硫介导细菌还原载砷铁矿对砷迁移转化的影响

硫在铁和砷的生物地球化学循环中发挥着重要作用,但地下水系统中硫循环的中间产物S(0)对细菌转化铁和砷的影响尚不清楚.采用室内模拟实验,研究硫参与下细菌D2201对液相和载砷针铁矿中Fe(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的还原作用.结果表明:细菌D2201具有很强的铁还原能力,可以将液相中74％的Fe(Ⅲ)还原;加入硫后,细菌还原S(0...     

汞的稳定同位素分馏机理

汞是唯一能够以气态单质形式进行长距离传输的有毒重金属元素,其环境行为和健康危害受到广泛关注.近十多年来发展起来的汞稳定同位素技术为研究环境中汞的来源、迁移转化过程以及相应的生态环境效应提供了新的视野.汞同位素是自然界中唯一表现出多种显著非质量分馏(MIF)的独特金属同位素体系,对汞同位素的研究一直偏重应用,而对其分馏机理的认识十分有限.本文从汞稳定同位素分馏理论、分馏实验研究和实际环境过程的汞同位素分馏三方面系统阐述了近十多年来关于汞同位素分馏机理的研究成果、最新进展和未来发展方向.尽管目前的研究普遍认为无机汞的光化学氧化还原和甲基汞的光化学降解是环境中汞同位素MIF的主要产生机制,然而MIF程度和方向的影响因素还不完全清楚,其量化理论还未完全建立,实际环境过程中的分馏机理研究还相对缺乏.未来需要结合理论和实验研究进一步明确大气、陆地、海洋、极地、古环境等实际环境体系中的汞同位素分馏机理,进而拓展汞同位素的应用.     

老挝万象平原钾盐矿床控矿构造研究

老挝万象平原钾盐矿层赋存于新近系古新统塔贡组中,主要含钾矿物为光卤石,少量钾石盐.成矿期塔贡组及钾盐矿层主要受北西向的边界断裂及塔贡向斜控制;成矿期后钾盐矿层主要受褶皱(盐向斜、盐背斜)控制.在钾盐矿层沉积后,先在水平应力作用下形成宽缓褶皱.由于向斜部位相对沉降,沉积速度较快,钾盐矿层上部的碎屑岩较厚;而背斜部位相对上...     

遥感技术在我国水电建设前期工作中的应用

本文回顾了我国水电遥感工作自８０年代以来的发展状况，详细介绍了我国水电遥感调查工作的内容，方法及其所到得的效益，指出我国水电遥感工作具规模宏大，内容广泛，协同攻关的特点，也存在着遥感资料应用尚不够充分等三方面的不足。够     

树根桩加固地基的实践

树根桩加固处理地基是一种简单有效的方法，结合树根桩施工实践，论述了树根桩施工工艺及施工质量控制措施等问题。     

辽西四合屯脊椎动物集群死亡事件：火山爆发的灾变记录

辽西北票以ConfuciusornisSinosauropteryxZhangheotherium为代表的四合屯脊椎动物组合发现于义县组下部湖相沉积中,时代为早白垩世Barremian中期(J—K界线144 Ma)或Valanginian晚期(J—K界线136 Ma)。化石包括鱼类、两栖类、爬行类、鸟类和哺乳类及无脊椎动物和被子植物,孔子鸟类群和具“羽毛”的小型兽脚类恐龙共生。野外发掘表明,化石完整地保存骨骼硬体及羽毛、食物、胃石、卵等软体及生理组织,确认多次非正常生物集群死亡事件。在四合屯发掘剖面上,含化石正常沉积的湖相页岩与火山喷发事件形成的沉凝灰岩互层,中酸性火山爆发形成的环境突变效应是导致脊椎动物集群死亡的主要原因。     

U–Pb and Hf isotopic study of zircons from migmatised amphibolites in the Cathaysia Block: Implications for the early Paleozoic peak tectonothermal event in Southeastern China

Amphibolites occur in a number of localities in the Cathaysia Block, some of them have been migmatised and their protoliths represent basaltic magmas erupted in various tectonic settings. Four migmatised amphibolites were collected from Jiangxi and Fujian Provinces. Cathodo-luminescence images of zircons extracted from the representative amphibolites show unzoned or sector-zoned structure. LA-ICP-MS analysis indicates that most zircons have high Th/U ratios and yield U–Pb zircon ages of 446 ± 5, 435 ± 2, 434 ± 4 and 423 ± 2 Ma, respectively. Lu–Hf isotopic analysis on these zircons gives Hf model ages ranging from 900 to 1200 Ma. Based on lithological observations and previously published geochronological data, we interpret that these U–Pb ages record an important tectonothermal event that led to the migmatization. This early Paleozoic (Caledonian) tectonothermal event in the Southeastern China has a great tectonic implication for the evolutionary history of the Cathaysia Block.     

