大兴安岭火山喷发带北段中性、中酸性火山岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

通过对大兴安岭北段晚侏罗世吉祥峰组中酸性火山岩的岩石地球化学研究,发现其中存在高Sr低Y型火山岩,即文献上所称的埃达克质岩,笔者认为中酸性火山岩的岩浆起源于下地壳玄武质岩浆,为玄武质岩浆底辟上侵引起地热梯度增加、下地壳中-基性变质火成岩石部分熔融的之混合岩浆,是古太平洋板块向西伯利亚板块斜向俯冲过程中,蒙古-鄂霍次克海槽封闭,陆壳碰撞使地壳加厚,形成兴蒙造山带时所引起的一系列构造岩浆活动。其形成时的构造环境应是在滨太平洋构造域背景下受古亚洲构造域的影响和限制,并非是滨太平洋构造活动带的单一活动所致。早白垩世上库力组酸性火山岩属陆壳重熔型(S型)火山岩,其形成可能与印度-澳大利亚板块朝北偏东方向推挤运移、中国东部岩石圈拉张引起的下地壳拆沉作用有关。      

膏盐岩脆塑性变形特征及封闭能力定量评价

膏盐岩盖层作为全球许多含油气盆地最重要的盖层之一,本身物性封闭能力毋庸置疑,野外观察和三轴试验证实随埋深的增加膏盐岩存在脆塑性转化的过程。为了明确其在不同脆塑性域的变形特征和封闭能力定量评价方法,本文以野外露头观测、三轴压缩试验和镜下观察为基础,从变形机制、破裂模式、力学行为和声发射等方面系统总结了不同脆塑性阶段膏盐岩的变形特征。应用莫尔—库伦准则、拜尔利摩擦定律和应力降规律厘定了膏盐岩脆塑性转化的围压和深度。研究结果表明:1针对脆性膏盐岩盖层,首先应用保持力定量评价水力破裂风险性,保持力越小,盖层发生水力破裂的风险就越大。同时利用断接厚度定量表征脆性盖层内断层垂向封闭性;2应用SSF定量评价脆—塑性膏盐岩盖层中涂抹型断裂的垂向封闭性,野外断层解剖确定出膏岩涂抹连续的临界SSF值为3.5~4;3塑性膏盐岩盖层具有流动特征,伴随断层逆冲滑动,膏盐岩沿断面流动,此阶段断层垂向是封闭的,但在差异压实作用下,盐岩流动形成缺失区——"盐窗"可以为油气沿断层向上运移提供通道。因此,膏盐岩盖层封闭性分析要综合考虑盖层脆塑性、不同脆塑性盖层内断裂变形机制及断裂带内部结构,从而完善盖层垂向封闭性评价体系。     

非线性支持向量机在油气预测中的应用

油气预测的传统方法通常是基于经验风险最小化准则,但在有限样本情况下,预测效果并不理想.研究引入基于结构化风险最小化准则的非线性支持向量机方法,通过对推广误差界的最小化达到最大的泛化能力和全局最优,时于小样本数据,该方法具有可靠的预测能力.在对四川观音场构造面新统上部碳酸盐岩储层数据处理中.通过实例试算,结果表明该方法有效可靠,预测精度高,与已知结果吻合较好.     

江西相山铀矿田中断裂与水相变耦合成矿——以邹家山矿床铀成矿作用分析为例

在已知成矿带和矿床中,随着找矿和开采的进行,已有的和新发现的资料积累越来越多.一个好的成矿理论,可以给这些资料较为统一的、合理的解释,还可能为老矿区(带)的深部和外围找矿指出一些新思路和新标志.据热液矿床水相变控矿理论,水相变可导致水的物理化学性质突变,使成矿物质被释放而成矿,在热液成矿作用中断裂降压引发水相变,是热液...     

聂荣微陆块花岗片麻岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年——新元古代基底岩石的发现及其意义

聂荣微陆块呈透镜体状夹持在班公湖-怒江板块缝合带内,其上出露有黑云母花岗片麻岩以及二长花岗片麻岩等不同类型的古老片麻岩,本文报道产出于聂荣微陆块上花岗片麻岩的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果,样品锆石的岩浆震荡环带十分发育,多数锆石具有典型的岩浆结晶锆石的特征。所有测点中有16个测点的Th/U值较高,介于0.58~1.24之间,平均值为0.79,获得的²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄基本一致,加权平均值为819.6±5.2Ma,笔者等认为该年龄代表了花岗片麻岩的原岩结晶时代为新元古代。我们在羌塘南部地区的碎屑岩中获得了同样的年龄峰值(809Ma)。此外,我们认为年龄中具有507Ma左右的信息反映了泛非事件之后另外一次强烈构造热事件的影响在该区的存在。     

