科尔沁湿草甸参考作物蒸散发模拟分析

为探明气候变化下干旱半干旱地区湿草甸参考作物蒸散发(ET₀)影响因子,使用FAO 56 P-M模型对科尔沁湿草甸ET₀进行模拟,利用涡度相关系统对模型的适用性进行评价,并通过通径分析及指标敏感性分析对ET₀的影响因子进行辨识。结果表明:(1)小时尺度模拟精度最高,日尺度次之,月尺度较差,小时尺度上晴、阴、雨3种天气条件下模拟效果不同,晴天最优,阴雨天较差。(2)ET₀年内变化呈单峰曲线状,生长季明显高于非生长季,集中在3—10月,占全年89.79%。生长季典型晴天ET₀逐小时分布特征遵循倒“U”单峰型变化规律。(3)通径分析结果显示,对ET₀的通径系数以及对回归方程估测可靠程度E的总贡献均表现为VPD(饱和水汽压差) > T_min(最低气温) > R_n(冠层表面净辐射)>u₂(2 m高度风速),即VPD为影响ET₀最重要的因子;指标敏感性分析中,在去除VPD后引起的E变化最大,说明ET₀对VPD的变化最为敏感,其次为u₂、T_min和R_n。     

农户的非农就业如何影响中国的土地流转?

To clarify the impact of non-agricultural employment on rural land circulation in China,we built logit models using the Chinese Household Income Project 2013 dataset,which includes 18,948 household samples over 15 provinces,126 cities and 234 counties of China in 2013.We use the proportion of non-agricultural income,the proportion of non-agricultural laborers and non-agricultural fixed operating assets to reflect the degree of the households’dependence on agriculture,the degree of the households’laborers committed to non-agricultural employment and the stability of non-agricultural employment,respectively.The results show that the stability of non-agricultural employment is an important reason for farmers to transfer out their land,and an increase in non-agricultural income is the fundamental reason.The proportion of non-agricultural assets has the greatest impact on the decision to transfer land,followed by the proportion of non-agricultural income.Per unit increase in the non-agricultural income ratio has a stronger effect on the transfer-out decision than it does on the transfer-in decision,which is a 0.09 increase of the probability of transfer-out the land and a 0.07 decrease of the probability of transfer-in the land.In terms of regional differences,when considering the impact of non-agricultural employment on the land transfer-out decision,the impacts of non-agricultural income and labor force are the greatest in the Central region.The impact of non-agricultural assets is the greatest in the Eastern region.For the Eastern region,the decision to transfer out land is mainly affected by non-agricultural assets and the non-agricultural labor force,and the decision to transfer in land is mainly affected by non-agricultural assets.In the Central and Western regions,the decision to transfer out land is mainly affected by non-agricultural assets,non-agricultural income and the non-agricultural labor force,in that order.The decision to transfer in land in the Central region is not significantly affected by non-agricultural employment.The decision to transfer in land in the Western region is mainly affected by non-agricultural assets,non-agricultural labor force and non-agricultural income,in that order.We note that non-agricultural assets have a prominent impact on land transfer,which shows that the stability of non-agricultural employment has an important impact on land transfer decision-making.Vocational training for rural labor forces may be an effective means to promote stable non-agricultural employment and simultaneously facilitate rural land circulation,especially in Central and Western China.     

Designing a spatial pattern to rebalance the orientation of development and protection in Wuhan

Patterns of spatial development and protection form a basic category of geoscience,and redesigning them is a popular subject of research in regional sustainable development that is important for ecological civilization construction.The authors here report a case study of Wuhan city using the circuit theory model and minimum cumulative resistance(MCR)model to rebalance its spatial protection and development.The results show the following:(1)Using the density of the gross domestic product(GDP),density of population,rate of urbanization,and access to transportation as evaluation indicators,seven core areas of development in Wuhan were identified,accounting for 59%of the total number of streets,that exhibited a “circular-satellite”spatial structure.(2)According to the importance of ecosystem services,ecological sensitivity,land use type,and slope of the terrain,the resistance surface of spatial development in Wuhan had a stereoscopic spatial form of an“inverted pyramid,”with high surroundings and a low center.The area of low resistance accounted for 6.64%of the total area of Wuhan.(3)Based on coupling analysis using the MCR and spatial morphological characteristics of current,nine axes of spatial development with a total area of 427.27 km2 and eight key strategic points with a total area of 40.02 km2 were identified.Streets that were prioritized for development accounted for 9.63%of Wuhan's total area.(4)By combining the characterization of the development axis with the structure of the three-level core area,we extracted the structure of spatial development of "one heart,two wings,and three belts" in Wuhan.The research framework and empirical results can provide scientific guidance for the urban spatial layout,the development of regional linkages,and ecological environmental protection in China.     

