GPS水准的有限元法与多面函数法的加权综合模型

应用有限元法与多面函数法的加权综合模型改进拟合模型在逼近高程异常曲面时的拟合效果。由大地高求出准确的正常高，通常应用有限元法或多面函数法等单一拟合模型来拟合高程异常曲面。GPS水准的单一模型在逼近高程异常曲面时其拟合效果往往不稳定。通过对实测数据的计算分析可发现：有限元法与多面函数法的加权综合模型的逼近结果比单一模型的逼近结果有了一定的提高。由此可见综合模型对于局部地区解决GPS高程转化为正常高是有使用价值的。     

浅析翡翠的岩石类型对其比重、折射率的影响

翡翠的矿物组成、岩石类型不同，将会对翡翠的比重、折射率产生直接的影响。从翡翠的岩石学、矿物学角度出发，讨论了翡翠的岩石类型，依据组成翡翠的主要矿物的比重和折射率值，建立了翡翠矿物组成成分及含量与其比重、折射率关系图解，确定了各种翡翠的比重、折射率变化范围分别为：2．93～3．60和1．593～1．750；优质翡翠的比重、折射率分别为：3．178-3．240和1．644～1．657．为翡翠的质量评估提供了客观依据。     

山东省昌乐县新生代火山口新发现及旅游地质意义

昌乐蓝宝石闻名遐尔，但蕴藏蓝宝石的火山岩及火山群却少有人知。昌乐县境内几十个由新近纪临胸群牛山组尧山组玄武岩构成的山包，大都是古火山口(颈)。近期，在北岩镇南开出的古火山口(颈)，其玄武岩柱状节理的扇状展布和罕见的两次熔岩喷发交切遗迹，比以往已开发的乔官镇团山子古火山口更为奇特和壮观。火山地貌景观区历来是人们向往的旅游胜地，对昌乐古火山群旅游资源，应加大开发和保护力度，使其尽快成为人们观赏地质奇观、增长科学知识的基地。发展地质旅游将促进当地经济的腾飞。     

山东省泰安市大汶口盆地石膏矿资源潜力评价矿产品需求预测及开发建议

汶口盆地石膏、岩盐资源量巨大,已探明石膏资源量约为1.5×10~8t,推断矿产量约450×10~8t。随着国民经济的高速发展,石膏矿产品的消费量会有大幅度增加。预测2010年山东省对探明的石膏矿产需求量约为2.5×10~8t,而截止2000年山东省可采储量约为1.5×10~8t,两者相差10~8t,其勘查工作亟待加强。     

基于Pfafstetter规则的流域编码算法并行化方法

流域编码是以子流域划分进行流域相关研究的重要内容。Pfafstetter 流域编码以编码唯一、顾及流域拓扑关系及编码效率高等优点而被广泛采用。本文在流域相关研究的分析范围不断增大、数据精度越来越高的需求背景下,以Pfafstetter 编码为基础,对流域编码并行化方法进行研究。首先,分析了Pfafstetter 编码不全面和码位不一致的问题,改进了Pfafstetter 编码规则;然后,从数据并行的角度,讨论了并行计算环境下的数据划分及并行化策略,进而设计了流域编码并行算法;最后,利用长江中上游流域SRTM数据,在集群系统上对流域编码并行算法的正确性和并行性能进行了测试。实验结果表明,本文设计实现的流域编码并行算法可获取与实际较为一致的计算结果,且提高了编码计算效率,可为基于子流域划分的流域分析并行化提供参考。     

空间约束对概念的提出与实现

等价类对数据库查询计划的生成与优化有重要作用。为了减少查询计划的搜索空间,空间数据库管理系统（Ingres）,将空间拓扑关系视为等价关系,并将空间拓扑关系沉入查询树底端先执行。由于非等值空间关系谓词不具备等价类的传递性,常常导致一些空间查询不能正确执行。本文提出了空间约束对的概念,即将非等值空间谓词连接的2个空间列、或某表的空间列与其空间索引表中的KEY列（记录了MBR）视为空间约束对。空间约束对除不具备等价关系的自反性、对称性和传递性外,其启发式策略仍可沿用等价类的相关规则。此外,本文还探讨了空间约束对在Ingres中的实现,并开展了相关的实证研究。实验表明：将空间拓扑谓词两端的属性视为空间约束对后,原本不能正确执行的查询语句,在改后的Ingres中能正确地找到较优执行计划。     