Structure,Timing, and Mechanism of the Pliocene and Late Miocene Uplift Process of the Ailao Shan-Diancang Shan,SE Tibet,China

The uplift of the Ailao Shan-Diancang Shan(ASDS) along the Ailao Shan-Red River(ASRR) shear zone is an important geological event in the southeastern margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau tectonic domain in the Late Cenozoic,and it preserves important information on the structures,exhumational history and tectonic evolution of the ASRR shear zone.The uplift structural mode and uplift timing of the ASDS is currently an important scientific topic for understanding the ASDS formation and late stage movements and evolution of the ASRR shear zone.The formation of the ASDS has been widely considered to be the consequence of the strike-slip movements of the ASRR shear zone.However,the shaping of geomorphic units is generally direct results of the latest tectonic activities.In this study,we investigated the timing and uplift structural mechanism of the ASDS and provided the following lines of supportive evidence.Firstly,the primary tectonic foliation of the ASDS shows significant characteristic variations,with steeply dipping tectonic foliation developed on the east side of the ASDS and the relatively horizontal foliation on the west side.Secondly,from northeast to southwest direction,the deformation and metamorphism gradually weakened and this zone can be further divided into three different metamorphic degree belts.Thirdly,the contact relationship between the ASDS and the Chuxiong basin-Erhai lake is a normal fault contact which can be found on the east side of the ASDS.40Ar/39 Argeochronology suggests that the Diancang Shan had experienced a fast cooling event during 3–4 Ma.The apatite fission track testing method gives the age of 6.6–10.7 Ma in the Diancang Shan and 4.6–8.4 Ma in the Ailao Shan,respectively.Therefore the uplift of the ASDS can be explained by tilted block mode in which the east side was uplifted much higher than the west side,and it is not main reason of the shearing movements of the ASRR shear zone.The most recent uplift stages of the ASDS happened in the Pliocene(3–4 Ma) and Late Miocene(6–10 Ma).     

Petrology of ultrahigh-pressure eclogites from the ZK703 drillhole in the Donghai, eastern China

The 558-m-deep ZK703 drillhole located near Donghai in the southern part of the Sulu ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic belt, eastern China, penetrates alternating layers of eclogites, gneisses, jadeite quartzites, garnet peridotites, phengite–quartz schists, and kyanite quartzites. The preservation of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic minerals and their relics, together with the contact relationship and protolith types of the various rocks indicates that these are metamorphic supracrustal rocks and mafic-ultramafic rock assemblages that have experienced in-situ ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism. The eclogites can be divided into five types based on accessory minerals: rutile eclogite, phengite eclogite, kyanite–phengite eclogite, quartz eclogite, and common eclogite with rare minor minerals. Rutile eclogite forms a thick layer in the drillhole that contains sufficient rutile for potential mining. Two retrograde assemblages are observed in the eclogites: the first stage is characterized by the formation of sodic plagioclase+amphibole symplectite or symplectitic coronas after omphacite and garnet, plagioclase+biotite after garnet or phengite, and plagioclase coronas after kyanite; the second stage involved total replacement of omphacite and garnet by amphibole+albite+epidote+quartz. Peak metamorphic P–T conditions of the eclogites were around 32 to 40 kbar and 720°C to 880°C. The retrograde P–T path of the eclogites is characterized by rapidly decreasing pressure with slightly decreasing temperature. Micro-textures and compositional variations in symplectitic minerals suggest that the decompression breakdown of ultrahigh-pressure minerals is a domainal equilibrium reaction or disequilibrium reaction. The composition of the original minerals and the diffusion rate of elements involved in these reactions controlled the symplectitic mineral compositions.     

基于流动单元的辫状河储层沉积微相研究——以王官屯油田官142断块侏罗系储层为例

针对王官屯油田官142断块侏罗系厚储层的特点,以取芯井岩芯分析资料为基础,应用因子分析的方法,将厚约50 m的砂砾岩层划分为13个流动单元,分为A、B、C、D四类.在流动单元划分的基础上,根据各类沉积相标志,将目的层确定为辫状河沉积相,大面积分布的辫状水道、心滩为该区储层沉积的主体.为了进一步精细划分沉积微相,应用各类岩性与泥质体积分数、声波时差、电阻率的交汇图,建立了各类沉积微相-岩石相的岩性、物性、电性划分标准,实现了沉积微相的精细划分.其与流动单元的空间配置关系决定了剩余油分布的差异性.这种基于流动单元划分沉积微相的方法是依据储层渗流性质的差异将储层划分成符合其渗流规律的层系,便于同油田开发的生产层系相结合,从而满足层系开发调整的需要.     