Review of Deep-Penetrating Geochemical Exploration Methods

It is a worldwide challenge to explore the deeply buried deposits. Deep-penetrating geochemical exploration methods were developed to solve the problems of how to get the information of the buried deposits in the covered layer. The methods were successfully used to indicate some buried deposits, but not all kinds of deposits. What is more, a method cannot be used in all kinds of landscapes. In this paper, theories and case studies of deep-penetrating geochemical exploration methods, including mobile metal ions, enzyme leach, leaching of mobile forms of metals in overburden, electro-geochemical extraction method, biogeochemical exploration, nano-metal in geogas were reviewed. Elements migration, unloading mechanism and anomaly models are the most important parts for deep-penetrating geochemistry and need to be further investigated. From the perspective of economic efficiency and applicability, sampling and analyzing procedures should be simplified to improve the stability of all methods.     

Effect of bedding planes on wave velocity and AE characteristics of the Longmaxi shale in China

The experimental work described in this paper was carried out in order to discover more about the effects of bedding planes on wave velocity and acoustic emission (AE) characteristics of shale. Two groups of specimens, which were collected from the Longmaxi shale outcrop in Chongqing, China and cored perpendicular and parallel to the bedding planes, were tested under uniaxial compression, and the wave velocity and AE were monitored. There were obvious differences in the acoustic characteristics of shale with different bedding plane orientations. The experimental results show that (1) the average increasing rates of P- and S-wave velocities were 39.86 and 54.41%, respectively, for the specimen with a load perpendicular to the bedding planes (Y-0). The P-wave velocity and axial strain of specimen show a marked logarithmic relationship. However, the average increasing rates of P- and S-wave velocities were 5.44 and 10.54%, respectively, for the specimen with a load parallel to the bedding planes (Y-90). The good linear relationship between P-wave velocity and axial strain before failure of specimen has been built. Generally, S-wave velocity was more sensitive to axial strain than P-wave velocity. (2) AE characteristics for Y-0 showed that a few signals → quiet period → stable increase → steep increase; for Y-90: quiet period → stable increase → sudden increase → sharp increase. The AE energy for two groups of specimens was concentrated on low and middle of amplitudes (45-80 dB), but the proportion of amplitudes (80–100 dB) and the total counts of AE for Y-0 was 1.95, 2.2 times as much as that for Y-90, respectively. The results preliminarily revealed the effect of bedding orientation on the wave velocity and AE properties of shale and may provide guidance for the improvement of acoustic logging and microseismic monitoring in the field.     

Petrogenesis and metallogenic potential of the Jurassic porphyries in the northwest Zhejiang Province,South China: insights from SHRIMP zircon geochronology,geochemistry, and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopes of the Huangbaikeng ore-bearing porphyries

The northwest Zhejiang Province is a key domain for providing deep insight into the crust–mantle interaction and tectonic evolution of the South China block. In this paper, we collect geochemical, geochronological, and isotopic data of the Jurassic porphyries in this region, and investigated the Huangbaikeng ore-bearing porphyry in the Tongcun Mo–Cu deposit, using it as an example to uncover the porphyry petrogenesis and evaluate their metallogenic potential. Two varieties of the Huangbaikeng porphyry were distinguished: the medium- to coarse-grained type and medium- to fine-grained type. Zircon Sensitive High-Resolution Ion Microprobe U–Pb dating indicates that they were emplaced at 161.8 ± 2.8 and 162.7 ± 3.5 Ma, respectively, which are consistent with the molybdenite Re–Os ages of 163.9–161.8 Ma. The inherited zircons age spectrum significantly recorded a series of geological events, for example, assembly and breakup of the Columbia and Rodinia supercontinent, and the Triassic collision of Yangtze and North China blocks. Whole rock Sr–Nd and Jurassic zircon Hf isotopic data yield mostly negative ε_Hf(t) values (0.5 to ?8.4) and ε_Nd(t) values (?0.79 to ?4.82). Besides the Huangbaikeng porphyry, all the Jurassic porphyries in the northwest Zhejiang Province have a wide range of SiO₂ contents (76.78–60.91 wt.%). They do not contain typical aluminous minerals (e.g. cordierite and garnet), and are mainly metaluminous to weakly peraluminous with high Na₂O, low FeO^T/MgO, and Zr + Nb + Ce + Y concentrations in composition. They thus fit the I-type granite definition. Some major and trace elements show strong correlations with SiO₂, possibly indicating extensive fractional crystallization during their magma evolution. Tectonic discriminations imply that these plutons were likely formed in a volcanic arc regime possibly related to subduction of the Palaeo-Pacific plate. Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic data suggest a mixed source of the Mesoproterozoic crust and 30–50% mantle components. Compared with the adjacent Dexing Cu-bearing porphyies, which have more positive ε_Hf(t) and ε_Nd(t) values with more significant mantle components (55–70%), the Jurassic porphyries in the northwest Zhejiang Province probably lack metallogenic potential to form a giant porphyry copper deposit as Dexing.