Effects of Hanseniaspora opuntiae C21 on the growth and digestive enzyme activity of juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicas

The effects of a diet containing Hanseniaspora opuntiae C21 on growth and digestive enzyme activity were estimated in juvenile Apostichopus japonicus. Groups of sea cucumbers were fed diets containing H. opuntiae C21 at 0(control), 10 4, 10 5, and 10 6 CFU(colony-forming units)/g feed. Results showed that after 45 d the specific growth rate(SGR) of sea cucumbers fed a C21-supplemented diet at 10 4 CFU/g feed was significantly higher than that of the control( P 0.05). Intestinal trypsin and lipase activities were significantly enhanced by C21 administration at 10 4 and 10 5 CFU/g feed compared with the control( P 0.05). After feeding for 23–42 d, C21 was demonstrated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to be present in the intestine of sea cucumbers. In addition, after feeding the C21-supplemented diets for 15 d, the sea cucumbers were switched to an unsupplemented diet and C21 was confirmed to be capable of colonizing the intestine for at least 31 d after cessation of feeding. In conclusion, C21 was shown to successfully colonize the intestine of juvenile A. japonicus via dietary supplementation, and improve growth and digestive enzyme activity.     

肥城市采煤塌陷地治理利用情况

1基本做法 肥城市地处山东中部,是山东省重要的煤炭基地,自1958年建矿以来,先后有13座煤矿建成投产。地下煤炭资源的开采,造成大面积土地塌陷,严重破坏了矿区的地形地貌。塌陷涉及肥城市4个镇71个行政村,总面积5000hm^2。由于地面塌陷,交通、水利、农业基础设施遭到严重破坏,大面积的粮田成为沼泽水域,杂草丛生,荆棘遍地,生态环境恶化,人民的正常生产和生活受到重大影响。     

Zircon saturation model in silicate melts: a review and update

Zircon stability in silicate melts—which can be quantitatively constrained by laboratory measurements of zircon saturation—is important for understanding the evolution of magma. Although the original zircon saturation model proposed by Watson and Harrison (Earth Planet Sci Lett 64(2):295–304, 1983) is widely cited and has been updated recently, the three main models currently in use may generate large uncertainties due to extrapolation beyond their respective calibrated ranges. This paper reviews and updates zircon saturation models developed with temperature and compositional parameters. All available data on zircon saturation ranging in composition from mafic to silicic (and/or peralkaline to peraluminous) at temperatures from 750 to 1400 °C were collected to develop two refined models (1 and 2) that may be applied to the wider range of compositions. Model 1 is given by lnC_Zr(melt) = (14.297 ± 0.308) + (0.964 ± 0.066)·M − (11113 ± 374)/T, and model 2 given by lnC_Zr(melt) = (18.99 ± 0.423) − (1.069 ± 0.102)·lnG − (12288 ± 593)/T, where C_Zr(melt) is the Zr concentration of the melt in ppm and parameters M [= (Na + K + 2Ca)/(Al·Si)] (cation ratios) and G [= (3·Al₂O₃ + SiO₂)/(Na₂O + K₂O + CaO + MgO + FeO)] (molar proportions) represent the melt composition. The errors are at one sigma, and T is the temperature in Kelvin. Before applying these models to natural rocks, it is necessary to ensure that the zircon used to date is crystallized from the host magmatic rock. Assessment of the application of both new and old models to natural rocks suggests that model 1 may be the best for magmatic temperature estimates of metaluminous to peraluminous rocks and that model 2 may be the best for estimating magmatic temperatures of alkaline to peralkaline rocks.

     

中国东南部丹霞地貌的区域构造控制

中国东南部是＂中国丹霞＂地貌的典型代表地区,位于中新生代滨太平洋构造域的大陆边缘活动带。中生代内陆断陷盆地沉积了一套巨厚的紫红色类磨拉石建造,奠定了丹霞地貌造形成景的岩石地层基础;新近纪以来的新构造运动,使地壳差异性抬升,形成了南岭和武夷山脉等构造山地。紫红色砂砾岩建造在强烈的流水切割及重力崩塌作用下,发育了一大批极具观赏价值的丹霞地貌,构成了武夷山丹霞地貌密集带等区域性的重要旅游景观资源。从燕山期岩石地层建造到喜山期改造成景,区域构造作用始终是主导性的地球动力学因素。     

广西十万大山盆地构造特征新认识

通过对横穿十万大山前陆盆地的SD94-Ⅳ地震剖面的解释,证实十万大山盆地曾经历了至少2次以上的不同方向的构造运动:早期为前泥盆纪,表现为北西向南东的冲断;晚期为中泥盆世至白垩纪,构造由南东向北西发展.该地区在加里东期存在的北西向南东方向的构造运动值得进一步研究.     

