北极航道开通对我国能源供求形势的影响

文章对我国能源供求现状进行概述,在此基础上根据《中国统计年鉴》中的数据,利用1990-2013年的能源需求总量时间序列构建ARIMA模型,进行相关拟合与检验,并运用此模型对2016-2018年的能源需求量进行预测,揭示我国面临的能源供求形势。结果表明,未来我国能源需求量将持续增长,在能源供给相对不足的情况下需依赖大量进口,而进口能源的稳定供应又受到各种威胁制约。在此背景下讨论北极航道开通为我国能源供应带来的机遇,以及对缓和我国能源供求形势产生的影响,进而提出相关政策建议。     

The Impact of Mid- and High-Latitude Rossby Wave Activities on the Medium-Range Evolution of the EAP Pattern During the Pre-Rainy Period of South China

Based on the NCEP DOE AMIP II daily reanalysis data (1979{2005), the evolution of the East Asia/Pacific(EAP) teleconnection pattern during the pre-rainy period of South China is studied on the medium-range time scale. It is found that positive and negative EAP patterns share a similar generation process. In the middle and upper troposphere, Rossby wave packets emanating from the northeast Atlantic or Europe propagate toward East Asia along the Eurasian continent waveguide and finally give rise to the three anomaly centers of the EAP pattern over East Asia. Among the three anomaly centers, the western Pacific subtropical center appears the latest. Rossby wave packets propagate from the high latitude anomaly center toward the mid-latitude and the subtropical ones. The enhancement and maintenance of the subtropical anomaly center is closely associated with the subtropical jet waveguide and the incoming Rossby wave packets from the upstream. In the lower troposphere, Rossby wave packets emanate from the subtropical Asia toward East Asia. Positive and negative EAP patterns could not be regarded as "mirrors" to each other with simply re- versed phase. For the positive pattern, the positive height anomaly center around the Scandinavia Peninsula keeps its strength and position during the mature period, and the Rossby wave packets thus propagate persistently toward East Asia, facilitating a longer mature time of the positive pattern. As for the formation of the negative EAP pattern, however, the incoming Rossby wave energy from the upstream contributes to both the enhancement and southeastward movement of the negative anomaly belt from the Yenisei River to the Bering Strait and the positive anomaly center around Mongolia. At the peak time, the two anomlous circulations are evolved into the Northeast Asia and the mid-latitude anomaly centers of the negative pattern, respectively. The energy dispersion of Rossby wave packets is relatively fast due to the predominant zonal circulation in the extratropics, causing a shorter mature period of the negative pattern. During the pre-rainy period of South China, the prevalence of the EAP pattern signiˉcantly affects the rainfall over the region south of the Yangtze River. The positive (negative) EAP pattern tends to causepositive (negative) precipitation anomalies in that region. This is di?erent from the earlier research findingsbased on monthly mean data.     

应用实时定量PCR技术检测秦皇岛近岸海域褐潮原因种——抑食金球藻(Aureococcus anophagefferens)

Aureococcus anophagefferens, a small pelagophyte algae, has caused brown tide blooms in coastal waters of Qinhuangdao in recent years, presenting significant negative impacts on the shellfish mariculture industry. Under standard light microscopy, it is visually indistinguishable from other small algae in field samples due to its extremely small size. In this study, quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR) based on 18 S r DNA sequences was developed and used to detect and enumerate A. anophagefferens. A linear regression(R2 = 0.91) was generated based on cycle thresholds value(Ct) versus known concentrations of A. anophagefferens. Twenty-two field samples collected in coastal waters of Qinhuangdao were subjected to DNA extraction and then analyzed using q PCR. Results showed that A. anophagefferens had a wide distribution in coastal waters along Qinhuangdao. Elevated A. anophagefferens abundance, category 3 brown tide blooms(200 000 cells/m L) occurred at Dongshan Beach and Tiger-stone Beach in August in 2013. In shellfish mariculture areas along coastal waters of Qinhuangdao, 4 stations had category 3 blooms, and 6 stations had category 2 blooms(35 000–200 000 cells/m L) in August and all stations had category 1 blooms(0 to ≤35 000 cells/m L) in October. Quantitative PCR allows for detection of A. anophagefferens cells at low levels in filed samples, which is essential to effective management and prediction of brown tide blooms.     

Separation and relationship of ten marine scuticociliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) using RAPD fingerprinting method

On the basis of the random amplified polymorphic DNA-fingerprinting (RAPD) method, 10 morphospecies of scuticociliates from 7 genera, including 15 clones of 13 strains, Uronema marinum, Uronema cf marinum, Parauronema virginianum, P. longum, Metanophrys similis, M. sinensis, Paralembus digitiformis, Mesanophrys carcini, Paranophrys magna and Cohnilernbus verrninus were analysed using 8 oligonucleotide primers. The genetic similarity among the clones of the same strain measured by a band-sharing index is 0.97～0.98,while 0.40-4).52 among strains. This value measured is 0.39～0.46 among congeners of the same genus, whereas 0.16～0.47 between different genera. A distance tree was constructed based on 8-primer analysis, in which the scuticociliates investigated were separated into two clusters: one consists of 2 genera, Uronema and Parauronema, and the other was composed of five, Metanophrys, Mestmophrys,Paranophrys, Paralembus and Cohnilembus. It is demonstrated also that the morphospecies Parauronema virginianurn may be a species-complex, i. e., it contains different genospecies.     

