豫西宜阳地区上二叠统孙家沟组古气候特征分析

二叠纪-三叠纪之交发生了地史上最大规模的生物灭绝事件,该事件可能与当时气候环境的强烈变化有关。前人对该时期较连续的海相地层揭示的古气候研究较为成熟,而对同时期陆相地层的研究缺乏系统性,研究资料需要进一步完善。本文选取豫西宜阳地区上二叠统孙家沟组为研究对象,运用沉积学、矿物学与元素地球化学等方法对该时期的古气候进行恢复,并与同时期陆相地层对比,进而讨论气候变化对该时期生物灭绝的影响。结果表明:(1)宜阳地区孙家沟组经历了滨湖-浅湖-滨湖等亚相的演化过程,其地层中岩相变化、古生物化石缺失、大量的钙质结核及其它沉积构造的出现揭示了孙家沟组的上段气候明显比下段炎热干旱。(2)元素地球化学指标以及粘土矿物组合的垂向变化等指示了该时期的气候经历了温湿向炎热半干旱-干旱转变。(3)宜阳地区孙家沟组的气候指标所得出的结论与其他地区同时期陆相地层古气候的变化基本一致,反映了研究区与同时期全球古气候的变化存在一致性。二叠纪末期温度的骤升、气候极度干旱化以及陆表生态系统遭受毁灭性破坏等因素,可能是导致或加速陆地生物灭绝的主要原因之一。本次研究对该时期气候变化与生物灭绝之间的关系具有一定的指导意义,为探讨全球...     

东天山白山钼矿地球化学特征及地质意义

白山钼矿赋矿岩体为花岗斑岩,其主量、微量及稀土元素地球化学特征研究表明,岩体属过铝质高钾钙碱性系列,并相对富集大离子亲石元素(Rb,Th,Sr等),亏损高场强元素(Nb,Ce,Zr等),以及具有LREE富集的右倾稀土元素分布模式。根据矿物稀土元素作为示踪剂提供的信息表明,含钼矿物的石英脉稀土元素组成和分布模式与壳幔同熔型花岗岩有众多相似之处,推测该成矿物质来源与花岗岩岩浆有关,来自同一源区,形成于碰撞后演化阶段向板内转化的构造环境,并具相同的成岩方式与成岩成矿同期。     

秦巴山区煌斑岩特征与金成矿的关系

秦巴山区煌斑岩脉广泛分布,岩脉时代主要有加里东期、印支期、燕山-喜山期。大部分含金煌斑岩产于古生代地层中,主要是志留系和泥盆系的细碎屑岩类。本文主要讨论了秦巴山区煌斑岩与金成矿关系,并指出构造破碎作用在成岩成矿中的重要地位。脉体与围岩的同化混染作用、蚀变作用与氧化作用促使金的活化、迁移、富集成矿。     

Damage assessment for tropical cyclones landing in Guangdong Province of China by using a projection pursuit dynamic cluster model

Natural Hazards - Tsunamis occur not only in marine settings but also in lacustrine environments. Most of the lacustrine tsunamis are caused by seismically- or aseismically-triggered mass...     

内蒙古高原岩石圈构造研究

本文通过综合地球物理资料,对上、中、下地壳和岩石圈地幔属性的研究,来分析内蒙古高原岩石圈的三维构造和物质运动。地体拼合属于岩石圈挤压力较小而作用期较长的造陆作用,以内蒙古中部地区为典型代表。此区域现今包括南阿穆尔- 兴安地体西南部和锡林浩特两个元古宙地体,以及形成于太古宙的华北克拉通地体。索伦山- 西拉木伦河断裂是锡林浩特和华北克拉通地体的缝合带。发生在二叠纪的锡林浩特和华北克拉通两个地体的碰撞拼合,造成古亚洲洋南支的封闭,同时也在两个地体之间,形成了索伦山- 西拉木伦缝合带和华北克拉通北缘俯冲带。古亚洲洋封闭后,华北克拉通地体继续向锡林浩特地体下方陆- 岛俯冲,形成了宽度为60～120 km的华北克拉通北缘俯冲带。此俯冲带地层向北倾斜,上地壳变形严重,岩石圈地幔破裂充水。锡林浩特地体在石炭纪处于南阿穆尔- 兴安地体南方古亚洲洋北支俯冲的岛弧带位置,在二叠纪和华北拼合时又处于华南克拉通北方古亚洲洋南支俯冲的岛弧带位置,幔源岩浆侵入频繁。在中生代拼合后又处于地壳转变为拉张的阶段,幔源岩浆侵入作用有增无减。由于幔源岩浆侵入作用时间长久,岩浆化学分异会更加彻底,锡林浩特地体及其周边地区具有良好的成矿潜力。     

