OBJECTIVE CLASSIFICATION OF THE TRACKS OF TROPICAL STORMS IN THE BAY OF BENGAL

An objective analysis of tropical cyclone tracks is performed, with which the tracks of 131 tropical storms (TSs) in 1972-2011 are separated into three types that move west-, north- and northwestward, denoted as Types A, B and C, respectively. Type A (21 TSs and 16% of total) has the origin in the southwestern Bay of Bengal, with the TS in a unimodal distribution as its seasonal feature, occurring mainly in autumn; 18 of the 21 TSs (taking up 90%) land mostly on the western Bay coast (west of 85°E); 5% of Type-A TSs attains the wind speed of >42.7 to 48.9 m/s. Type A has little or no effect on Tibet. Type B (74 TSs, 56.6% of the total) has its preferable origin in the central Bay of Bengal, with the TS in a bimodal distribution as its seasonal pattern. This type denotes the travel in the north in spring, with the landfall of 67 of the 74 TSs (accounting for 91%) mainly on the middle coast of the Bay (85° to 95°E), and 19% of the TSs reaching the wind velocity of >42.7 to 48.9 m/s, which exert great effect on Tibet and it is this TS track that gives strong precipitation on its way through this region. Type C (36 TSs, 27.5% of the total) has its main origin in the southern part of the bay, and these TSs are formed largely in autumn, moving in the northwest direction, and 23 of the 36 TSs (64%) land mostly on the western Bay coast, lasting for a longer time, with almost no impact upon Tibet.     

THE LIMITATION OF CLOUD-BASE MASS FLUX IN CUMULUS PARAMETERIZATION AND ITS APPLICATION IN A HIGH-RESOLUTION MODEL

A large area of unrealized precipitation is produced with the standard convective parameterization scheme in a high-resolution model, while subgrid-scale convection that cannot be explicitly resolved is omitted without convective parameterization. A modified version of the convection scheme with limited mass flux at cloud base is introduced into a south-China regional high-resolution model to alleviate these problems. A strong convection case and a weak convection case are selected to analyze the influence of limited cloud-base mass flux on precipitation forecast. The sensitivity of different limitation on mass flux at cloud base is also discussed. It is found that using instability energy closure for Simplified Arakawa- Schubert Scheme will produce better precipitation forecast than the primary closure based on quasi-equilibrium assumption. The influence of the convection scheme is dependent on the upper limit of mass flux at cloud base. The total rain amount is not so sensitive to the limitation of mass flux in the strong convection case as in the weak one. From the comparison of two different methods for limiting the cloud-base mass flux, it is found that shutting down the cumulus parameterization scheme completely when the cloud-base mass flux exceeds a given limitation is more suitable for the forecast of precipitation.     

A DIAGNOSTIC ANALYSIS OF AIR TEMPERATURE ANOMALY MODE OVER CHINA IN 2009/2010 WINTER BASED ON GENERALIZED EQUILIBRIUM FEEDBACK ASSESSMENT (GEFA) METHOD

By using the observed monthly mean data over 160 stations of China and NCAR/NCEP reanalysis data, the generalized equilibrium feedback assessment(GEFA) method, combined with the methods of EOF analysis, correlation and composite analysis, is used to explore the influence of different SST modes on a wintertime air temperature pattern in which it is cold in the northeast and warm in the southwest in China. The results show that the 2009/2010 winter air temperature oscillation mode between the northern and southern part of China is closely related to the corresponding sea surface temperature anomalies(SSTA) and its associated atmospheric circulation anomalies. Exhibiting warming in Northeast China and cooling in Southwest China, the mode is significantly forced by the El Nio mode and the North Atlantic SSTA mode, which have three poles. Under the influence of SSTA modes, the surface northerly flow transported cold air to North and Northeast China, resulting in low temperatures in the regions. Meanwhile, the mid-latitude westerlies intensify and the polar cold air stays in high latitudes and cannot affect the Southwest China, resulting in the warming there.     

