Recurrence behaviors of segment-rupturing earthquakes on active faults of the Chinese mainland

IntroductionStrongorlargeearthquakesoccurredalongaspecificsegmentofanactivefaultarecalledsegment-rupturingearthquakes.Suchearthquakesoccurrepeatedlyatpreviouslocations.Thecurrentrecurrencemodelsforearthquakesrepeatedatpreviouslocationswereproposedonlimiteddatafromcharacteristicearthquakesonplateboundaries,mainlyincludingthetime-predictableandslippredictablemodels(Shimazaki,Nakata,1980),thequasi-periodicmodel(Bakun,McEvilly,1984;Savage,Cockerham,1986),andthetime-andmagnitude-predictablemodel…     

大洋锰结核氨浸渣作为陶瓷原料的实验研究

通过研究大洋锰结核经氨浸工艺提取Co,Ni,Cu等有价金属后的粉末状固体残渣（氨浸渣）对石英-长石-高岭土3组分陶瓷体系烧结行为及制品性能的影响发现：3组分体系中添加不超过10％的氨浸渣,在1140℃烧结90min,烧结体的抗折强度大于65．9MPa,吸水率小于0．128％．达到JC／T665-1997规定的要求。氨浸渣的助熔效果明显,添加5％～10％即可降低3组分陶瓷烧结温度40℃～80℃,添加量过多（超过10％）会增加熔体相含量．易引起坯体过烧,不利于坯体致密化和烧成工艺控制。添加氨浸渣,烧结体呈灰白色一黄褐色,且烧结体颜色随氨浸渣含量增加而变深。研究认为,氨浸渣可以作为石英-长石-高岭土3组分陶瓷的助熔剂和色料。     

城市地下变电站非线性地震反应分析

为研究城市地下变电站结构及其内部电气设备的动力特性及地震反应规律,以西安市快速轨道交通二号线张家堡地下变电站为工程背景,依据黏弹性人工边界理论及有限单元法,建立考虑土体-结构-设备动力相互作用的三维有限元计算模型,首先通过半空间自由场模型验证了地震动输入方法的有效性,继而开展地下变电站系统的模态分析和动力时程分析,得到了该类结构的动力特性及地震响应规律。研究结果表明,结构上覆土体及电气设备在地震作用下产生的惯性力是结构构件应力增长的主要原因,8度罕遇地震作用下地下变电站内电气设备的加速度放大系数明显超出规范要求,需要采取相应保护措施。     

结合轨迹数据的居民出行模式及功能识别研究

城市人群的出行特征通过车辆轨迹数据隐含的行为信息可以体现,但传统的单维度模型将不再适用于轨迹数据隐含的多维信息的挖掘.本文将海口市中心城区根据路网划分区域,使用能够挖掘多维信息的非负稀疏约束下张量分解基于"滴滴出行"轨迹数据,从时空维度挖掘居民出行规律并进行区域功能特征识别.结果表明:居民出行时间符合工作日,休息日的早...     

近50年国际海水淡化技术研究的发展状况——基于Web of Science数据库的文献计量分析(1971—2020年)

以Web of Science数据库核心合集内收录的1971—2020年海水淡化文献为数据源,借助CiteSpace对国际海水淡化研究领域的国家和研究机构、关键词、参考文献、期刊与基金等信息进行分析,提出国际海水淡化技术演进大致经历了三个阶段:起步阶段;以反渗透、多级闪蒸、超滤、微滤等研究为主的积累阶段;减压渗透、正渗透、纳米颗粒、石墨烯等海水淡化新材料新技术不断涌现的快速发展阶段。同时,从技术进步和政策支持两个方面提出了对国内相关研究的借鉴与启示。     

保幅Kirchhoff弯曲射线叠前时间偏移技术在天然气水合物三维地震资料处理中的应用

天然气水合物的富集往往与断裂、底辟及泥火山等构造有关,这就要求地震成像要精确,而针对水合物的地震处理又要以保真保幅为前提,因此快速高效而又有较高成像质量的的保幅Kirchhoff弯曲射线叠前时间偏移技术被广泛应用于三维水合物资料处理中。与直射线Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移技术相比,弯曲射线Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移同样具有快速高效的特点,同时成像精度在一定程度上可媲美叠前深度偏移。在实际资料的应用中可发现,基于保幅Kirchhoff弯曲射线叠前时间偏移技术处理的地震剖面可精确地刻画气体通道,有利于天然气水合物富集区的识别。     

GRAVITY VARIATION BEFORE AND AFTER THE MS5.4 EARTHQUAKE IN CANGWU IN 2016

Based on the mobile gravity observation data in 2014-2016 in Guangxi and its adjacent areas, this paper systematically analyzed the changes of regional gravity field and its relation to the M_S5.4 Cangwu, Guangxi earthquake on July 31, 2016, and combined with GPS observation data and seismic geological survey results, discussed the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the changes of regional gravity field and its mechanism. The results show that:(1) Before and after the M_S5.4 Cangwu earthquake, the gravity anomaly changes near the earthquake area were closely related to the major faults in space, which reflects the crustal deformation and tectonic activities that caused the surface gravity change along the seismogenic fault in the period of 2014-2016; (2) The gravity changes near the epicenter before and after the M_S5.4 Cangwu earthquake showed an evolution process in which the positive gravity anomaly zone changed to the negative gravity anomaly zone, a gravity gradient belt appeared along NNE direction and the earthquake occurred in its reverse change process; (3) The epicenter of the M_S5.4 Cangwu earthquake located both near the gravity gradient belt and in the zero transition zone of the surface strain gradient and the edge of the high maximum shear strain rate area, the observational fact further proved that the dynamic image of gravitational field and deformation field have important instruction significance to the location prediction of strong earthquakes; (4) in recent years, the gravity dynamic change in northwestern Guangxi presented a four-quadrant distribution pattern, and there is the risk of generating earthquake of magnitude about 5 in the center of the quadrants.     

ACTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SANWEISHAN FAULT IN THE NORTHERN MARGIN OF THE TIBETAN PLATEAU DURING LATE PLEISTOCENE

The Sanweishan fault is located in the northern margin of the Tibetan plateau. It is a branch of the Altyn Tagh fault zone which extends to the northwest. A detailed study on Late Quaternary activity characteristics of the Sanwei Shan Fault can help understanding the strain distribution of the Altyn Tagh fault zone and regional seismic activity and northward growth of the Tibetan plateau. Previous research on this fault is insufficient and its activity is a controversial issue. Based on satellite images interpretation, field investigations and geological mapping, this study attempts to characterize this feature, especially its activity during Late Quaternary. Trench excavation and sample dating permit to address this issue, including determination of paleoseismic events along this fault. The results show that the Sanweishan fault is a large-scale active structure. It starts from the Shuangta reservoir in the east, extending southward by Shigongkouzi, Lucaogou, and Shugouzi, terminates south of Xishuigou, with a length of 175km. The fault trends in NEE, dipping SE at angles 50°~70°. It is characterized by left-lateral strike-slip with a component of thrust and local normal faulting. According to the geometry, the fault can be divided into three segments, i.e. Shuangta-Shigongkouzi, Shigongkouzi-Shugouzi and Shugouzi-Xishuigou from east to west, looking like a left-or right-step pattern. Plenty of offset fault landforms appear along the Sanweishan Fault, including ridges, left-lateral strike-slip gullies, fault scarps, and fault grooves. The trench study at the middle and eastern segments of the fault shows its activity during Late Pleistocene, evidenced by displaced strata of this epoch. Identification marks of the paleoearthquakes and sample dating reveal one paleoearthquake that occurred at(40.3±5.2)~(42.1±3.9) ka.     

由初至P震相重新定位2017年九寨沟地震序列的主震与ML≥3.0余震并分析发震构造

综合利用区域台站和流动台站(近台)的记录,基于初至P震相重新测定了2017年九寨沟序列M_S7.0主震和M_L≥3.0余震的震源位置,并利用较高精度的定位结果分析余震分布与地震构造的关系,解释发震断裂带的结构.获得的新认识有:(1)九寨沟主震震源深度为16km,位于余震带中段的南缘;余震主要分布深度为4～17km.(2)沿余震带的走向,余震分布与主震同震位错大小的分布明显相关.余震带中段8～16km深度存在的余震稀疏区与同震位错的高值区相吻合,应是发震断裂带主凹凸体的部位,也是主震时应变释放较充分的部位;余震带南东段10～18km深度的余震密集区对应了同震位错的亏损区之一,三次M_L≥5.0余震都发生于此;余震带西北段在5～10km之下既缺少余震,又属同震位错的亏损区,可能与那里多条断裂的交汇或合并造成的构造复杂性有关;余震带中-北西段3～5km深度的也缺少余震,也对应了浅部的同震位错亏损区.(3)证实了九寨沟地震的发震构造为虎牙断裂带北段,同时新揭示出发震断裂带表现为由主断裂和分支断裂构成的、向上分叉的花状结构,尺度约为4.5km宽(最大)、35km长,主断裂朝SW陡倾.这些反映主震破裂可能不只受控于单一的断裂,而有可能是沿主断裂发生主破裂,而沿分支断裂发生次要破裂.另外,本文对发震断裂带结构的分段解释,是遵循构造地质学原理去综合震源排列、震源机制解、地表断层已知位置、相邻剖面断层解释结果等信息的分析结果,而不仅仅依据余震的密集分布进行推断.     

用稳定同位素方法估算大型浅水湖泊蒸发量——以太湖为例

湖泊蒸发量的准确估算对于水文学、气象学和湖泊学等研究有重要的意义.基于2013-2015年太湖水量收支资料、气象观测数据和稳定同位素观测资料,采用稳定同位素质量守恒模型、水量平衡法和Priestley-Taylor模型估算太湖蒸发量,分析太湖蒸发量的季节变化和年际变化特征,并以Priestley-Taylor模型结果为参考值,评价水量平衡法和同位素质量守恒方程的计算精度.结果表明:5-9月太湖蒸发量较高,冬季最低.2013-2015年太湖年总蒸发量分别为1069、894和935 mm,蒸发量的年际变化受到天气条件的影响.2013年12月2014年11月期间,用Priestley-Taylor模型计算的湖泊蒸发量为885 mm;同位素质量守恒模型的估算结果较一致,为893 mm;而水量平衡方程的估算结果明显偏高,为1247 mm.