Spatial distribution characteristics of urban thermal conditions: application of GIS and remote sensing

Due to the limitation of site number, manpower and material resources, it is hard to gain a deep understanding of the plane distribution and internal structure of the thermal conditions by routine methods to study the thermal landscape characteristics of the ground surface. Using remote sensing method to study and analyze heat island effect has many advantages, such as high resolution, wide coverage and dense samples. In order to study, in advance and synchronously, the thermal distribution ch…     

广东地区断裂安全度的计算

以准静态非稳定地震模型为理论依据，采用二维有限元方法与正交设计法，联合反演本世纪以来广东省及其邻近地区的５次强震活动对断裂安全度的影响。进行探讨潜在的地震危险区。结果表明，断裂安全度下降剧烈特别是安全度接近为零的地区具有较大的危险性。阳江地震以后，广东东部的几条北西断裂安全度数值较低，最近期地震危险最突出的地段。此外，珠江三角洲南侧的北东东向断裂与北西向断裂的交汇处也具有一定的潜在地震危险。     

一次强降水系统的演变和细结构分析

文章分析1992年7月23日河北省东部平原地区一次突发性暴雨过程，研究了产生特大暴雨的中-α尺度对流系统的演变及其细结构，讨论了该系统内部中心暖区形成的物理机制，并指出几种不同尺度的天气系统相互作用对这次暴雨系统的重要影响。     

EVALUATION OF CGCM AND SIMULATION OF REGIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE IN EAST ASIA*

In this paper,experiment results about East Asia climate from five CGCMs are described.The ability of the models to simulate present climate and the simulated response to increased carbon dioxide are both covered.The results indicate that all models show substantial changes in climate when carbon dioxide concentrations are doubled.In particular,the strong surface warming at high latitudes in winter and the significant increase of summer precipitation in the monsoon area are produced by all models.Regional evaluation results show that these five CGCMs are particularly good in simulating spatial distribution of present climate.The main characteristics of the seasonal mean H500,SAT,MSLP field can be simulated by most CGCMs.But there are significant systematic errors in SAT,MSLP,HS00 fields in most models.On the whole,DKRZ OPYC is the best in simulating the present climate in East Asia.     

一次华北强降雪过程的湿对称不稳定性研究

运用湿球位涡和倾斜有效位能的概念从条件性对称不稳定（ＣＳＩ）和局地对称不稳定（ＬＳＩ）这两个侧面计算了一次华北强降雪过程的湿对称不稳定的水平分布和垂直分布状况，并比较详细地讨论了湿对称不稳定对１９８６年１１月２２—２３日发生在内蒙古河套地区和林东、林西地区附近的一条狭长的强降雪带的可能作用以及湿对称不稳定与基本气流走向、风垂直切变和水汽的关系，发现：这条降雪带与雪区附近低层的湿球位涡负值区走向大体平行；在降雪带中分别位于呼和浩特、东胜地区和林东、林西地区的强降雪中心有着不同的动力学机制，前者主要为在暖区具有弱的对称不稳定的情形下锋生强迫作用所致，后者则是由明显的湿对称不稳定所致。     

RESEARCH ON MOIST SYMMETRIC INSTABILITY IN A STRONG SNOWFALL IN NORTH CHINA

The concept of wet bulb potential vorticity and SCAPE (slantwise convective available potentialenergy) is used to calculate the horizontal and vertical distribution of moist symmetric instabilityincluding convective symmetric instability (CSI) and local symmetric instability (LSI) in the processof a storm snowfall in North China.The potential contribution of moist symmetric instability to anarrow storm snowfall belt occurring in the Hetao and Lindong,Linxi region of Inner Mongolia andthe relationship between moist symmetric instability and direction of the basic flow,wind shear andmoisture are discussed.It is found that the strong snowfall belt is almost parallel with negative valuearea of wet bulb potential vorticity at low levels in the vicinity of snow area.And the dynamicalmechanism of the strong snowfall center in the Lindong,Linxi region is different from that in theHetao region.The former is induced by frontogenetical forcing with weak symmetric instability in thewarm section of frontal area and the latter triggered by obvious moist symmetric instability.     

后置群体评价方法在天气预报决策中的应用

在应用各种预报方法作每日的天气预报时，常遇到的各种预报方法的结果不一致的情形，这时需集各预报结果为一体作为群体决策意见，作者介绍了后置群体评价方法在天气预报决策中的具体应用，用该方法进行决策，取得了较理想的效果。     

隧道工程地质预报方法探讨

本文从一些隧道工程事故实例出发，讨论了引起坍方和涌水灾害的工程、水文地质条件，不同工程阶段的预报方法以及预报研究的重大经济效益。最后提出五点提高预报符合率的原则和方法。     

深海洋底热泉生态系和冷泉生物研究综述

现代海洋学、微生物学和生物学的研究表明，在深海火山活动和板块消减带所形成的地质背景下分别可能有海底热泉和冷泉的存在。在这种海底热泉和冷泉区的特殊环境中能够能海底热泉生态系的冷泉生物。它们能够依靠体内共生化学厌氧合成细菌产生营养，因而可能存在于完全缺氧的还原环境。海底热泉和冷泉生物学研究是对传统的生物学和地质学的挑战，人们还可能通过古代海底热泉和冷泉生态系的识别和分析，对涉及生命发生、生物演化、生物     

微量元素及重矿物判别分析在西昆仑山前第三系划分对比中的应用

采用微量元素和重矿物判别分析方法解决百昆仑山前长期未解决的红色哑地层划分对比问题。微量元素和重矿物与沉积环境及物源性质密切相关。不同时期，不同水系（物源区）的沉积岩具有不同的重矿物和微量元素特征。在西昆仑山前初步建立了３条微量元素和重矿物标准剖面，每条剖面均建立了划分组段的微量元素和重矿物两套判别函数。用以解决地面或井下未知层位样品的判别归属问题，经地面和井下验证取得初步成效。