绿鳍马面鲀(Navodon septentrionalis)CYP19a基因克隆与表达特征分析

利用简并引物扩增及RACE全长克隆技术, 克隆得到绿鳍马面鲀(Navodon septentrionalis)CYP19a基因cDNA全长序列。通过多序列比对, 发现具有芳香化酶特定保守序列, 包括一个I-螺旋区, 一个Ozol肽区, 一个亚铁血红素结合区域以及一个芳香化酶特异性结合区域。通过RT-PCR技术检测了其在绿鳍马面鲀成鱼各组织表达的情况, 发现其CYP19a基因只在卵巢中有表达; 同时也分析了其在不同卵巢发育期的表达情况, 发现CYP19a在卵黄发生后期表达量达到最高值, 卵巢退化吸收期表达量达到最低值。     

深厚覆盖层上高土石坝极限抗震能力分析

针对强震区深厚覆盖层上高土石坝的特点,在三维真非线性有效应力地震反应分析基础上,提出了一套深厚覆盖层上高土石坝极限抗震能力的研究方法。从稳定、变形、防渗体安全等方面,对建在深厚覆盖层上的长河坝高心墙堆石坝的极限抗震能力进行了研究和分析。根据坝坡稳定性、地震残余变形、液化可能性、单元抗震安全性、防渗心墙及坝基防渗墙安全等多角度的评价结果,初步认为,长河坝的极限抗震能力为0.50～0.55g。     

基于PSO-PP的围岩稳定性评价

围岩的稳定性评价是一个复杂的不确定系统问题。结合投影寻踪方法、粒子群算法和逻辑斯谛曲线函数,建立了围岩稳定性评价的粒子群优化投影寻踪(projection pursuit based on particle swarm optimization,PSO-PP)模型。该模型一方面采用粒子群算法优化投影指标函数及逻辑斯谛曲线函数参数,确保了模型的准确性;另一方面利用逻辑斯谛曲线函数建立投影值与经验等级之间的非线性关系。模型的测试结果显示了良好的精度,实例分析结果与实际状态完全一致,表明该模型在围岩稳定性评价中的可行性和有效性。     

店房火山角砾岩体西段金矿地质特征与成因

在近期的矿山接替资源找矿过程中,对店房金矿以西的角砾岩体西段勘查新圈定5条金矿体。金矿体的形态与产状严格受断裂构造控制,直接产于火山机构的环状、放射状构造和蚀变破碎带之中,矿石分为石英脉型和构造蚀变岩型,围岩蚀变以硅化和黄(褐)铁矿化为主,成矿作用分为2期4个阶段;稳定同位素和流体包裹体研究表明,成矿流体主要为幔源,并具低盐度和多源特点,以岩浆热液为主,成矿温度为中、低温,主成矿期为燕山晚期,店房角砾岩体西段金矿床属与火山构造有关的中、低温热液矿床。     

辉南县金龙泉矿泉水勘查评价

金龙泉矿泉水为偏硅酸型矿泉水,矿泉水赋存在第四系全新统金龙顶子组玄武岩中,偏硅酸质量浓度37.22～44.33mg/L,达到饮用天然矿泉水国家标准。     

山东金青顶金矿床控矿构造特征及深部预测

金青顶金矿床位于山东牟平-乳山金矿带将军石-曲河庄断裂的南端,矿床围岩为昆嵛山花岗岩,属含金石英脉型金矿。本文通过矿床地质特征、围岩蚀变以及控矿构造特征等方面的研究,认为与成矿有关的构造活动至少划分为4期,基本控制着矿体的定位与分布。深部地球化学原生晕研究表明,矿体在垂向上具有明显的地球化学分带性,且在已知矿体下方出现近矿晕、前缘晕及尾晕特征指示元素构造叠加晕强度升高趋势。结合矿体在断裂中分布的规律以及原生晕特点,对金青顶矿床深部第二富集段进行了预测,推断在-1100m下有第二金富集段存在,且具有很大的经济价值。     

土壤铅含量高光谱遥感反演中波段选择方法研究

利用高光谱遥感数据进行了南京郊外土壤重金属元素铅的含量反演,由于高光谱数据波段众多,波段选择或变换至关重要。比较了基于次贪婪的前向选择模型的最小角度拟合和基于遗传算法进行波段选择的最小二乘和偏最小二乘拟合,结果发现基于遗传算法的偏最小二乘反演结果优于全波段的偏最小二乘,表明波段选择在高光谱反演重金属中是有益的。尽管采取了波段选择后的各方法在反演时均能达到70%以上的训练精度,但因遗传算法搜索的解空间范围更宽广,使得基于遗传算法的偏最小二乘优于前向选择模型的最小角度拟合。最后还比较了基于遗传算法的普通最小二乘和偏最小二乘拟合,结果表明偏最小二乘更优,因此在高光谱反演重金属含量当中,偏最小二乘精度较高,而在波段选择方法中,遗传算法更优。