西南印度洋深海热液硫化物区沉积物微生物群落结构和固氮基因多样性

A sediment sample was collected from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent field located at a depth of 2 951 m on the Southwest Indian Ridge. Phylogenetic analyses were performed on the prokaryotic community using polymerase chain reaction（PCR） amplification of the 16 S rRNA and nifH genes. Within the Archaea, the dominant clones were from marine benthic group E（MBGE） and marine group I（MGI） belonging to the phyla Euryarchaeota and Thaumarchaeota, respectively. More than half of the bacterial clones belonged to the Proteobacteria, and most fell within the Gammaproteobacteria. No epsilonproteobacterial sequence was observed. Additional phyla were detected including the Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes, Acidobacteria, Nitrospirae, Chloroflexi, Chlorobi, Chlamydiae, Verrucomicrobia, and candidate divisions OD1, OP11, WS3 and TM6, confirming their existence in hydrothermal vent environments. The detection of nifH gene suggests that biological nitrogen fixation may occur in the hydrothermal vent field of the Southwest Indian Ridge. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that only Clusters I and III NifH were present. This is consistent with the phylogenetic analysis of the microbial 16 S rRNA genes, indicating that Bacteria play the main role in nitrogen fixation in this hydrothermal vent environment.     

灵山岛浅海岩礁区底栖生物的群落特点

浅海岩礁环境系高生产力区,在中、高纬度海域中,由大型海藻和大叶藻(Zosteramarina)所构成的初级生产力常为浮游植物初级生产力的数倍(Miller et al.,1971)。同时,此种环境又是以大型藻类或有机碎屑为食物的珍贵海产品鲍鱼(Haliotis)、刺参(Stichopus)、海胆(Strongylocentrotus)等的栖息场所和采捕作业区;还是一些优质鱼类星鳗( Astroconger myriaster)、鲈(Lateolobrax japonicus)等的藏匿场所和游钓渔业的渔场;重要经济藻类石花菜(Gelidium)等也在此环境中定着、生长。所以,浅海岩礁的资源开发前景很好。为了促进上述珍贵海产品的增、养殖生产和发展游钓渔业,有必要对浅海岩礁底栖生物群落的结构、功能进行系统研究,以便为岩礁区的资源开发和海岸带环境保护提供科学依据。为此,中科院海洋研究所在1987年初步调查的基础上,1992年以灵山岛为点,对水下岩礁环境和生物群落进行了系统的调查。本文主要分析浅海岩礁底栖生物的群落特点。     

假晴东方鲀人工育苗研究

假晴东方鲀人工育苗获得４１．８ｍｍ种苗３５１０００尾，每立方水体出 苗８６０尾。越冬成活率９１．６％，增重率６１．８％。利用室内水泥池及养虾土池 养成商品鱼，分别获得１９６９ ｇ／ｍ３和 ２０８ ｋｇ／亩的收成。     

江苏海岸中部近岸冬季潮汐和潮流特征

南黄海西侧的江苏海岸近岸区域,素以地形复杂、潮流强劲、悬沙输运剧烈著称,但是较长期的同步潮位和潮流观测数据仍然缺乏,尤其是在近岸(20 km)浅水(20 m)区域。2014年1月在大丰港附近开展了连续潮位和潮流观测,获得的数据揭示了一系列特征。此地潮汐潮流为正规半日潮,浅水分潮显著。平均潮差为3.05 m,最显著的两个分潮为M2和S2分潮,振幅分别为1.45 m和0.52 m。潮流最显著的半日分潮M2分潮和最显著的浅水分潮M4分潮在沿岸方向上振幅分别为0.84m/s和0.12m/s,在跨岸方向上振幅分别为0.24 m/s和0.01 m/s,沿岸方向占绝对优势。潮波的沿岸传播介于前进波和驻波之间,驻波的特征稍强。M2分潮潮流椭圆最大流(长轴)方向为南偏东7.4°。存在冬季沿岸向北的余流,垂向平均值的大小为2.2 cm/s。以上潮汐潮流特征为该区域海洋物质输运研究提供了基础资料。     

副热带高压活动与日月运行的关系

依据公开发表的资料，系统地研究了副热带高压活动与日月运行的关系，证实了各类副高活动均与日月运行的某些周期活动有关，主要表现形式为周期性泊松联系和与天文奇异蹼同步效应两种，并且指出，副高活动类型不同，则所对应的联系对象和联系方式也不同。     

Terrestrial and Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Mapping in Fire Island National Seashore Using High Spatial Resolution Remote Sensing Data

The vegetation communities and spatial patterns on the Fire Island National Seashore are dynamic as the result of interactions with driving forces such as sand deposition, storm-driven over wash, salt spray, surface water, as well as with human disturbances. We used high spatial resolution QuickBird-2 satellite remote sensing data to map both terrestrial and submerged aquatic vegetation communities of the National Seashore. We adopted a stratified classification and unsupervised classification approach for mapping terrestrial vegetation types. Our classification scheme included detailed terrestrial vegetation types identified by previous vegetation mapping efforts of the National Park Service and three generalized categories of high-density seagrass, low-density seagrass coverages, and unvegetated bottom to map the submerged aquatic vegetation habitats. We used underwater videography, GPS-guided field reference photography, and bathymetric data to support remote sensing image classification and information extraction. This study achieved approximately 82% and 75% overall classification accuracy for the terrestrial and submnerged aquatic vegetations, respectively, and provided an updated vegetation inventory and change analysis for the Northeast Coastal and Barrier Network of the National Park Service.     

西太平洋暖池区热带波动的天气效应

为了探讨西太平洋暧地区热带波动的天气效应，利用1980年2－9月140°E日本静止卫星纬度时间剖面卫星云图，分析了5d和14d左右周期热带波动云的演变特征，井综合分析了14d周期的云系演变型式与流场的关系，为预报热带中期天气变化规律提供了依据；热带波动中30－60d大气低频振荡的云量变化最显著，北半球夏半年热带波动的天气压主要在10°N－0°，各半年在10°N－10°S，超过这个区域热带云量的港分布型式就有明显的变化。     

软岩边坡变形破坏规律及其对城市设施的影响

以抚顺西露天矿大规模倾倒滑移变形体变形规律研究为例,受软弱夹层控制的软岩边坡变形破坏规律及其变形破坏对城市工业设施的影响。     

黑龙江省鸡西盆地南、北两带城子河组精细对比

鸡西盆地被平麻断裂分割成南、北两个条带,多数研究者将南带1煤之下的海相层叠伏于北带海相层或底砾岩之下,称为“城子河组下段”或“石河北组”。利用事件地层学的原理,分析盆地内城子河组早期盆地裂陷、海侵、火山喷发、聚煤等重大事件在地层精细对比方面的意义,甄别出了盆地中重大事件的地层记录．以等时层为基础建立对比框架。通过大量钻井资料追溯对比,认为盆地中坳陷部位的渴湖海湾沉积是南北两带的沉积过渡类型,根据微体古生物研究,南北两带海相层中的沟鞭藻类化石面貌基本一致,南北带的海相层应是同一层位,初步实现了盆地内南、北两个条带城子河组的精细对比,为恢复盆地古地理环境奠定了可靠的基础。