Mechanisms and factors affecting the adsorption of sodium alginate onto modified clays

Algal organic materials (AOMs) are one critical factor affecting the efficiency of modified clays used for the mitigation of harmful algal blooms (HABs). This study was conducted to develop a deeper understanding of the mechanisms and factors affecting the adsorption of AOMs onto modified clays. Sodium alginate (polysaccharide) and kaolinite modified with polyaluminium chloride (PACl) were used as AOMs and modified clay model substances, respectively, and the effects of modifier dosage, contact time, solution pH and ionic strength were investigated through batch adsorption experiments. Kinetics revealed that the alginate adsorption rate was described well by a pseudo-second order model. PACl effectively enhanced the adsorption capacity of kaolinite and increased the adsorption rate, and the optimum additive amount of PACl was 5%. The experimental data fitted both the Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption equations well. The adsorption thermodynamics for alginate onto modified clays suggests that alginate adsorption is a spontaneous process. The adsorption of alginate onto modified clays was highly dependent on pH, with a decrease in adsorption observed with increased pH to 9.48, but the opposite was true above pH 9.48. Finally, adsorption increased with increasing ionic strength.     

Role of Ekman transport versus Ekman pumping in driving summer upwelling in the South China Sea

Relative roles of Ekman transport and Ekman pumping in driving summer upwelling in the South China Sea (SCS) are examined using QuikSCAT scatterometer wind data. The major upwelling regions in the SCS are the coastal regions east and southeast of Vietnam (UESEV), east and southeast of Hainan Island (UESEH), and southeast of Guangdong province (USEG). It is shown that the Ekman transport due to alongshore winds and Ekman pumping due to offshore wind stress curl play different roles in the three upwelling systems. In UESEV, Ekman pumping and Ekman transport are equally important in generating upwelling. The Ekman transport increases linearly from 0.49 Sv in May to 1.23 Sv in August, while the Ekman pumping increases from 0.36 to 1.22 Sv during the same period. In UESEH, the mean estimates of Ekman transport and Ekman pumping are 0.14 and 0.07 Sv, respectively, indicating that 33% of the total wind-driven upwelling is due to Ekman pumping. In USEG, the mean Ekman transport is 0.041 Sv with the peak occurring in July, while Ekman pumping is much smaller (0.003 on average), indicating that the upwelling in this area is primarily driven by Ekman transport. In the summers of 2003 and 2007 following El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, both Ekman transport and Ekman pumping decrease in UESEV due to the abnormally weak southwest monsoon. During the same events, however, Ekman transport is slightly enhanced and Ekman pumping is weakened in UESEH and USEG.     

基于Landsat7ETM+的青岛地区热岛效应反演及分析

用水源热泵技术,将矿井回风、矿井水、洗浴废水、冷却水（风）中的低品位废热转变为供热热能。该热泵热回收技术系统可靠、经济效益好,可达到节能减排的目的。该文分析了矿井系统中的废热类型和应用原理,给出了矿井回风、矿井水、洗浴废水、冷却水（风）废热回收量的计算方法,并分析了山东济宁梁宝寺煤矿矿井废热回收供热系统设计实例。认为该技术的应用为矿区提供了生产、生活必备的热源和热水,节约了生产成本,保障了煤矿企业的绿色生产,改善了矿区周围的生活环境。     

