. 相似文献
43.
The interferometer visibility of Jupiter, observed at a wavelength of 3.4 mm, is used to determine the global limb darkening of the planet's brightness. From a single-parameter fit to the visibility curve, we find an ammonia-to-molecular hydrogen mixing ratio of 6.4[+5.1, ?1.9] × 10?5, which corresponds to 35[+28, ?10]% of the solar nitrogen abundance if all of the nitrogen is in the form of ammonia. The fitting procedure uses a simple model atmosphere for the Jovian atmosphere which is based on other observations of the planet. The dependence of the result on the various model parameters is studied. 相似文献
44.
Parasitic programs for the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI), carried out concurrently with conventional radio astronomical observing programs, can be an attractive and cost-effective means of exploring the large multidimensional search space intrinsic to this effort. We describe a microprocessor-based automated SETI acquisition system which searches for and records spectra of narrowband signals in the IF band of an observatory receiver. Data taken with this system over 35 days at the Hat Creek Radio Observatory at 1612 MHz are discussed. Out of approximately 105 spectra processed during this period, 4000 were identified by the system as containing narrowband signals and were recorded. Subsequent analysis indicates that over 3900 of these are due to local RF contamination. The remainder are undergoing further investigation. 相似文献
45.
The physics of scattering of electromagnetic waves by media in which the particles are in contact, such as planetary regoliths, has been thought to be relatively well understood when the particles are larger than the wavelength. However, this is not true when the particles are comparable with or smaller than the wavelength. We have measured the scattering parameters of planetary regolith analogs consisting of suites of well-sorted abrasives whose particles ranged from larger to smaller than the wavelength. We measured the variation of reflectance as the phase angle varied from 0.05° to 140°. The following parameters of the media were then deduced: the single scattering albedo, single scattering phase function, transport mean free path, and scattering, absorption, and extinction coefficients. A scattering model based on the equation of radiative transfer was empirically able to describe quantitatively the variation of intensity with angle for each sample. Thus, such models can be used to characterize scattering from regoliths even when the particles are smaller than the wavelength. The scattering parameters were remarkably insensitive to particle size. These results are contrary to theoretical predictions, but are consistent with earlier measurements of alumina abrasives that were restricted to small phase angles. They imply that a basic assumption made by virtually all regolith scattering models, that the regolith particles are the fundamental scattering units of the medium, is incorrect. Our understanding of scattering by regoliths appears to be incomplete, even when the particles are larger than the wavelength. 相似文献
46.
Properties of the light saturation curve of photosynthesis and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPC) activity are shown to change qualitatively in a natural population of marine phytoplankton during a spring bloom. Evidence is presented to show that these changes constitute photoadapative responses to increasing irradiance. As irradiance increased during the bloom, both the level of light-saturated photosynthesis (Pm) and the initial slope of the light saturation curve (α = photosynthetic efficiency) increased whether those parameters were normalized to chlorophyll a concentration (Pmb, αb) or to cell numbers (Pmc, αc). The magnitudes of these changes were such that Ik (= Pm/α, the photoadaptation parameter) did not change, but Im, the light intensity at which photosynthesis becomes saturated, increased. RuBPC activity, both chlorophyll a (RuBPCb) and cell number normalized (RuBPCc), also increased during the bloom. We suggest that these adaptations were achieved by simultaneously increasing the number of photosynthetic units, proportionately decreasing the photosynthetic unit size, and increasing both the concentrations of the enzymes of the dark reactions and possibly also of photosynthetic electron transport components.We also observed diminished levels of photoinhibition in the high light adapted cells late in the bloom and have suggested that this was a consequence of the same suite of physiological changes.In situ carbon fixation per cell increased during the bloom whereas no change occurred in this parameter when normalized to chlorophyll a concentration. Although these photoadaptive responses thus permitted carbon to be fixed in situ more rapidly per cell, at a constant efficiency with respect to investment of energy in the photosynthetic apparatus, they did not result in a change in growth rate. Based on consideratios of the role of time scale in physiological adaptation, however, it is suggested that the observed alterations in photosynthesis with increasing irradiance might permit a cell to more rapidly fill an energy quota for division, possibly an advantage in a mixing environment in which energy is patchily distributed, both spatially and temporalyy.Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity when normalized to chlorophyll a (PEPCb) did not change during the bloom while chlorophyll a normalized dark carbon fixation decreased sharply and was quantitatively small compared to PEPCb. On this basis and considering that RuBPCb increased during the bloom, it is suggested that, although PEPC may be involved in dark carbon fixation, its most important quantitative role is probably an indirect one in light dependent photosynthesis.We have also considered the relevance of laboratory results on photoadaptation to interpretations of field studies and have suggested that batch culture studies must be treated with caution but that turbidistat and semi-continuous methods provide reasonable simulations of natural conditions. 相似文献
47.