Geobiological interpretation of the oxygen-deficient deposits of the Middle Permian marine source rocks in South China:A working hypothesis

To decipher the origin of oxygen-deficient shelfal deposits is significant for tracing the distribution of marine source rocks and interpreting the evolution of depositional environment. The origin of the Middle Permian Chihsia Formation in South China remains a puzzle for long with its evident oxygen-deficient features but diverse benthos. This paper shows a typical Chihsian depositional rhythm composed of the massive and the laminated limestones with ecological and geochemical features. Massive bioclastic limestone from the rhythm was aerobic in paleoxygenation condition indicated by both the ecological and geochemical features. However, a contradictory oxygenation was inferred for the “laminated” counterpart from the rhythm, with the ecological signal being aerobic and the geochemical one being anoxic. The difference in ecological and geochemical indications was interpreted as the instability of paleoxygenation condition in shelf environments, caused by an enhanced paleoproductivity. Rhythmic occurrence of the oxygen-deficient condition might have been stemmed from paleo-Tethyan paleocurrents flowing across South China. __________ Translated from Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences, 2007, 32(6): 789–796 [译自: 地球科学—中国地质大学学报]     

公路路面热效应对环境气温的影响分析

为定量研究公路对气温观测的影响,本文使用2014年1—5月在陕西省开展的两组公路观测试验的逐分钟温度、风向、风速等气象资料,对比分析了合阳县国道和渭蒲高速公路在不同季节、不同天空状况以及不同背景风速条件下对周围环境气温观测的影响程度和影响距离。试验结果表明:公路对周围的环境温度有一定的增温影响,合阳国道对环境温度的增温影响至75m,增温效应达0.25~0.4℃。高速公路的增温影响至125m,增温效应达0.2~0.4℃。冬季,两条公路白天增温效应较夜间明显,春季,高速公路夜间增温更明显。晴天、多云天气比阴天、降雨天气增温程度大。公路对气温的增温影响存在风速阈值,当风速小于对应阈值时,增温效应明显。公路上来往车流量对气温有一定的叠加增温影响,合阳国道白天车流量150~350辆,叠加增温效应0.05~0.1℃,蒲渭高速白天车流量2000~3500辆,叠加增温效应0.16℃。     

湘江竹埠港段河床沉积物元素地球化学特征

湘江是我国重金属污染最严重的河流之一。本次工作利用X射线荧光(XRF)和电感耦合等离子质谱(ICP-MS)分析技术,对湘江竹埠港沉积物进行主量和微量元素分析。结果表明沉积物主量元素含量变化相对稳定,富集MnO、P2O5、Fe2O3、Al2O3,亏损CaO、Na2O。微量元素含量变化较大,亏损Ba、Sc、Mn、Sr而富集其他微量元素。对主量元素和稀土元素进行了分析,表明沉积物物源主要是由上游花岗岩风化所提供。对沉积物进行因子分析和相关性分析,表明沉积物源主要以陆源碎屑为主,并有磷灰石和软锰矿等自生副矿物,Ni、Pb、Cu可能来自人为污染源。地累积指数表明Ba为清洁无污染,重金属V、Cr、Co、Ni、Th、U为轻度污染,重金属Cu、Pb、Zn为偏中度污染,Mn为中度污染,Sc为偏重度污染。其中重金属Cr、Ni、Cu、Pb、Zn、Mn、Sc污染应引起关注。     

辽西新台门白垩纪火山岩~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar定年及其对蝾螈化石层时代的约束

富含热河生物群鸟类和恐龙化石的辽西白垩纪地层属于中生代陆相火山沉积,其不同区域之间的地层对比和时代归属一直存有较大争议。本文采用激光40Ar/39Ar年代学方法,对葫芦岛新台门地区一个实测剖面中蝾螈化石点下伏的两层火山岩夹层进行了年代学研究。通过地层中火山岩夹层及火山岩颈的年代学测定,获得6组激光40Ar/39Ar年代结果。其中,下部层位中的流纹岩和安山质玄武岩样品XTM-3、XTM-5年龄结果分别为94.2±1.3Ma、93.7±1.3Ma;作为这一期喷发晚期就位的火山岩颈样品XTM-7的年龄结果为92.8±0.4Ma;而上部层位的安山岩和安山玄武岩火山岩夹层样品XTM-6、XTM-8、XTM-9年龄分别为110.1±1.0Ma、110.9±0.5Ma、93.7±1.2Ma。随后我们又从XTM-9位置的化石点下部采集样品XTM-9-2,进行实验验证。得到的结果表明,新台门地区早白垩世地层记录了至少两期火山喷发事件,喷发时间分别为110Ma和93Ma。根据测年结果,新台门白垩系的蝾螈化石层应代表中国北方中生代地层中迄今所发现的有尾两栖类化石纪录的最高层位,可能与辽西地区的九佛堂组或甚至与阜新组相当。     

泡沫塑料吸附分离富集-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定稀土矿石中的镓

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定稀土矿石中的镓,高含量的稀土元素会造成严重的质谱干扰。本文采用聚氨酯泡沫塑料在6 mol/L盐酸介质中吸附样品溶液中的镓后,以0.5 mol/L氯化铵水浴加热解脱30 min,镓的吸附-解脱效率超过99%,稀土元素等干扰物质基本不进入解脱液中,即在富集镓的同时实现了镓与基体元素的高效分离,降低了质谱干扰。本方法检出限低(0.022μg/g),经土壤及水系沉积物标准物质验证,镓的测定值与标准值吻合(绝对偏差为0.38%~4.70%),实际稀土矿石样品的加标回收率为94.1%~100.6%,精密度(RSD)低于4%(n=12),可应用于分析一般地质样品以及稀土矿石中的镓。