The ideas of Mr. Dupuy about the use and future arrangement of tables of correlatives

Zusammenfassung Die Ideen und Anregungen, die der Ingenieur-Geograph Dr. MichelDupuy, Paris, hinsichtlich der vielseitigen Verwendungsm?glichkeiten von Korrelatentabellen (Tafeln der Kehrmatrizen von Winkelnormalgleichungs-Systemen) in der geod?tischen Praxis an dieser Stelle ver?ffenllicht hat, werden ebenso lebhaft begrü?t wie seine Vorschl?ge zur weiteren Verfolgung des vonBoltz, Friedrich, Marcantoni und dem Verfasser eingeschlagenen Weges. Stellungnahme zu den Anregungen im einzelnen. Vorschlag eines Gedankenauslausches zwischen den interessierten Fachleulen verschiedener Nationalit?t.

---

The ideas of Mr. Dupuy about the use and future arrangement of tables of correlatives

Summary The author deals with the ideas of Dr. MichelDupuy (Paris), concerning the future arrangement of tables of correlatives (tables of inverse matrices of angle equation systems) and their use in practical theoretical work published in this periodical. Following the author, the proposals of Dr.Dupuy, referred in detail, are of high value and exchange of ideas between interested specialists of different nationality seems to be worth of consideration.

---

Resumen El autor discute las ideas de Mr.Dupuy (Paris) relativas a la confección de las tablas de correlativas (matrices inversas de las matrices de las ecuaciones de ángulos) y a su uso desde el punto de vista práctico y teórico. Según el autor, las propuestas de Mr.Dupuy son muy importantes y los cambios de ideas entre especialistas de los diferentes paises merecerian ser examinadas.

---

Sommario L'A. discute le idee del Sig.Dupuy (Parigi) relative alla costruzione di tavole di correlativi (matrici inverse delle matrici delle equazioni agli angoli) ed il loro uso dal punto di vista pratico e teoretico. Secondo l'A. le considerazioni del Sig.Dupuy sono importantissime e gli scambi d'idee tra specialisti di differenti Paesi meritano incoraggiamento.

     

Die tektonische Geschichte der Küstenkordillere Chiles

Zusammenfassung Die schmale Küstenkordillere Chiles wird von einem Sockel präkambrischer und paläozoischer Gesteinsserien aufgebaut. Dieser Unterbau wurde mehrfach und scharf gefaltet sowie durch eine frühe Regionalmetamorphose und jüngere Kontaktmetamorphosen umgeprägt. Seit dem Beginn der Trias wurden in der Küstenkordillere keine nennenswerten Biegungsverformungen mehr angelegt. Die viele Kilometer dicken Vulkanite und Sedimente des mesozoischen Deckgebirges erfuhren vielmehr eine schollenartige Zerstückelung. Die andine Orogenese schuf im Oberbau somit vorwiegend Bruchverformungen. Im Bereich der Pazifik-Küste gibt es Bruchstrukturen, die noch im Holozän angelegt sind.Im Mesozoikum erfolgte in drei Phasen eine Mobilisierung ausgedehnter granitischer und granodioritischer Magmenkörper. Diese Intrusionen stehen in keinem greifbaren Zusammenhang mit tektonischen Paroxysmen.

---

The narrow cordillera on the coast of Chile is constructed by a fundament of precambrian and paleozoic rocks. This substratum was strongly folded several times and altered by an early regional-metamorphism and a later contactmetamorphism. Since the beginning of the trias no remarkable bending-deformations in the coastal-cordillera were produced. Those volkanites and sediments of the mesozoic superstructure, many kilometers thick, were rather broken into thrusted blocks. The andine orogenesis produced mainly fracture-deformations in the superstructure. On the Pacific coast there are fracture-structures, dating from the holocene.During the mesozoic time a mobilisation of large granitic and grano-dioritic magmas took place in three phases. These intrusions do not show any visible connection with tektonic paroxysmes.