一种用于突发性场地污染模拟的解析模型

为了及时有效地应对各种突发性环境污染事故,有必要开发一种简单实用、适于各类型污染物的场地污染数学模型。通过污染事故发生后污染物在包气带、饱和带迁移转化的概化,建立了污染物运移的自由入渗模型以及降雨入渗模型并给出各自相应的解析解。无降雨时,考虑污染物在重力作用下随包气带向下渗透的作用,建立一维垂直入渗模型。有降雨时,考虑污染场地(包气带)中污染物迁移和转化的对流作用、扩散作用及挥发、生物降解、吸附、根系吸收等作用,建立包气带剖面二维溶质运移模型和饱和带平面二维溶质运移数学模型。建模过程中,假定降雨量的平均分布及土壤质地、水力参数以及有机物成分、种类均相同,同时假定污染物与多孔介质间的作用为线性吸附,植物根系对污染物的吸附遵循一级动力学。基于模型的解析解,实现案例的模拟计算。模拟结果表明:该模型具有适用范围广、模拟高效快捷等优点,能够较准确预测污染发生后污染物在土壤中的动向、到达饱和带的时间以及饱和带中污染物的迁移情况。     

莱阳白垩纪国家地质公园地质遗迹资源类型及评价

地质公园是保护地质遗迹、维护生态环境、实现可持续发展战略的重要场所,是人类顺应自然、与自然界和谐相处的最好结合点。丰富的地质遗迹资源,为科学地认识和了解这亿万年来莱阳盆地的演化变迁保留了十分珍贵的证据资料。该文介绍了莱阳白垩纪国家地质公园的地质遗迹类型,并对其进行了综合评价。     

日照水库水环境影响评价与保护

日照水库水质总体良好,符合城市供水要求,外来污染和底泥污染是库区水环境的主要影响因素,主要污染物TN的削减负荷较大,应及早加强水环境保护力度,提高日照水库的供水安全性和可持续能力。作为日照市重要水资源,担负着城市生活及工业供水的重任,随着城市规模和经济的快速发展,其供水安全和可持续能力将直接关系到国民经济的可持续发展。     

临沂市与江苏省四市保障用地做法对比分析

临沂市毗邻江苏省,前者是革命老区,经济欠发达城市,后者则是全国经济发展速度最快的省份之一.经济发展形势的差异使得二者在保障用地的措施做法上产生了差别.文章以江苏省徐州市、宿迁市、南通市和扬州市为例,重点分析了经济发展较快地区化解用地矛盾的做法,并与临沂市作了比较,借以提出了可供经济欠发达地区借鉴的保障发展用地的措施建议.     

山东蓬莱地区侯格庄金矿床流体包裹体特征

侯格庄金矿床位于胶东栖(霞)-蓬(莱)金成矿带大柳行金矿田东南部。该文采用包裹体显微测温方法对金矿石中石英矿物内残留的流体包裹体进行研究,总结了金矿石石英矿物中的流体包裹体特征,并对该矿床成矿流体来源、矿床成因进行了研究。研究表明,该矿床石英矿物中流体包裹体以纯液包裹体为主,次为H_2O-CO_2气液两相包裹体及H_2O-CO_2三相包裹体,未见含子矿物包裹体。均一温度在109~396℃,盐度在2.9~22.44wt%NaCl,密度在0.64~1.06g/cm~3之间,估算成矿压力为128~340MPa,成矿深度约4.4~11.6km。该矿床至少经历了2个矿化期次,成矿流体为中低温、低盐度、低密度流体,流体来源于天水与岩浆水的混合产物,属中低温、中浅成热液矿床。     

Geochronology and geochemistry of Baicaogou tuff in Yanji,NE China and its tectonic implications for Early Cretaceous

The authors studied zircon U-Pb age and geochemical data of Baicaogou tuff in Yanji,Jilin Province.The results indicate that the rocks formed in Early Cretaceous( 125. 6 ± 2. 3 Ma). Geochemically,these tuffs have high Si O2 and total Na2 O + K2 O,low Mg O and Fe O,and they belong to metaluminous series,the rock are enriched in LREEs and LILEs,depleted in HREEs and HFSEs such as Nb,Ta,Ti,and P,exhibiting an affinity to I-type granite. All these characteristics implied that the volcanic rocks were derived from partial melting of lower crust. Combined with the geochronology and geochemical features of the coeval igneous rocks within NE China,it is concluded that Yanji area was in a back-arc extensional setting in response to the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasian Plate.