Analysis of Spatial–Temporal Evolution of Mining-Induced Fracture Field: A Case Study Using Image Processing in the Shaqu Coal Mine,China

Natural Resources Research - Mining-induced fracture plays a key role in gas drainage for gas burst-prone underground coal mines, especially for closely multilayered coal seams. The layout and...     

Prediction of Blast-Induced Rock Movement During Bench Blasting: Use of Gray Wolf Optimizer and Support Vector Regression

Natural Resources Research - A large ore loss and dilution can be expected when using a pre-blast ore boundary for shovel guidance because of the movement and re-distribution of ore in the muck...     

自然资源一体化政务服务系统及数据融合建设——以南京为例

自然资源部制定的信息化建设总体方案中,要求构建“互联网+自然资源政务服务”应用体系,实现“服务事项标准统一、整体联动、业务协同,自然资源政务服务和共享开放能力全面提高”。一体化政务服务系统作为政务服务应用体系的重点建设内容,也是落实自然资源管理“两统一”职责的重要支撑,如何整合各类数据资源、发挥系统作用,成为亟待研究的问题。本文在分析自然资源业务管理需求后,提出了一体化政务服务系统及数据融合的建设思路。     

基于像元二分模型的地表植被覆盖度估算模块化设计与实现

地表植被覆盖度是的一种应用广泛的定量遥感产品,在水文、生态、区域变化等方面都具有重要的意义。像元二分模型是应用最多的一种遥感估算地表覆盖度的方法。目前,用遥感的方法进行地表植被覆盖度估算没有完整、系统的工具,用户只能逐步进行操作,效率低下,鉴于上述情况,本文运用IDL交互式数据语言,基于ENVI二次开发了一个植被覆盖度估算程序,取得了一定的成效,对遥感定量产品的生产、应用具有一定意义。     

基于D-InSAR技术的金沙江地区滑坡形变监测与分析

滑坡是发生在我国山区的主要地质灾害类型,金沙江地区由于地势较高、地形复杂、多云多雨的特点,给传统的滑坡监测增加了难度。合成孔径雷达差分干涉测量技术(Differential interferometry synthetic aperture radar,D-InSAR)已在滑坡地面沉降监测中得到了广泛应用。本文选取金沙江上游沿岸作为研究区域,基于2018年8月11日与9月28日的Sentinel-1A影像及SRTM1数据,利用GAMMA软件及D-InSAR技术监测到金沙江地区的地表形变,成功识别出金沙江右岸的一处滑坡灾害。研究结果显示,在此滑坡的坡顶部分出现了约2.5 cm的沉降,而在坡底部分由于崩塌物的累积,地面出现了约3 cm的抬升。从实验结果可以得出,InSAR技术是一种有效的滑坡变形监测手段,利用Sentinel-1A卫星的SAR数据对滑坡区域进行形变监测,可以得到较好的干涉结果。     

机载光学全谱段遥感林火监测

森林火灾是一种危害极大的自然灾害,是森林扰动的主要类型之一,直接影响森林生态系统结构、碳循环甚至全球气候的变化。近年来,航空平台和传感器的技术进步有效地提升了机载遥感系统探测和监测森林火灾的能力,推动了机载遥感在森林可燃物调查及载量评估、火险测报预测、火场态势及火情监测、灾害损失评估以及火烧迹地生态修复治理等方面的应用。本文首先介绍了中国林业科学研究院机载光学全谱段遥感系统CAF-LiTCHy（Chinese Academy of Forestry’s LiDAR,Thermal,CCD and Hyperspectral airborne observation system）,描述了激光雷达扫描仪、热红外相机、CCD相机和高光谱传感器等传感器的参数;然后,阐明了集成方案和观测数据的处理方法;最后,以四川省西昌市“3.30森林火灾”作为该系统火后灾情遥感调查和灾情评估应用示例,综合多传感器数据特征,进行森林火烧程度评价,分析该系统采集的正射影像、冠层高度模型、高光谱影像、热红外影像在森林火灾监测评价中的潜力。研究结果表明CAF-LiTCHy机载遥感观测系统能有效获取森林火灾的灾情信息、火场及火环境参数,可为预防、预报预警、扑救指挥、灾害评估和生态修复提供支持。     

一种基于北斗三频的改进CIR算法

北斗卫星导航系统能全星座播发3个频率的观测值,有利于载波相位模糊度的解算。本文以传统的CIR方法为基础,分析了其在短基线和长基线计算时的优点和限制。针对于电离层延迟的影响,经典的CIR难以实现长基线模糊度固定的问题,本文提出了一种附有约束条件的适用于长基线的改进CIR算法,利用北斗三频数据对算法性能进行了验证。实验表明:提出的新算法能够提高长基线宽巷模糊度的固定成功率,并且能够很大程度上缩小窄巷模糊度的搜索空间,使其估值的波动能够在4周以内。