---

Résumé La cordillère étroite sur la côte du Chili est formée d'un socle de séries de roches précambriques et paléozoiques. Cette infrastructure fut fortement pliée à différentes reprises et transformée par un métamorphisme primitif régional et des métamorphismes de contact plus récentes. Depuis le trias il n'y avait plus de nouvelles déformations de tournant d'importance dans la cordillère sur la côte du Chili. Les roches volcaniques et les sédiments de la superstructure mesozoique, ayant une épaisseur de beaucoup de kilomètres, furent morcelés. Dans la superstructure l'orogénèse andine a créé principalement des déformations par rupture. Sur la côte du Pacifique il y a des textures de rupture résultant du holocène.Pendant le mesozoique une mobilisation de vastes magmas granitoides et granodioritiques ent lieu en trois phases. Ces intrusions n'ont aucun rapport saisissable aux paroxysmes tectoniques.

---

. . , . , , , . .

---

---

Herrn Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c.Erich Bederke zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

Total body burden and tissue distribution of polyfluorinated compounds in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) from the German Bight

Total body burden and tissue distribution of polyfluorinated compounds (PFCs) were investigated in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) from the German Bight in 2007. A total number of 18 individual PFCs from the following groups could be quantified in the different tissues: perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluorinated sulfonates (PFSAs) and their precursors perfluorinated sulfinates (PFSiAs), perfluorinated sulfonamides, and sulfonamido ethanols. Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) was the predominant compound in all measured seal tissues (up to 1665 ng g⁻¹ wet weight in liver tissue). The dominant PFCAs were perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), but their concentrations were much lower compared to PFOS. The mean whole body burden in harbor seals of all detected PFCs was estimated to be 2665 ± 1207 μg absolute. The major amount of the total PFCs burden in the bodies was in blood (38%) and liver (36%), followed by muscle (13%), lung (8%), kidney (2%), blubber (2%), heart (1%), brain (1%), thymus (<0.01%) and thyroid (<0.01%). These data suggest large differences in body burden and accumulation pattern of PFCs in marine mammals.     

Simulating midday all-slope surface temperatures along a climatic-latitudinal transect during cloudless summer conditions

Two physically-models of solar radiation transmission and of a steady-state slope energy budget have been coupled. Using climatic observational inputs, averaged in 10-deg latitude bands, a systematic examination was made of changing surface temperatures and differences between surface and air temperatures as functions of varying slope angles (0 to 90 deg) and orientations (south-, west-, and north-facing). Along a latitudinal transect of the east coast of the Americas (northern hemisphere), two contrasting landscapes were examined: barren and grassy. No simple relationship was discovered among the factors regarding shortwave and longwave radiative absorption, components of the energy budget, and surface temperature trends, yet the response of temperatures on a latitudinal basis was systematic and orderly. Characteristically, a great diversity existed among surface temperatures of different slopes and orientations at any particular latitude. Such diversity was accentuated in the higher latitudes. The findings were assumed general enough to encompass most of the possible contrasts encountered in a real-world north-south transect.Dr. O'Rourke is currently a Visiting Scholar at UCLA from Litton Systems, Inc., Data Systems Division.     

Characterisation of sea-water intrusion in the Pioneer Valley, Australia using hydrochemistry and three-dimensional numerical modelling

Sea-water intrusion is actively contaminating fresh groundwater reserves in the coastal aquifers of the Pioneer Valley, north-eastern Australia. A three-dimensional sea-water intrusion model has been developed using the MODHMS code to explore regional-scale processes and to aid assessment of management strategies for the system. A sea-water intrusion potential map, produced through analyses of the hydrochemistry, hydrology and hydrogeology, offsets model limitations by providing an alternative appraisal of susceptibility. Sea-water intrusion in the Pioneer Valley is not in equilibrium, and a potential exists for further landward shifts in the extent of saline groundwater. The model required consideration of tidal over-height (the additional hydraulic head at the coast produced by the action of tides), with over-height values in the range 0.5–0.9 m giving improved water-table predictions. The effect of the initial water-table condition dominated the sensitivity of the model to changes in the coastal hydraulic boundary condition. Several salination processes are probably occurring in the Pioneer Valley, rather than just simple landward sea-water advancement from “modern” sources of marine salts. The method of vertical discretisation (i.e. model-layer subdivision) was shown to introduce some errors in the prediction of water-table behaviour.     