第四纪时期东亚季风变化的动力机制

本文作者主张：古气候演化的动力机制研究应从动力因子和动力过程两个方面人手。通过对比东亚冬季风、夏季风、印度季风及全球冰量变化的时间特征和频率特征,我们得到以下认识：1）大致在过去0.8Ma这个时段,东亚冬、夏季风基本上具同相位、同周期的互为消长演化特征;2）东南季风演化具0.1Ma的主导周期,而印度季风变化则以较短周期为主;3）东亚冬、夏季风与全球冰量变化在时间范畴上可作很好的对比,尤其是这三者均含有主导性的0.1Ma周期。在此基础上,本文提出东亚季风演化的“全球冰量驱动模式”,并初步讨论了东亚季风变化对全球冰量变化响应的动力过程。     

Regulation of water quality and growth characteristics of indoor raceway culture of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Litopenaeus vannamei</Emphasis>

Two modes of regulating the water quality of experimental ponds in indoor raceway culture of Litopenaeus vannamei were evaluated using simple water treatment facilities. A self-made water purifying net, aeration stone, composite microbe preparation, and Ceratophyllum demersum were placed in the experimental ponds and the culture water was circulated along the raceway inside the pond using a paddle wheel aerator. In addition, the water quality in the experimental pond was improved by draining effluent from the pipeline at the bottom of ponds 7 and 8 (mode I) and exchanging the circulating water in pond 10 (mode II) with the reservoir water in pond 9 using a pump and pipeline. The water quality in the experimental ponds was similar in response to regulation using mode I or mode II. Water quality parameters in the experimental ponds were controlled within a suitable range by simple facilities during culture period without using any chemical treatments. The rich content of dissolved oxygen was maintained by the circular flow and continuous aeration of the pond water. The respective average values of the main water parameters in experimental ponds 7 and 10 in response to regulation of the water quality using modes I and II were as follows: pH 8.17 and 7.99; DO 5.16 mg/L and 5.97 mg/L; COD_Mn 18.45 and 12.61 mg/L; TAN (NH₃-N) 0.854 mg/L (0.087 mg/L) and 0.427 mg/L (0.012 mg/L); NO₂-N 0.489 mg/L and 0.337 mg/L. Moreover, the average body length and body weight of harvested shrimp of pond 7 and pond 10 were 7.56 cm and 8.99 cm, 5.10 g and 8.33 g, respectively. Furthermore, the survival rate, average biomass yield and average condition factor of the shrimp harvested were 70% and 60%, 2.54 kg/m² and 2.14 kg/m², and 0.675 g/cm and 0.927 g/cm, respectively. Linear equations describing the relationship between body length and culture time and cubic or power functions describing the relationship between body weight and body length were obtained based on evaluation of the growth data of shrimps throughout the culture period.     

论气候在西非萨赫勒地带荒漠化中的作用：兼谈近期人类活动的影响

西非萨赫勒地带是世界上最严重的荒漠化地区。本文论述了气候在其荒漠化中的作用这一理论问题。文中提出，不能简单化和绝对化对看待这个问题。气候在该地带荒漠化中的作用具有复杂性，既有直接作用，又有间接作用；既能单独起作用，又能与人类过度经济活动因素结合在一起发挥巨大的作用。     

澜沧江流域糯扎渡水库消落带植被的物种组成、空间分布特征及地形解释

澜沧江最大梯级水库——糯扎渡水库运行之后,消落带许多原有植被物种被淹消亡,造成大面积次生裸地以及严重水土流失现象.消落带植被亟待生态修复,但缺乏基本数据支撑和参考.2020年7月,基于轻型无人机支持下的3S技术,结合现场调研,采用神经网络模型、空间叠加分析、景观格局指数以及典型相关性分析等方法,提取了糯扎渡水库典型消落带植被分类图及地形数据,定量分析了研究区本土物种组成、面积、覆盖率、分布特征、景观空间格局及地形解释.结果显示,研究区消落带植被覆盖率达74.13%,涵盖18种植物,物种数量仅占蓄水前的18.9%,原生植物仅剩飞机草（Chromolaena odorata）存活,物种组成趋于简单,以一年生草本和多年生草本为主,分别占比55.56%、33.33%,菊科占据优势,苍耳（Xanthium sibiricum）、狗牙根（Cynodon dactylon）、牛筋草（Eleusine indica）和藿香蓟（Ageratum conyzoides）为主要优势物种,分别占比47.41%、29.39%、9.37%和4.56%,可作为生态修复备选物种.地形因子对消落带植被影响大小：高程>地表起伏度>水体距离>坡度>地形湿度指数>坡向.研究区优势植物均呈聚集分布,消落带中下部、上部分别以苍耳和狗牙根斑块为主导,苍耳和狗牙根在斑块优势度、连通性以及形状复杂性方面均远大于牛筋草和藿香蓟,表现出了较强的生存潜力.苍耳在地表起伏度0~1.26 m区段覆盖良好,狗牙根、牛筋草在地表起伏度0.78~2.07 m区段覆盖良好,当地表起伏度>2.07 m,植被生长困难.植被景观格局的破碎化程度、斑块形状复杂性分别与地表起伏度呈正相关、负相关,即地表起伏度越大导致植被景观格局越破碎和斑块形状越简单,进而导致种群生存力减弱.     

华北东北部的面波相速度层析成像研究

本文用华北临时地震台阵197个宽频带台站2006年12月～2007年6月记录的面波资料,用双台法测定了435条路径上周期8～75 s的基阶瑞利波相速度频散曲线.通过Ditmar & Yanovskaya 方法反演得到33个周期分辨率为30～50 km的相速度分布图像.分析研究了4个具有代表性周期的相速度分布图像,这些图像揭示了华北东北部地壳上地幔速度结构的横向非均匀性质.10 s周期的相速度分布图像清晰地勾绘出了华北东北部盆地与山区及其内部次级构造单元的边界,平原与山区的相速度存在明显的差异;华北东北部6级以上的强震大都分布在16 s周期高相速度与低相速度急剧变化的过渡带上,规模较大的断裂也大部分位于过渡带的边界附近;在研究区域中部,26 s周期的相速度出现一个明显的呈北东向展布的相速度梯度带,该梯度带与重力梯度带位置相近,说明该重力梯度带两侧的地壳速度结构差异较大.