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71.
72.
Vyacheslav M. Zobin Carlos Navarro Gabriel Reyes-Dávila Justo Orozco Mauricio Bretón Armando Tellez Gabriel Reyes-Alfaro Homero Vázquez 《Geophysical Journal International》2006,167(1):467-478
A methodology is proposed for the quantification of volcanic explosions based on three parameters derived from broad-band seismic signals: the counter force of the eruption F , the power of the explosion P and the duration of the upward movement of the gas slug in the conduit to the free surface of magma, D . This methodology was applied to the 2004–2005 sequence of explosions at Volcán de Colima, Mexico. The broad-band records of more than 100 explosive events were obtained at a distance of 4 km from the crater. We determined the counter force of the eruption by modelling the low-frequency impulse of the seismic records of 66 volcanic explosions and estimated the power of 116 explosions from the spectra of the high-frequency impulse. The power of Colima explosions spans five orders of magnitude; the counter force spans four orders of magnitude. We show that the power of a volcanic explosion is proportional to the counter force of the eruption. These parameters may be used for the elaboration of a scale of volcanic explosions. 相似文献
73.
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75.
Omri Shitrit Yossef H. Hatzor Shimon Feinstein Vyacheslav Palchik Harold J. Vinegar 《Geophysical Prospecting》2019,67(3):624-650
The elastic moduli and anisotropy of organic-rich rocks are of great importance to geoengineering and geoprospecting of oil and gas reservoirs. In this paper, we probe into the static and dynamic moduli of the Ghareb–Mishash chalk through laboratory measurements and new analytical approaches. We define a new anisotropy parameter, ‘hydrostatic strain ratio’ (Ω), which describes the differential contraction of anisotropic rocks consequent to hydrostatic compression. Ω depends on the C11, C12, C13 and C33 stiffness constants of a transversely isotropic material, and therefore enables a unique insight into the anisotropic behaviour of TI rocks. Ω proves more sensitive to anisotropy within the weak anisotropy range, when compared with Thomsen's ε and γ parameters. We use Ω to derive static moduli from triaxial compression tests performed on a single specimen. This is done by novel employment of a hydrostatic-deviatoric combination for transversely isotropic elastic stiffnesses. Dynamic moduli are obtained from acoustic velocities measurements. We find that the bedding-normal velocities are described well by defining kerogen as the load-supporting matrix in a Hashin–Shtrikman model (‘Hashin–Shtrikman (HS) kerogen’). The dynamic moduli of the Ghareb–Mishash chalk in dry conditions are significantly higher than the static moduli. The dynamic/static moduli ratio decreases from ∼4 to ∼2 with increasing kerogen content. Both the static and dynamic moduli decrease significantly with increasing porosity and kerogen content. The effect of porosity on them is two times stronger than the effect of kerogen. 相似文献
76.
Fayman Pavel Ostrovskii Alexander Lobanov Vyacheslav Park Jae-Hun Park Young-Gyu Sergeev Aleksandr 《Ocean Dynamics》2019,69(4):443-462
Ocean Dynamics - Cold-core (T < 0 °C) domes of dense water σθ > 27.24 kg/m3 were observed in the near-bottom layer at the... 相似文献
77.
The experiment with 10K-80 aboard the INTER-BALL-2 (which detects protons with energies &gt; 7, 27&#x2013;41, 41&#x2013;58,
58&#x2013;88, 88&#x2013;180 and 180&#x2013;300 MeV) registered six events of the solar energetic particle (SEP)
increase. These events are during the initial rise phase of the 23rd solar activity cycle. Solar flares with the SEP generation
are accompanied by coronal mass ejection (CME). Here we analyze the dynamics of the differential energy spectrum at different
phases of the SEP increase. 相似文献
78.
On the basis of the satellite and ship data of many-year observations, we parametrize the albedo of the ocean-atmosphere system
both for the conditions of “fair weather” and for the maximum and climatic optical thicknesses of oceanic clouds. These results
are used to develop a procedure of practically exact reconstruction of the monthly average fluxes of integral solar radiation
and the radiation budget over the ice-free surface of the oceans according to the data of satellite measurements of albedo
(Nimbus NOAA satellite, 1974–1983) for arbitrary conditions of transparency of the atmosphere and cloudiness. We determine the current
and climatic monthly average values and the characteristics of interannual variability of all components of the radiation
mode of the ocean-atmosphere system with a spatial resolution of 500×500 km.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
79.
Satellite instruments for the routine global monitoring of NO2 in the atmosphere—the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) on the ERS-2 satellite, the Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer
for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY) on the ENVISAT satellite, the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on the AURA satellite,
and the GOME-2 on the MetOp satellite—are briefly described. It is shown that the error of measuring the NO2 total column amount (∼10% for the background conditions in the troposphere) substantially increases in regions subject to
anthropogenic pollution. Examples of practically using multiyear satellite measurements for the regional monitoring of NO2 in the troposphere are presented, including mapping the tropospheric NO2 in Russia, identifying the weekly and annual cycles in tropospheric NO2 variations for megalopolises (St. Petersburg, Moscow, Paris), and estimating the long-term linear trend in 1995–2007. 相似文献
80.
Vyacheslav?V.?AkininEmail author Alexander?V.?Sobolev Theodoros?Ntaflos Wolfram.?Richter 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2005,150(1):85-101
Clinopyroxene megacrysts from young melanephelinitic lavas were divided into Cr-rich and Cr-poor suites. Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic
ratios of leached megacrysts and host lava are indistinguishable from each other and indicate a depleted source. Host lavas
do not display chemical evidence for significant fractional crystallization, which is required to explain the compositional
range of the megacrysts. This rules out a simple cognate genetic relationship between the two, and strictly defines megacrysts
as xenocrysts. The well-defined correlations of trace elements with the Mg-numbers in the megacrysts are interpreted as the
result of extensive fractional/equilibrium crystallization of magma over a large temperature range at near isobaric condition
in the upper mantle. Trace element variations in megacrysts are consistent with fractional crystallization of clinopyroxene
alone for the Cr-rich suite, and clinopyroxene + garnet for the Cr-poor suite from at least two bathes of related melts. Megacrysts
parent magma might represent mantle melts, which were never erupted in their initial composition. 相似文献