楚科奇海与白令海表层沉积中的钙质和硅质微体化石研究

通过对北冰洋楚科奇海和令海41个表层沉积样品中的有孔虫、介形类等钙质微体化石和硅藻、放射虫、海绵骨针等硅质微体化石的定量分析，发现表层沉积中浮游有孔虫几乎缺失，这可能与该区表层生产力相对低、碳酸盐溶解作用较强有关，而底栖有孔虫和硅质微体化石的丰度分布则明显受表层沉积物类型、表层初级生物生产力和碳酸盐溶解作用所控制。其中，北冰洋楚科奇海陆架区有孔虫丰度和分异度低，含少量浅水介形类，放射虫在陆架浅水区缺失，但含有较多硅藻和海绵骨针等其它硅质微体化石，反映该区由于海冰、表层海水温度较冷而导致表歧初级生产力相对低。白令海陆坡区底栖有孔虫丰度比较科奇海高一个数量级，底栖有孔虫分异度也相对高，硅藻、放射虫、海绵骨针等硅质微体化石的丰度与钙质化石一样，其丰度比楚科奇海明显高，反映表层初级生产力相对高。根据白令海陆坡区底栖有孔虫和硅质微体化石丰度、底栖有孔虫胶结质壳比值的水深变化，推测该区碳酸盐溶跃层和补偿深度（CCD）相对浅，分别位于水深2000m和3800m处。     

东海颗粒有机碳的研究

于１９９４年春季（４月）和秋季（１０－１１月）对东海颗粒有机碳（ＰＯＣ），颗粒氮，ＡＴＰ（三磷酸腺苷）进行测定，通过ＡＴＰ定量区分ＰＯＣ中的生命与非生命部分，结果表明，春秋两季ＰＯＣ的平均值为４１７μｇ／Ｌ其中春季为２８０μｇ／Ｌ，生命部分占１０％；秋季为５４１μｇ／Ｌ，生命部分占４％，春季表层ＰＯＣ以东海陆架中部为高值区同周围递减，与ＡＴＰ的分布相似，而且颗粒有机物中的Ｃ：Ｎ比值较低（７．６３）     

磷酸盐对两种东海典型赤潮藻影响的围隔实验

采用了围隔生态实验方法,研究了围隔中营养盐含量及结构变化和磷酸盐对东海典型赤潮藻种(东海原甲藻和中肋骨条藻)生长的影响。结果表明,在高磷条件下,中肋骨条藻快速增殖,稳定期缩短,细胞数很快下降,而东海原甲藻由于氮源的限制生长期明显缩短。在磷限制条件下,中肋骨条藻细胞增殖受到明显抑制,生物量偏低,而东海原甲藻受到的影响较小。磷可能是东海原甲藻及中肋骨条藻生长的限制因子。氮磷比会影响浮游生物的生长,较高的氮磷比可能对东海原甲藻的生长有利,较低氮磷比则可能有利于中肋骨条藻生长。东海原甲藻能在营养盐浓度较低的生长环境中占有优势,相反,营养盐浓度较高的环境更适合中肋骨条藻的生长,中肋骨条藻具有更强的竞争能力。     

NotesBenthic foraminiferal distribution in surface sediments along continental slope of the southern Okinawa Trough: dependance on water masses and food supply

Benthic foraminiferal analysis of 29 samples in surface sediments from the southern Okinawa Trough is carried out. The results indicate that benthic foraminiferal abundance decreases rapidly with increasing water depth. Percentage frequencies of agglutinated foraminifera further confirm the modern shallow carbonate lysocline in the southern Okinawa Trough. From continental shelf edge to the bottom of Okinawa Trough, benthic foraminiferal fauna in the surface sediments can be divided into 5 assemblages: (1) Continental shelf break assemblage, dominated by Cibicides pseudoungerianus, corresponds to subsurface water mass of the Kuroshio Current; (2) upper continental slope assemblage, dominated by Cassidulina carinata , Globocassidulina subglobosa, corresponds to intermediate water mass of the Kuroshio Current; (3) intermediate continental slope assemblage, dominated by Uvigerina hispi-da, corresponds to the Okinawa Trough deep water mass above the carbonate lysocline; (4) lower continental slope- trough b     

Effect of oil pollution on gluthione and relative enzyme in oyster(Saccostrea cuculiata)

The oysters ( Saccostrea cuculiata ) were collected from four stations around Xiamen Island (Lundu Port, Xinglin Bay, Tong" an Bay, Huangcuo). The relation between the level of petroleum hydrocarbon in whole tissue and the contents of glutathione (GSH), the activity of selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in digestive gland and gill were investigated. The results showed: (1) The contents of petroleum hydrocarbon in oyster collected from four stations (Lundu Port, Xinglin Bay, Tong'an Bay, Huangcuo) were 380.68, 112.34, 27.31, 20.37μg/g wet weight, respectively; (2) the activity of Se-GPx and GST in digestive gland was lower than that in gill, and the content of GSH seemed reversibly; (3) among the four stations, both Se-GPx and GST activity of digestive gland and gill in Saccostrea cuculiata sampled from the four stations showed a good correlation with whole tissue petroleum hydrocarbon, could be as biomarkers of sea oil pollution.     