吉林省和龙市和安河金矿床地质特征及找矿方向

和安河金矿床是我队在吉林省东部金矿化集中区发现的金矿之一。通过地表工程的深部稀疏钻孔控制,确定为一小型金矿床。普查结果表明,矿化系统有一定延深。本文分析了金矿床地质特征及矿床成因,认为构造、岩浆活动在成矿过程中起着重要作用。和安河金矿勘查对在吉林省东部寻找金矿具有着指导意义,明确了本区找矿方向。     

内蒙古中部构造混杂带晚古生代-早中生代变质基性岩的地球化学特征及其大地构造意义

内蒙古中部构造混杂带中的变质基性岩可分为南、北两带:南带位于乌兰沟-图林凯地区,被划分至温都尔庙群下部的桑达来因组,主要为一套变质玄武岩和辉长岩、辉绿岩,局部含有超基性岩和碳酸岩透镜体,其中变质基性火山岩以绿片岩相变质为主,局部保留枕状构造或发育蓝片岩,已有的锆石U-Pb年代学数据表明南带变质基性火山岩形成于晚古生代到早中生代;北带位于芒和特-二道井-红格尔一线,主要呈岩块状保存在由绢云绿泥石英片岩、硅质岩、含铁石英岩和少量的大理岩组成的基质中,岩石类型包括蓝片岩、冻蓝闪石片岩、阳起片岩、绿帘角闪片岩等。地球化学研究显示南、北两带的变质基性岩相对低Al(Al2O3=10.66%~14.97%)、低Ti(TiO2=1.27%~1.96%)、高Na(Na2O=1.02%~4.20%)、贫K(K2O=0.02%~0.71%),具有拉斑玄武岩到碱性玄武岩系列的过渡特征,高的Na2O/K2O比值(6.89~454)暗示这些基性岩在变质作用前发生了细碧角斑岩化。不活动元素Zr与其他高场强元素(HSFE;Th、Nb、Hf、Ti)和稀土元素(REE)显示良好的线性关系,表明在变质过程中,高场强元素和稀土元素基本保持稳定,可以反映原岩的性质。根据稀土、微量元素配分型式和相关比值可以将内蒙中部构造混杂带中的变质基性岩分为两类:一类稀土含量相对较低(∑REE=46.00×10-6~78.08×10-6)、轻重稀土分异不明显((La/Yb)N=0.50~1.04),无明显Eu负异常,Hf/Ta=6.82~15.18,具有正常的大洋中脊玄武岩(NMORB)特征;另一类稀土含量相对较高(∑REE=58.66×10-6~151.3×10-6)、轻重稀土分异明显((La/Yb)N=2.28~4.68),无明显Eu负异常,Hf/Ta=2.06~4.70,与富集型洋中脊玄武岩(E-MORB)相似。部分变质基性岩样品轻微富集大离子亲石元素Rb和Ba,可能暗示原岩在就位过程中遭受了微弱的陆壳混染。以上地球化学特征表明这些变质基性岩的原岩可能形成于一个扩张规模有限的陆内洋盆环境。已有的古生物地理学研究表明古亚洲洋闭合后,到晚古生代早期,内蒙古中部地区成为佳-蒙地块的一部分。石炭纪期间整个内蒙古中部发育稳定的浅海相沉积,局部为造山后隆起环境,发育加里东I型花岗岩和花岗闪长岩。从晚石炭世-早二叠世起,内蒙中部开始处于伸展环境:二连浩特到东乌珠穆沁旗一带发育大量的碱性岩;华北克拉通北缘发育很多高钾钙碱性-碱性的花岗岩;内蒙中部地区广泛发育二叠纪大石寨组双峰式火山岩。到中二叠世开始裂解形成若干近东西向分布的海盆,发育哲斯组、林西组浅海相、泻湖相沉积。持续的伸展形成了有限洋盆,发育以温都尔庙群为代表的含铁硅质岩以及晚古生代-早中生代基性岩。由于早中三叠世华北板块与扬子板块全面碰撞和陆内造山过程的影响,有限洋盆最终在早中生代之后发生被动闭合,形成南、北构造混杂带,并导致该基性岩乃至整个内蒙中部的晚古生代沉积发生广泛绿片岩相变质作用,而局部蓝片岩的形成可能与有限洋盆的俯冲作用有关。