Petrogenesis of Glaucophane Schists

Some glaucophane schists are chemically indistinguishable fromgreenschists and epidote amphibolites. Provided all three rocktypes represent equilibrium assemblages, they must have formedunder differing physical conditions. The mineralogy of suchglaucophane schists taken in conjunction with experimental evidencesuggests that these rocks formed at low temperatures and atrelatively elevated pressures. The relatively high-pressure,low-temperature phases lawsonite, jadeitic pyroxene, and metamorphicaragonite are diagnostic of physical conditions attending thismetamorphism. Differential stress may aid in the attainmentof the appropriate mean pressure necessary for the productionof these phases. Graphic analysis and approximated thermodynamic calculationsindicate that relatively elevated pressures, or relatively lowtemperatures, or both, promote the formation of glaucophanein rocks of a wide range of bulk compositions while restrictingthe compositional range of albite-bearing rocks. It is concludedthat the coexistence of glaucophane with carbonate, calcium-aluminumsilicate or paragonite results from such physical conditions,and it is on the basis of these associations or, equally well,the presence of lawsonite, jadeitic pyroxene, or metamorphicaragonite that the blueschist facies should be defined. High pressures are not required for the production of glaucophaneitself. It is stable under physical conditions present in thegreenschist and epidote amphibolite facies in rocks deficientin CaO and rich in Na₂O and MgO relative to A1₂O₃. Such bulkcompositions might result from exchange of material betweenserpentinite and albite-bearing country rocks, and could accountfor glaucophane aureoles around, and inclusions of glaucophanerock within, some serpentinites.     

Equivalent thickness of the outer ionosphere obtained by evaluation of Faraday records

With an appropriate system of higher order approximations the Faraday-effect is calculated for instantaneous ionospheric models the data of which are derived from the results of vertical soundings. Only one parameter which corresponds to the thickness of the outer ionosphere is left open; it is determined by global comparison with simultaneous Faraday-observations of satellite emissions. The thickness parameter shows various forms of variation with latitude; an increase towards north is the rule for quiet daytime conditions. Comparison with local methods shows considerable differences due to the indetermination of the absolute number of rotations.     

Structure and petrology of an alpine peridotite on Cypress Island,Washington, U.S.A

A study of the structural petrology of a peridotite exposed on Cypress Island in Skagit Co., Washington, U.S.A. has been carried out. The Cypress peridotite is, by virtue of its composition, structure and associations, typical of ultramafics of the alpine type. It contains relict layering and accumulative textures which show it to have originated by crystal settling from a magma of unknown initial composition. Parallelism of lineations and b-axes of folds in the layering with well-developed [100]-maxima in the fabrics of olivine crystals is considered to have arisen through a penetrative deformation of the mass accompanied by plastic flow or recrystallization of the olivine. An indication of the minimum temperature of the deformation is provided by cross-cutting veins of pyroxenite which have not participated in the folding. The most satisfactory interpretation of the overall fabric of the peridotite is that it was deformed, possibly during intrusion, as a crystal mush, and that filter pressing due to compaction of the solid particles by plastic flow or recrystallization removed all but a small percentage of the magmatic fraction which then crystallized following cessation of the movements.     

Röntgenmikroanalytische untersuchungen an titanomagnetiten tertiärer eflfusiva zur lösung gesteinsmagnetischer fragen

Zusammenfassung Gesteinsmagnetische Studien haben gezeigt, daß für das Verstandnis des jeweiligen magnetischen Verhaltens von Gesteinen u. a. detaillierte mineralogischoptische und nicht zuletzt chemische Untersuchungen nötig Bind. Zum Studiurim der Verteilung der Elemente im Erzkorn wurde die Röntgenmikroanalyse benutzt.Die Methode der Röntgenmikroanalyse wird beschrieben. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen an Titanomagnetiten tertiärer Effusiva kennzeichnen die Inhomogenität der chemischen Verteilung im Erzkorn und lassen die Klärung von Phänomenen zu, die mit Hilfe der durchschnittlichen chemischen Analyse Bowie magnetothermischen u. a. Untersuchungen nicht möglich war.

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Studies on magnetic rocks have demonstrated that detailed informations on composition within ore-particles are needed in order to understand the respective magnetic behaviour. For studying such compositions microanalytic X-ray methods are used.The applied microanalyser is described.Results, gained on this way with tertiary effusiva, let recognize the inhomogenity of composition e.g. within titanomagnetites. They allow clarifying of phenomena, which cannot be understood on another way.

     

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Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Seismic modelling,development and outlook

Резюме Описаны этапы развития сейсмического моделирования, взаимоотношения между сейсмическим моделированием, теоретическими разработками и полевыми наблюдениями и формулированы перспективные задачи сейсмического моделирования.

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Address: B. Gruzinskaja 10, Moskva G-242, USSR.     

Some implications of statistical transport theory in rock mechanics

Summary Recently, a new theory of the subsidence of rock masses has been advanced byLitwiniszyn and coworkers, which is based on the notion that the individual rock particles perform random walks. It is shown in the present paper that the final equations of the random walk theory can be justified from general principles of statistical mechanics in which no specific theoretical model of particle behaviour has to be made. The theory appears to account appropriately for subsidence phenomena.The research reported in this paper was supported by the Petroleum Research Fund of the American Chemical Society. Acknowledgment is made to the donors of the Petroleum Research Fund administered by the American Chemical Society for support of this reseach.