渤海中南部春秋季浮游动物群落结构

1950年以前有关报道渤海浮游动物的文献很少。1958~1959年的全国海洋普查取得了大量的浮游动物资料(中华人民共和国科学技术委员会海洋组海洋综合调查办公室编，1964)。1982~1984年，在一年多的时间里，先后进行了每月一次的浮游动物调查(白雪娥等，1991)。1984年8月，11月和1985年2月，5月，有4个季度的浮游动物调查(孟凡等，1993)。除此之外，一些专家就渤海部分海区的浮游动物进行了研究(肖贻昌，1988；钟贻诚等，1984)。作为“渤海生态系统动力学和生物资源持续利用”研究的一部分，本文报道1998年秋季和1999年春季渤海浮游动物群落的调查结果，为渤海生态系统研究积累资料。     

Identifying surface water evaporation loss of inland river basin based on evaporation enrichment model

Accurately quantifying the evaporation loss of surface water is essential for regional water resources management, especially in arid and semi-arid areas where water resources are already scarce. The long-term monitoring of stable isotopes (δ¹⁸O and δ²H) in water can provide a sensitive indicator of water loss by evaporation. In this study, we obtained surface water samples of Shiyang River Basin from April to October between 2017 and 2019. The spatial and temporal characteristics of stable isotopes in surface water show the trend of enrichment in summer, depletion in spring, enrichment in deserts and depletion in mountains. The Local Evaporation Line (LEL) obtained by the regression of δ²H and δ¹⁸O in surface water has been defined by the lines: δ²H = 7.61δ¹⁸O + 14.58 for mountainous area, δ²H = 4.19δ¹⁸O − 17.85 for oasis area, δ²H = 4.08δ¹⁸O − 18.92 for desert area. The slope of LEL shows a gradual decrease from mountain to desert, indicating that the evaporation of surface water is gradually increasing. The evaporation loss of stable isotopes in surface water is 24.82% for mountainous area, 32.19% for oasis area, and 70.98% for desert area, respectively. Temperature and air humidity are the main meteorological factors affecting the evaporation loss, and the construction of reservoirs and farmland irrigation are the main man-made factors affecting the evaporation loss.     

兰州冰雹特征的统计分析

统计表明,兰州冰雹是小概率事件,年降雹次数有减少趋势,季节变化为6、9月双峰型,主要降雹时间集中在午后.雹云入侵路径有准定常性,可分为北、中、西、南4路,雹云移动路径是连续的,但冰雹落区不连续.境内永登西北部是冰雹高发区,红古西部、皋兰北部、榆中北部、市区、榆中南部山区等地是冰雹多发区.     

Correlation between Solar Flare Productivity and Photospheric Magnetic Field Properties II. Magnetic Gradient and Magnetic Shear

With 1353 vector magnetograms observed at Huairou Solar Observing Station (HSOS), a statistical analysis is made on the relationship among solar flares, magnetic gradient, and magnetic shear. The results suggest that flare productivity has positive correlations with the gradient and the shear, which can be well fitted by the Boltzmann sigmoidal function. In the vicinity of neutral lines, high gradient and strong shear are roughly coincident in time but barely in position. In addition, flare productivity is more sensitive to the length of neutral lines with strong gradient and shear (L _gs) than independently with strong gradient (L _g) or strong shear (L _s), which means that L _gs can be a better parameter for solar flare forecasting models. Finally, an algorithm to evaluate projection effects on the statistical results is proposed.     

Analysis of soil‐structural interface behavior using three‐dimensional DEM simulations

The shear behavior at the interface between the soil and a structure is investigated at the macroscale and particle‐scale levels using a 3‐dimensional discrete element method (DEM). The macroscopic mechanical properties and microscopic quantities affected by the normalized interface roughness and the loading parameters are analyzed. The macro‐response shows that the shear strength of the interface increases as the normalized roughness of the interface increases, and stress softening and dilatancy of the soil material are observed in the tests that feature rough interfaces. The particle‐scale analysis illustrates that a localized band characterized by intense shear deformation emerges from the contact plane and gradually expands as shearing progresses before stabilizing at the residual stress state. The thickness of the localized band is affected by the normalized roughness of the interface and the normal stress, which ranges between 4 and 5 times that of the median grain diameter. A thicker localized band is formed when the soil has a rough shearing interface. After the localized band appears, the granular material structuralizes into 2 regions: the interface zone and the upper zone. The mechanical behavior in the interface zone is representative of the interface according to the local average stress analysis. Certain microscopic quantities in the interface zone are analyzed, including the coordination number and the material fabric. Shear at the interface creates an anisotropic material fabric and leads to the rotation of the major principal stress.