二维有限元大地电磁正演模拟在Matlab上的实现

Matlab高级语言开发平台对矩阵的计算简便快速,并且绘图输出文件方便。以这些特点为契机,在Matlab平台上,讨论利用有限单元法实现二维大地电磁正演的问题,推导出相应的公式,计算地表或海底视电阻率及相位,并与解析解以及主流方法结果对比,证实了本文方法的正确性。     

Identification of geologic contrasts from landscape dissection pattern: An application to the Cascade Range, Oregon, USA

This paper demonstrates the plausibility of inferring the spatial variability of geology from topographically derived landscape dissection patterns. This enables surveying large regions for spatial variability in geology, for which direct remote sensing is not feasible, by studying variability in dissection pattern, a feature extracted straight off from digital elevation model data. Dissection pattern is obtained automatically by a novel algorithm, especially designed to delineate the valleys with high accuracy in order to reflect spatial variability in dissection density. The dissection pattern is encapsulated by a continuous map of drainage density, a raster variable best suited for showing spatial variability of dissection. Such a map, constructed for the study area in the Cascade Range, Oregon, USA, shows a sharp discontinuity in the dissection pattern, indicating change in underlying geology. Possible factors controlling the dissection pattern such as climate, local and regional slopes, vegetation, and geology are examined, and geology has been found to be the dominant controlling factor. The dissection contrast coincides with the boundary between the Western and High Cascades, two geologic provinces with different rock ages and types. The older and less permeable Western Cascades are associated with denser dissection pattern, whereas the younger and more permeable High Cascades correspond to less dissected pattern. This new mapping method can be applied to locations where topography is the only readily available data, and the generated map could be used to extract previously unknown geologic or environmental information.     

新疆夜雨和昼雨的空间分布和长期变化

基于云南省1977—2017年124个测站逐小时降水资料,运用时空平均等统计方法,分析了云南地区夜雨率、夜雨频次和夜雨强度的基本气候特征。结果表明：（1）云南夜雨占日降水量的比例较大,各个季节大部分地区夜雨率均能超过50%,且具有显著的区域性差异。多年平均夜雨率逐候变化呈现复杂和特殊的三峰型变化。（2）云南夜雨年频次呈现东部和西部多,而中部少的特征。主要是因为春、冬季云南东部和西部受南支西风系统、昆明准静止锋及云南地形的共同影响,是典型夜雨高频区。（3）云南北部和南部边缘在全年多数时段为夜雨强度的大值区,而中部常年夜雨强度相对较弱。云南大部地区夏、秋季夜雨强度大于春、冬季,但云南西北部边缘夜雨强度春、冬季高于夏、秋季。

     

LEMI-417型地球深部电磁场观测系统的数据格式解析

LEMI-417长周期大地电磁测深仪是目前国内普及程度较高的一套通过观测超低频段天然电磁场信号来探测地球深部壳幔电性结构的观测系统。本文对该系统采集的天然大地电磁场数据的原始二进制数据结构进行了深入研究,剖析出了其对应的计算机数据结构,并列出了核心的程序代码,以作为下一步的后期数据解释软件开发之基础。     

Preliminary assessment of CO2 transport and storage costs of promising source–sink matching scenarios in Guangdong province,China

Guangdong is the most economically developed province in China, which is a large CO₂ emitter and hence is faced with severe carbon reduction pressures. In this paper, a cost assessment methodology based on scenario analysis is presented. A CO₂ source and sink database was built at Guangdong after detailed investigations on the point sources and sedimentary basins. Fifteen transport and five storage scenarios were defined and studied, respectively. Cost estimates based on these scenarios show that during its lifetime, the costs of both transport and storage depend on the amount of CO₂ processed. More CO₂ being processed will bring down the unit costs of both transport and storage. However, it was observed that there is a cost inflection point between the storage amount of 35.2 and 52.8 Mt/year, which means that as the storage amount increases, the storage cost will first decrease and then increase. Source region S1 in Guangdong has been recommended for an early chance of CO₂ storage. Preliminary cost comparisons have shown that the results presented in this study are reasonable, but to improve the cost assessment accuracy of offshore CO₂ storage, a methodology based on a CO₂ storage design that can integrate local prices needs to be further developed.     