基于自适应峰值分解的广义局部频率时频分析方法

往复压缩机振动信号具有复杂的多源冲击特性,表现较强的非平稳性,传统的时频分析方法难以提取有效的故障特征.以傅氏变换为基础的传统频率概念和以希尔伯特变换为基础的瞬时频率概念存在固有缺陷,提出一种广义局部频率的概念,并结合自适应峰值分解方法,实现信号时频分布的构造途径;与HHT时频分析方法进行仿真对比,并应用到往复压缩机振动信号故障特征提取.结果表明,基于自适应峰值分解的广义局部频率方法有效揭示往复压缩机不同故障的多源冲击振动信号时频特征,为往复压缩机故障诊断提供一种新的手段.     

Mechanisms and factors affecting the adsorption of sodium alginate onto modified clays

Algal organic materials (AOMs) are one critical factor affecting the efficiency of modified clays used for the mitigation of harmful algal blooms (HABs). This study was conducted to develop a deeper understanding of the mechanisms and factors affecting the adsorption of AOMs onto modified clays. Sodium alginate (polysaccharide) and kaolinite modified with polyaluminium chloride (PACl) were used as AOMs and modified clay model substances, respectively, and the effects of modifier dosage, contact time, solution pH and ionic strength were investigated through batch adsorption experiments. Kinetics revealed that the alginate adsorption rate was described well by a pseudo-second order model. PACl effectively enhanced the adsorption capacity of kaolinite and increased the adsorption rate, and the optimum additive amount of PACl was 5%. The experimental data fitted both the Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption equations well. The adsorption thermodynamics for alginate onto modified clays suggests that alginate adsorption is a spontaneous process. The adsorption of alginate onto modified clays was highly dependent on pH, with a decrease in adsorption observed with increased pH to 9.48, but the opposite was true above pH 9.48. Finally, adsorption increased with increasing ionic strength.     

Influence of Spatial-Temporal and Environmental Factors on Larimichthys polyactis,Octopus variabilis,and Species Aggregated Set-Net CPUEs in Haizhou Bay,China

Set-nets are common alongshore fishing gear used in Haizhou Bay, which rely on flow to catch fish. The catch per unit effort(CPUE) of set-net is affected by spatial-temporal and environmental factors but no research has been conducted on this subject. In this study, we used generalized additive models(GAMs) to explore the influence of spatial-temporal and environmental factors on CPUEs of species aggregated, small yellow croaker(Larimichthys polyactis), and octopus(Octopus variabilis) based on logbooks investigations conducted at 4 stations in an alongshore area of Haizhou Bay from 2011 to 2012. The results showed that all CPUEs exhibited significant spatial-temporal differences at various scales. Aggregated CPUE was high when the sea surface temperature(SST) was 15-18℃ and 20-23℃, which was mainly determined by life history traits of the octopus and small yellow croaker(optimal SSTs 14-17℃ and 19-24℃, respectively). Chlorophyll-a concentration had significant influences on the aggregated, small yellow croaker and octopus CPUEs at optimal ranges of 3.8-6.2 mg m~(-3), 4.2-4.8 mg m~(-3) and 4.5-5.5 mg m~(-3), respectively. Flow through the net had positive relationships with CPUEs. The approximate logarithmic trends in regression curves had a critical point of 2.5 Mm~3 d~(-1), which was the dividing point that differentiated whether the major factor affecting CPUEs was the flow velocity or the fishery resource. Our results from this study will help guide fishery production and improve catch rate of set-net fishing in Haizhou Bay.     

山东省上古生界页岩气资源潜力评价

以山东省上古生界海陆过渡相富有机质泥页岩为研究对象,对泥页岩的沉积环境、厚度及分布、有机质类型及含量、有机质演化程度等资料进行分析,认为石炭-二叠纪山西组和太原组泥页岩发育厚度大而稳定,有机质类型以Ⅲ型为主,镜质体反射率一般在0.7%~1.7%之间,有机碳含量一般在1.5%~9.0%之间,是页岩气主要富集层位。以含气量不小于0.5m3/t、镜质体反射率不小于0.5%、有机碳含量平均不小于2.0%等为资源量评价标准,建立有机碳含量与含气量关系模型,估算山东省上古生界页岩气潜在地质资源总量为5 736.75×108 m~3,明确了具有勘查价值的区域有鲁西南含煤区、黄河北含煤区、阳谷-茌平含煤区和临清坳陷,为山东省上古生界页岩气下一步勘查指明了方向。