Groundwater level responses in temperate mountainous terrain: regime classification,and linkages to climate and streamflow

Groundwater responses in temperate mountainous terrain are assessed using groundwater, hydrometric and climatic data from southern British Columbia, Canada. Well and stream hydrographs are analysed using a series of diagnostic tools including time series plots, hysteresis plots, and cross‐correlation plots. Characterizing the seasonal timing of the response requires consideration of the hydroclimatology of the region: rainfall‐dominated (pluvial), snowmelt‐dominated (nival) or hybrid (mixture of rain and snow). The magnitude and timing of the recharge and discharge response of the groundwater system was shown to depend on the storage and permeability characteristics of the aquifer and whether the system is stream‐driven or recharge‐driven. These two dominant stream‐aquifer system types were defined based on classifying different aquifer types found in the southwest portion of the province. The classification scheme and diagnostic tools have the potential to provide a framework for evaluating the responses of wells in other mountainous regions. Using this framework, the potential consequences of future climate change may then be better understood based on the interactions between the hydrogeological and hydroclimatic settings of these aquifers. Copyright © 2010 Her Majesty the Queen in right of Canada. Published by John Wiley & Sons. Ltd     

Zur Geologie der Anden

Zusammenfassung Es wird ein Überblick über einige grundlegende Merkmale der Geologie der Anden gegeben. Der Stand der geologischen Forschung wird kurz skizziert.

---

Some principal aspects of the geology of the Andes are reviewed. The present state of geological research is briefly described.

---

Résumé L'auteur présente un aperçu sur les principales données de la géologie des Andes. La situation actuelle de la reconnaissance géologique est brièvement esquissée.

---

( ).

     

Sedimentation in der Magallanes-Geosynklinale mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Flysch

Zusammenfassung Der Bau des südlichen Abschnittes der Anden wird knapp skizziert. Geländearbeiten in Magallanes, Chile, ergaben neue Vorstellungen über die Sedimentation und das Alter sowie die Fazies einiger Schichtfolgen in Unter- und Oberkreide.Die Entstehung der Konglomerate der Serie Lago Sofia ist nicht auf eine Vereisung in der Oberkreide zurückzuführen, sondern es handelt sich um eine Grobschüttung, die nach fluviatilem Transport deltaförmig in einen Flachwasserbereich gelangte. Das Alter der Konglomerate ist Campan/Grenze Maastricht. Damit ist die Serie Lago Sofia mit den Konglomeraten der Serie Valdez in Feuerland zu parallelisieren. Eine Nord-Süd-Störung innerhalb der Geosynklinale besteht zumindest im Raum zwischen Cerro Toro und Cerro Cazador nicht.Der oberkretazische Flysch in Süd-Chile ist nicht in einem eigenen Trog entwickelt, sondern stellt eine zeitlich gebundene Fazies innerhalb der Geosynklinale dar. In Fazies, Petrographie und Fauna wird eine weitgehende Übereinstimmung mit dem ostalpinen Flysch festgestellt. Der Hinweis auf eine einheitliche Flyschzone, die von der mittleren Magallanes-Geosynklinale bis zum Grahamland reicht, stützt die von O.Wilckens mehrfach postulierte Einheitlichkeit des Süd-Antillen-Bogens.

---

Resumen Después de una ojeada a la constitución tectónica y a la estratigrafía del geosinclinal medio de Magallanes, se proporcionan algunos datos sobre la sedimentación. Con mayor detenimiento son estudiadas la composición, génesis y situación estratigráfica de los conglomerados de la Serie Lago Sofia.El flysch del cretácico superior que se halla entre el Lago Sarmiento y el Golfo Almirante Montt, presenta una considerable coincidencia con el flysch de los Alpes orientales, así como con la zona de flysch de la Tierra del Fuego y de las Antillas meridionales. La zona de flysch señalada desde el geosinclinal inedio de Magallanes, pasando por la Tierra del Fuego hasta Grahamlandia, apoya la tesis de la unidad del arco de las Antillas meridionales, defendida repetidamente por O.Wilckens.