角度域广义Radon变换多参数非迭代线性反演

基于Born近似的线性反演是当前流行的定量化地震成像与反演方法, 然而, 现有线性反演方法存在多种不可避免的问题, 比如迭代计算成本过高, 背景模型依赖, 以及多参数提取不确定/不稳定.为避免这些问题, 本文提出了角度域广义Radon变换(AD-GRT)多参数非迭代反演方法(2D声波双参数介质).AD-GRT是一种地震数据与角度域模型之间的积分变换, 该角度域模型能够保留地震散射数据的完整信息.基于该角度域模型, 地震数据可被精确重建, 即使背景模型是错误的.介质双扰动参数可在角度域模型中准确且稳定提取.为解决传统角度域离散方法存在的幅值震荡和不连续问题, 设计了两种有效的角度域离散单元分裂方法, 实现了平滑连续的角度域幅值提取.为提高AD-GRT反演的分辨率, 考虑了震源子波反滤波.利用三个数值模型验证了AD-GRT在角度域模型反演、数据重建、多参数提取方面的有效性.

     

黄陵背斜的构造几何形态及其成因探讨

黄陵背斜位于扬子克拉通的东缘,其核部出露的崆岭群被认为是扬子克拉通的基底岩石,并成为华南地质学研究的热点地区。从区域上看,黄陵背斜紧邻江汉盆地,东西两侧分别是荆当盆地与秭归盆地,黄陵背斜和周缘盆地构成明显的隆起—坳陷相互对应的构造。详细的野外观察和构造几何学的剖析表明,黄陵背斜的两翼西陡东缓,构成不对称背形的穹隆构造。在穹隆形成过程中,相应的岩石变形以顺层滑脱及相关的褶皱和小规模的逆冲断层为主,在早三叠世薄层灰岩、志留纪龙马溪组页岩、奥陶纪灰岩、寒武纪炭质灰岩以及震旦纪陡山沱组薄层灰岩广泛发育,并具有垂向缩短的重力滑脱特点,构造叠加关系指示了其形成于晚侏罗—早白垩纪之间。在构造变形分析的基础上,并深入探讨了黄陵背斜成因的3种可能的动力学背景。     

一种基于GA-BP-MC神经网络的高铁桥墩沉降预测模型

提出一种基于马尔科夫链修正的遗传BP神经网络预测模型（GA-BP-MC）,利用遗传算法的全局寻优能力初始化BP神经网络权值和阈值,初步建立GA-BP神经网络预测模型,结合马尔科夫链的无后效性修正模型预测值,形成高精度GA-BP-MC神经网络变形预测模型。结合高铁桥墩沉降数据,分别与BP神经网络、GA-BP神经网络预测模型进行对比,结果表明,该预测模型精度最高。     

山区三维地震勘探大时差静校正及时深转换

山地煤矿采区地形条件复杂，正确进行大时差静校正是处理好二维地震勘探资料的重要一环。大时差静校正会改变煤层反射波时间(t0)及双曲线特征，为减小校正误差，需设立一个CMP面，将校正量分为高频分量和CMP校正量。在地形高差变化剧烈的山地，不能用高于地表面的统一基准面为零线进行时深转换，须进行充填层时差(△t)校正，将统一基准面校正到地表面，再以地表面为零线进行时深转换成图。以便准确无误的展示煤层赋存形态，提高构造图精度。     

地球物理数据网格化方法的选取

绘制地球物理数据等值线图时,需要根据客观环境特征和数据本身的特点,选择合适的网格化方法.通过实例,分别介绍了加权反距离插值法、克里格法、最小曲率法、最近邻点法、多项式回归法、径向基函数法、带线性插值的三角剖分法等常用网格化方法的选取方法、适用范围及参数设置等使用技巧.