Fourteen midwater trawl collections to depths of 450 m to 1,400 m were taken at eleven stations in the Bering Sea and adjoining regions of the northern North Pacific by the R/V Hakuho Maru during the summer of 1975. A total of 29 kinds of fishes were identified. Mesopelagic fishes of the families Myctophidae, Gonostomatidae and Bathylagidae predominated in the catches, contributing 14 species (94%) of the fishes caught.Seventeen species of fishes were caught in the Bering Sea, and all of these are known from nearby areas. The mesopelagic fish fauna of the Bering Sea is similar to that in adjoining regions of the northern North Pacific Ocean: endemic species are rare or absent.
Stenobrachius nannochir was usually the most common mesopelagic fish in our catches.Stenobrachius leucopsarus is a diel vertical migrant that is usually the dominant mesopelagic fish in modified Subarctic waters of the northeastern Pacific. The change in dominance fromS. nannochir in the western Bering Sea toS. leucopsarus in the eastern Bering Sea is related to differences in oceanographic conditions. 相似文献
48.
William P Dillon 《Marine Geology》1974,16(3):121-143
The structure of the continental shelf off southern Morocco was studied by means of 2,100 km of seismic reflection profiles, magnetic and bathymetric surveys, and dredge samples. The research area lies off four geologic divisions adjacent to the coast: the Atlas Mountains; the Souss Trough; the Anti-Atlas Mountains; and the Aaiun Basin. The continental shelf, along with the western Atlas Mountains, the western Souss Trough, and the entire Aaiun Basin, has subsided along a normal fault-flexure system. This system runs along the shore at the Anti-Atlas Mountains, and cuts off this cratonic block from the shelf subsidence. The shelf is narrow and characterized by out-building off the Anti-Atlas range, whereas it is broader and characterized by upbuilding to the north and south. Deposition was essentially continuous at least from Early Cretaceous through Eocene time. Published work suggests that the last cycle of sedimentation began during Permian rifting. After Eocene time, most sediments carried to the shelf must have bypassed it and gone to construct the slope and rise or to the deep sea. Tertiary orogenies caused extensive folding of Mesozoic and early Tertiary deposits off the Atlas Mountains. 相似文献
49.
The impact of the Alaskan Stream (AS) eddies on the chlorophyll a (chl-a) distribution in the central subarctic North Pacific
was investigated through analysis of chl-a and altimetry data from satellite observations. Altimetry observations provided
the locations of mesoscale eddies in time and space within the maps of chlorophyll distributions. The climatological chl-a
distributions averaged in the area and time showing presence of AS eddies suggested that AS eddies contributed significantly
to the chl-a distribution in the deep-sea region of the subarctic North Pacific. The chl-a distribution was closely related
to the AS eddies regardless of whether the eddy was located in or detached from the AS. A combination of two or three AS eddies
sometimes formed high chl-a concentration belts that injected chlorophyll and coastal nutrient-rich waters southward from
the Aleutian Islands far into the deep-sea region of the subarctic North Pacific. These results indicate that chl-a distribution
in the central subarctic North Pacific was strongly impacted by AS eddies. 相似文献
50.
We study the reaction of a global ocean–sea ice model to an increase of fresh water input into the northern North Atlantic under different surface boundary conditions, ranging from simple restoring of surface salinity to the use of an energy balance model (EBM) for the atmosphere. The anomalous fresh water flux is distributed around Greenland, reflecting increased melting of the Greenland ice sheet and increasing fresh water export from the Arctic Ocean. Depending on the type of surface boundary condition, the large circulation reacts with a slow-down of overturning and gyre circulations. Restoring of the total or mean surface salinity prevents a large scale redistribution of the salinity field that is apparent under mixed boundary conditions and with the EBM. The control run under mixed boundary conditions exhibits large and unrealistic oscillations of the meridional overturning. Although the reaction to the fresh water flux anomaly is similar to the response with the EBM, mixed boundary conditions must thus be considered unreliable. With the EBM, the waters in the deep western boundary current initially become saltier and a new fresh water mass forms in the north-eastern North Atlantic in response to the fresh water flux anomaly around Greenland. After an accumulation period of several decades duration, this new North East Atlantic Intermediate Water spreads towards the western boundary and opens a new southward pathway at intermediate depths along the western boundary for the fresh waters of high northern latitudes. 相似文献