The first peak ground motion attenuation relationships for North of Vietnam

The first attenuation relationships of peak ground acceleration (PGA) and peak ground velocity (PGV) for northern Vietnam are obtained in this study. Ground motion data are collected by a portable broadband seismic network in northern Vietnam as a part of cooperation between the Institute of Geophysics, Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology, Vietnam and Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taiwan. The database comprises a total of 330 amplitude records by 14 broadband stations from 53 shallow earthquakes, which were occurred in and around northern Vietnam in the period between 01/2006 and 12/2009. These earthquakes are of local magnitudes between 1.6 and 4.6, focal depths less than 30 km, and epicentral distances less than 500 km. The new attenuation relationships for PGA and PGV are:

log₁₀(PGA)=-0.987+0.7521M_L-log₁₀(R)-0.00475R,     

哀牢山—金沙江富碱侵入岩及其与裂谷构造关系初步研究

沿哀牢山—金沙江分布的富碱侵入岩,年龄为50-30Ma,化学成分是高钾(K_2O=5.07-8.30％)富碱(K_2O+Na_2O=8.17-10.08％),LREE富集(∑Ce/∑Y=7.5-9.4),铕一般无异常(δEu=0.98-1.06),δS~(34)值小(1.11-3.27)和锶初始比低(i=0.706)等,以及成因演化受第三纪裂谷控制。     

Seasonal variability of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in a wetland system of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau,southwest China: a quantitative assessment of groundwater inflow fluxes

The Caohai Wetland serves as an important ecosystem on the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau and as a nationally important nature reserve for migratory birds in China. In this study, surface water, groundwater and wetland water were collected for the measurement of environmental isotopes to reveal the seasonal variability of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes (δ¹⁸O, δD), sources of water, and groundwater inflow fluxes. Results showed that surface water and groundwater are of meteoric origin. The isotopes in samples of wetland water were well mixed vertically in seasons of both high-flow (September) and low-flow (April); however, marked seasonal and spatial variations were observed. During the high-flow season, the isotopic composition in surface wetland water varied from ?97.13 to ?41.73‰ for δD and from ?13.17 to ?4.70‰ for δ¹⁸O. The composition of stable isotopes in the eastern region of this wetland was lower than in the western region. These may have been influenced by uneven evaporation caused by the distribution of aquatic vegetation. During the low-flow season, δD and δ¹⁸O in the more open water with dead aquatic vegetation ranged from ?37.11 to ?11.77‰, and from ?4.25 to ?0.08‰, respectively. This may result from high evaporation rates in this season with the lowest atmospheric humidity. Groundwater fluxes were calculated by mass transfer and isotope mass balance approaches, suggesting that the water sources of the Caohai Wetland were mainly from groundwater in the high-flow season, while the groundwater has a smaller contribution to wetland water during the low-flow season.     

伏牛山构造带变质流体脉变形特征及构造意义

伏牛山构造带由多条近平行的断裂带和夹持其间的变形岩片组成,洛南-栾川断裂带和瓦穴子-乔端断裂带为其中的两条主要断裂带。这两条断裂带虽遭受多期强烈构造活动的影响,但主造山期的构造特征至今仍然保存完好,并以中深层次的韧性剪切变形为主,形成了典型的糜棱岩和同构造期石英脉。本文从宏观、微观、超微观变形特征及年龄等方面对这些变质流体脉进行了研究,以探讨与其形成密切相关的构造活动特征、年代及其在秦岭造山带和华北板块南缘强变形带中的作用。石英脉中石英颗粒动态重结晶特征总体显示远离剪切带只有少量的膨凸式,靠近断裂带为亚颗粒式,形成核-幔结构,位错特征显示远离剪切带位错密度较小,靠近断裂带较大,位错形态显示瓦乔断裂带以挤压为主,洛南-栾川断裂带以剪切为主。两条断裂带石英脉的变形特征说明它们的糜棱岩化过程均为塑性变形中的晶质塑性变形,形成过程均为挤压在先,剪切在后。所测糜棱岩中石英脉的ESR年龄分别为372.9±30.0 Ma、275.0±20.0 Ma和218.0±20.0 Ma,真实地记录了晚加里东至中-晚海西期北秦岭的构造活动及所受影响。其中372.9±30.0 Ma是宽坪岩块向华北板块下的斜向俯冲汇聚和走滑的年代, 275.0±20.0 Ma是瓦乔断裂带的形成年龄。218.0±20.0 Ma的年龄则反映了华南、华北两大板块印支晚期全面闭合作用在秦岭造山带内部的影响。从以上3个年龄可以看出:北秦岭各构造带自北向南演化,时代上自北向南变新。